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2015 | Buch

Introduction Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Food Waste and Sustainable Food Waste Management in the Baltic Sea Region

verfasst von: Walter Leal Filho, Marina Kovaleva

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Buchreihe : Environmental Science and Engineering

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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SUCHEN

Über dieses Buch

This work presents the findings of an extensive study on the state-of-the-art regarding the problem of food waste in Belarus, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Sweden. The results show that the problem of food waste can be found at different levels in each country and that our knowledge of it is limited by the current lack of studies in the area. The problem is primarily due to food waste generated by the manufacturing sector, mostly in the form of unused or inefficiently used by-products, as well as on a share of food thrown away by households that is still suitable for human consumption. The main reduction/prevention method, applied across the countries, is food donation; the remaining methods are the same ones used for biodegradable waste in the respective countries. The findings gathered in this study show a number of potential measures/methods for sustainable food waste management, which may be considered in future works in order to reduce the amounts of food waste generated in each of the aforementioned countries.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
The rapidly changing world also has a great impact on food production and consumption patterns. Attitudes of society towards food has shifted over the years due to rising income per capita, demographic shifts, changing lifestyles, and moral and social values. Technological innovations and competition in the international food market have driven changes in the variety and availability of food products (BIO Intelligence Service et al. 2011). Nevertheless, the issue of food accessibility and affordability still remains as topical today as it did decades ago. Today, globally, 9 million people die of hunger each year, and 800 million are undernourished (BIO Intelligence Service et al. 2011).
Walter Leal Filho, Marina Kovaleva
Chapter 2. Literature Review
Abstract
Every year 11.2 billion tonnes of solid waste are collected worldwide (UNEP 2011). In upcoming years the amount of accumulated waste will continue to increase together with growing population, an urbanization rate, overall economic and GDP/GNI per capita growth, an increase in production and consumption, and changes in a consumption pattern. Furthermore, the latest World Bank report predicts that annual global solid waste management costs will increase from USD 205.4 billion to about USD 375.5 billion by 2025 (Hoornweg and Bhada-Tata 2012). However, there is a positive aspect to this waste—its huge economic potential. Today the world waste market, from collection to recycling, is estimated at USD 410 billion a year, not including the sizable informal segment in developing countries (UNEP 2011).
Walter Leal Filho, Marina Kovaleva
Chapter 3. Causes of Food Waste Generation
Abstract
Experts name a variety of causes of food waste generation. Most of them are caused by certain behaviours of actors (i.e. producers, distributors, retailers, consumers), the need to follow regulations or for problems in food supply chains. In particular, problems associated with financial and technological aspects and/or related to the existing waste policies and legislation, have a major influence on the extent to which food waste is produced. It would be wrong to say that food waste is a product of the 21st century. In the 1940s researchers listed the following causes of food waste: spoilage as a result of improper food handling, later, packaging, and transportation, overstocking, plate scraps and increased portion sizes (Kantor et al. 1997; Griffin et al. 2009). Today, the following causes are the subject to experts’ main concern and require immediate actions. Due to their relevance, each individual cause is addressed on this work.
Walter Leal Filho, Marina Kovaleva
Chapter 4. Methods of Food Waste Reduction
Abstract
The choice of methods of waste reduction should lie with the main actors of the food supply chain (Parfitt et al. 2010) and target social, cultural, economic and legal areas. The activities/projects/initiatives, focusing on changing of behaviour and attitudes towards the problem of food waste, could be realised through better education, an increase of public awareness with regard to the state of the problem, its environmental impact, methods of food waste prevention, etc. It is also important to influence a cultural perception of food i.e. to transform the idea of a low value food type as a resource, its abundance and dependence of quality on aesthetic standards. The issue of food labelling, better understanding and interpretation of the meaning of the label content require a lot of attention as well.
Walter Leal Filho, Marina Kovaleva
Chapter 5. Research Methods
Abstract
The study entails three major components. The first component is focused on the investigation of sources in regard with the state-of-the-art of the food waste problem at the global level, available and applied methods of its reduction, related case studies and best practices, as well as on theoretical base for the development of the food waste management tools.
Walter Leal Filho, Marina Kovaleva
Chapter 6. Overview of the Baltic Region Countries
Abstract
The current work is focused on seven countries of the Baltic region, such as Belarus, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Sweden. Despite a number of differences in population size, land area, density (Table ‎6.1) and GDP per capita (Fig. ‎6.1), in the area of waste management the countries have a number of similarities, for example, the same waste legislation, except Belarus, and similar historical background, excepting Germany and Sweden, countries which, in way or another, have influenced and shaped society’s attitude towards the food and waste issues as well as consumer behaviour. All these make a comparative analysis of the following countries regarding the problem of the food waste management and its possible future trends interesting and useful.
Walter Leal Filho, Marina Kovaleva
Chapter 7. The State of the Problem of Food Waste in the Baltic Region Countries
Abstract
Due to the limited available information on food waste in Baltic countries, this book undertakes an extensive research based on appraisals of information available at various sources, and compiles the data into various blocks. This chapter presents the state-of-the-art of the problem of food waste across the Baltic Sea Region and methods of its treatment.
Walter Leal Filho, Marina Kovaleva
Chapter 8. Discussion
Abstract
The results of the conducted study reveal a number of similarities regarding the state of the problem of food waste in all seven countries, as well as factors, influenced by the national economic, social and waste management situations. Peculiarities of each country have also reflected in the outcomes of the implemented measures, aimed at reduction of food waste.
Walter Leal Filho, Marina Kovaleva
Chapter 9. Conclusions and Recommendations
Abstract
The current study centres on today’s situation and future trends in food waste management in seven Baltic Region countries such as Belarus, Estonia, Germania, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Sweden. The findings are based on an analysis of the information and statistical data on the problem of food waste, available from various sources. It also includes such aspects as the causes of food waste, methods of its treatment, best practice, countries’ economic situations, with a focus on consumer purchasing power, a food consumption pattern, undernourishment and poverty level, as well as renewable energy production and a state of biodegradable waste management. The obtained results give ground to a number of conclusions.
Walter Leal Filho, Marina Kovaleva
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Food Waste and Sustainable Food Waste Management in the Baltic Sea Region
verfasst von
Walter Leal Filho
Marina Kovaleva
Copyright-Jahr
2015
Electronic ISBN
978-3-319-10906-0
Print ISBN
978-3-319-10905-3
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10906-0