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Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy

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30-11-2022 | Original Paper

Batteries and flow batteries-life cycle assessment in Indian conditions

Author: Jani Das

Published in: Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy | Issue 4/2023

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Abstract

The intervention of renewable energy for curbing the supply demand mismatch in power grids has projected the added advantage of having lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Non-depleting sources are characterised by variability and unpredictability. This necessitates the adequate design and sizing of Energy Storage Devices (ESD). This study focusses on life cycle study of three different types of storage devices, Valve Regulated Lead Acid Battery (LAB), Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP-G) Battery and Polysulphide Bromine Flow Battery (PSB). It has been concluded that the PV-VRLA system has an Energy Pay Back Time (EPBT) of 4.3 years, PV-LFP-G system having 4.56 years and PV-PSB system with a value of 8.2 years. The environmental impact of the systems is measured by the GHG emission factor expressed in kgCO_2eq/kWh of energy generated. The PV-PSB system has the highest value owing to the material production and operating energy component, the values being 0.321, 0.343 and 0.70 kgCO_2eq/kWh for the LAB, LFP-G and PSB, respectively. The impact of the generation mix for the present, Business as Usual (BAU) and a future Renewable Energy Intensive has also been studied. It has been concluded that emission metrics of the PSB system is more sensitive to generation mix characteristics.

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Title: Batteries and flow batteries-life cycle assessment in Indian conditions
Author: Jani Das
Publication date: 30-11-2022
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy / Issue 4/2023
Print ISSN: 1618-954X
Electronic ISSN: 1618-9558
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-022-02431-w

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