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Human Health Risk Assessment of Toxic Chemical Pollutants in Stormwater

Implications for Urban Stormwater Reuse

Authors: Yukun Ma, Prasanna Egodawatta, James McGree, Ashantha Goonetilleke

Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore

Book Series : SpringerBriefs in Water Science and Technology

Part of: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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About this book

This book presents a detailed analysis in relation to human health risk assessment of the main toxic chemical pollutants in urban stormwater generated from urban traffic and land use activities. The knowledge presented in this book was derived based on comprehensive experimental investigations including field sampling, laboratory testing, mathematical modelling, spatial analysis and multivariate and univariate statistical data analyses.

The key highlights of the book include the quantitative assessment of the human health risk posed by key toxic chemical pollutants in urban stormwater and the development of linkages between risk and traffic and land use. Additionally, a suite of mathematical equations are presented to predict human health risk based on traffic and land use characteristics through mathematical modelling. These outcomes can significantly assist in effective stormwater risk management under changing traffic and land use in the urban environment. The knowledge presented is of particular interest to readers such as stormwater treatment design specialists, decision-makers and urban planners since these outcomes provide practical suggestions and recommendations for effective urban stormwater treatment design.

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Table of Contents

Frontmatter

Chapter 1. Human Health Risk from Stormwater Pollution

Abstract

Urban stormwater contains a diversity of pollutants and some can be toxic to human health such as heavy metals (HMs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). HMs and PAHs are primarily generated from traffic and land use related activities. They can pose potential risks to human health through stormwater reuse for recreational and potable purposes. In order to ensure safety in stormwater reuse, risk minimization is essential. Accurate and efficient assessment of the risk posed by HMs and PAHs in urban stormwater can provide a robust foundation for stormwater risk management in the context of stormwater reuse.

Yukun Ma, Prasanna Egodawatta, James McGree, Ashantha Goonetilleke

Chapter 2. Research Program

Abstract

Stormwater risk is primarily determined by the pollutant concentrations present, which is in turn dependent on the build-up of pollutants on urban surfaces. Therefore, risk assessment in relation to stormwater requires a robust program of research investigations into pollutant concentrations in build-up on urban surfaces. This chapter discusses the critical details of the research program as formulated, specifically in relation to study sites selection, pollutant build-up sample collection and laboratory testing.

Yukun Ma, Prasanna Egodawatta, James McGree, Ashantha Goonetilleke

Chapter 3. Linking Traffic and Land Use to Stormwater Quality

Abstract

Safe reuse of urban stormwater requires risk assessment and management, for which accurate quality estimation is essential. This chapter initially discusses how pollutants build-up data obtained from the field was converted to concentrations in stormwater runoff through build-up and wash-off replication. Mathematical equations are provided to link pollutant concentrations in stormwater to traffic volume and land use area percentages. These equations can be employed as an urban planning tool for stormwater management with changing traffic and land use characteristics without having to undertake resource intensive field monitoring. The research outcomes provide practical recommendations for urban stormwater quality assessment and management.

Yukun Ma, Prasanna Egodawatta, James McGree, Ashantha Goonetilleke

Chapter 4. Human Health Risk Assessment for Toxic Chemical Pollutants in Urban Stormwater

Abstract

Accurate and efficient risk assessment of toxic chemical pollutants present in urban stormwater is essential for safely utilizing this potential water resource. The mathematical equations developed in Chap. 3 were applied for predicting stormwater quality using quantitative parameters including traffic volume and land use area percentages. This chapter firstly presents a detailed risk assessment approach based on the quantitative parameters. However, quantitative parameters alone are not adequate to interpret the associated risk. As such, the influence of qualitative parameters (i.e. traffic and land use characteristics) in relation to stormwater risk was also analyzed. Consequently, two qualitative parameters, including fraction of vehicle related businesses (FVS) and braking and starting frequency (BSF) were selected to further refine the risk model developed. The eventual risk assessment model is expected to provide practical approaches for stormwater risk management in the context of stormwater reuse and urban planning.

Yukun Ma, Prasanna Egodawatta, James McGree, Ashantha Goonetilleke

Chapter 5. Implications for Stormwater Management and Recommendations for Future Research

Abstract

This chapter summarizes the major outcomes derived from the research study which aimed to assess the human health risk associated with urban stormwater as influenced by traffic and land use parameters and the practical application of the research outcomes to urban stormwater management. Recommendations are provided to strengthen the hierarchy of hazard control strategies to minimize stormwater risk and current water reuse guidelines. This chapter also discusses the current knowledge gaps and provides recommendations for future research.

Yukun Ma, Prasanna Egodawatta, James McGree, Ashantha Goonetilleke

Backmatter

Title: Human Health Risk Assessment of Toxic Chemical Pollutants in Stormwater
Authors: Yukun Ma
Prasanna Egodawatta
James McGree
Ashantha Goonetilleke
Copyright Year: 2023
Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore
Electronic ISBN: 978-981-19-9616-0
Print ISBN: 978-981-19-9615-3
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9616-0