Abstract
The current study aimed to enhance exopolysaccharide production by Klebsiella variicolaSMHMZ46 isolated from the Zawar mines area in Udaipur, Rajasthan, India, by optimizing the medium with OFAT and a central composite design. The trial including sucrose (9.5%), casein hydrolysate (3%), and NaCl (0.5%) yielded the maximum EPS production as indicated by applying the CCD-RSM biostatistical program. The composition of exopolysaccharides produced by Klebsiella variicolaSMHMZ46 culture was characterized. Growth under Pb(II), Cd(II), and Ni(II) metal amended conditions induced EPS production relative to control. TLC was used for identifying the sugar residues of EPS, in addition to determination of both total carbohydrate and protein contents. According to FT-IR analysis, EPS can interact with metal ions via their functional chemical groups, thereby supporting their bioremediation potential. The metal removal efficiency of bacteria and their produced EPS in broth individually spiked with Pb(II), Ni(II), and Cd(II) was 99.18%, 97.60%, and 98.20%, respectively, and powdered EPS from contaminated water was 85.76%, 72.40%, and 71.53%, respectively. According to FEG-SEM observations, the surface morphology of EPS becomes rough, demonstrating sharp bumps after metal binding. A FEG-SEM analysis of the structure of EPS was performed; the surface structure of EPS (with metal) was more rigid than that of control EPS (without metal). The interaction between the EPS system and Pb(II) ions was investigated using FEG-SEM coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectra, and a strong peak of C, O, and Pb elements was observed, indicating successful Pb adsorption. These findings suggest that EPS from Klebsiella variicolaSMHMZ46 has a good metal adsorbing nature and could be a promising biosorbent for metal bioremediation of contaminated water.
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I am grateful to my guide for her support and encouragement, as well as the facilities offered by the DST-FIST- Sponsored Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Gujarat, India. I'd like to thank the Education Department of Gujarat State, India, for providing me with a scholarship under the SHODH Scheme (Scheme of Development, High-Quality Research).
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Sarita Sharma and Prof. (Dr.) Meenu Saraf conceived and design the study. Sarita Sharma conducted the experiments, analyzed the data and wrote the paper. The manuscript was checked by Prof. (Dr.) Meenu Saraf. Both authors contributed to manuscript revision and later approved the final version of the manuscript and agreed to be held accountable for the content therein.
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Sharma, S., Saraf, M. Enhanced exopolysaccharide production by multi metal tolerant Klebsiella variicolaSMHMZ46 isolated from mines area and application in metal bioremediation. Int Microbiol 26, 1167–1183 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-023-00366-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-023-00366-w