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SiO2-Rich Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash Catalyst for Transesterification of Palm Oil

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Abstract

This study demonstrated the performance of the sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) impregnated with calcium oxide (CaO) as a novel heterogeneous basic catalyst in biodiesel production. The SCBA was prepared by calcination for 2 h at 500 to 800 °C and impregnated with CaO loadings (10 to 40 wt.%). The prepared SCBA/CaO catalyst was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature programmed desorption of carbon dioxide (TPD-CO2), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface characteristics. A series of transesterification reactions were conducted to evaluate the performance of the catalysts. As a result, highest FAME yield of 93.8% was obtained by using SCBA600°C CaO(40%) catalyst at 20:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio, reaction temperature of 65 °C, with 6 wt.% catalyst in 3 h. Besides, the catalyst can be reused up to 5 reaction cycles with biodiesel yield of 93.0% and 70.3% at first and fifth cycles, respectively. In this work, it was found that the natural SiO2 in the SCBA has a significant role to enhance the catalytic performance and reduce the catalyst’s deactivation drawback by minimizing the leaching of active sites.

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Acknowledgements

The author would like to express the acknowledgements to the Ministry of Education (MOE) and Universiti Teknologi MARA for the research fund FRGS-RACER research grant 600-IRMI/ FRGS-RACER 5/3 (039/2019) and BESTARI research grant 600-IRMI/PERDANA 5/3 BESTARI (088/2018). Special thanks to Institute of Science (IOS) Universiti Teknologi MARA and Catalysis Science & Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia for all the facilities provided throughout this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

    Aunie Afifah Abdul Mutalib, Mohd Lokman Ibrahim & Mohd Sufri Mastuli

  2. Centre of Nanomaterials Science, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

    Mohd Lokman Ibrahim, Muhd Firdaus Kassim & Mohd Sufri Mastuli

  3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

    Juan Matmin

  4. Chancellery Office, University Malaysia Sabah, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

    Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap

  5. Catalyst Science and Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia

    Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap

  6. Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang, 26400, Bandar Tun Razak, Pahang, Malaysia

    Norshahidatul Akmar Mohd Shohaimi

  7. Department of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh

    Aminul Islam

  8. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia

    Yie Hua Tan

  9. Nano| Hybrid | Materials Research Group, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia

    Noor Haida Mohd Kaus

Authors
  1. Aunie Afifah Abdul Mutalib
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  2. Mohd Lokman Ibrahim
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  3. Juan Matmin
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  4. Muhd Firdaus Kassim
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  5. Mohd Sufri Mastuli
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  6. Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap
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  7. Norshahidatul Akmar Mohd Shohaimi
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  8. Aminul Islam
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  9. Yie Hua Tan
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  10. Noor Haida Mohd Kaus
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Correspondence to Mohd Lokman Ibrahim.

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Highlights

1. The success preparation of the CaO impregnated SiO2-rich SCBA as the heterogenous solid basic catalyst.

2. The prepared SCBA/CaO catalyst resulted 93.8% of FAME yield at mild reaction conditions for 3 h of transesterification process.

3. The SiO2 improves the reusability of catalyst up to 5 reaction cycles by improving the strength of the active sites-support bonding.

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Abdul Mutalib, A.A., Ibrahim, M.L., Matmin, J. et al. SiO2-Rich Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash Catalyst for Transesterification of Palm Oil. Bioenerg. Res. 13, 986–997 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-020-10119-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-020-10119-6

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