Abstract
The application of MNE definitions, measurements and theories to international services is still in its infancy, despite the considerable size and growth of this sector. There are problems in defining, classifying, measuring, comparing and explaining service MNEs, but they do not require special definitions and theories. Still, research to date suggests: (1) delinking the concepts of multinational enterprise and foreign direct investment under certain conditions, and (2) qualifying the nature of ownership, internalization and location advantages in FDI theory, as far as service MNEs are concerned.
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*J.J. Boddewyn is Professor of International Business at the Baruch College of the City University of New York, and a Fellow of the Academy of International Business.
**Marsha Baldwin Halbrich (MBA, Baruch College) is a consultant with Susan Horowitz & Associates and with Ibero-American Productions, both in New York City.
***A.C. Perry is an Assistant Professor of International Business at The American University in Washington, DC. An appendix reviewing the domestic literature on the nature of services can be obtained by writing to either Professor Boddewyn or Perry.
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Boddewyn, J., Halbrich, M. & Perry, A. Service Multinationals: Conceptualization, Measurement and Theory. J Int Bus Stud 17, 41–57 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490860
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490860