nach oben

Erschienen in:

2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

6. 1700: Financing the Imperial State

verfasst von : Leonard Dudley

Erschienen in: The Singularity of Western Innovation

Verlag: Palgrave Macmillan US

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

The seventeenth century had seen the creation of the first British Empire, but the beginning of the end for the Ottoman and Mughal Empires and the complete collapse of the Ming Empire. These events coincided with differences in the capacity of these states to realize fundamental transformations in their finances: (i) military spending (from small cavalry armies paid in kind to much larger forces armed with gunpowder weapons and paid in cash); (ii) fiscal structure (from direct taxation of production to indirect taxation of transactions); (iii) organizational control (from decentralized nobles’ households to centralized bureaucracies). In England, these fiscal transformations were facilitated by the increasing standardization of the written and spoken vernaculars. However, in Asia the ruling dynasties were handicapped by the high cost of decoding information written in classical literary languages.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Vorheriges Kapitel Language Standardization

Nächstes Kapitel Steam Makes Waves

Anderson, B. (2006). Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism (Revised ed.). London: Verso.

Asquith, S. (1981). New Model Army 1645–60. Oxford: Osprey Publishing.

Borsay, P. (2002). The culture of improvement. In P. Langford (Ed.), The eighteenth century 1688–1815 (pp. 183–212). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Brook, T. (2013). The troubled empire: China in the Yuan and Ming dynasties. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.

Brown, K. M. (2008). Monarchy and government in Britain, 1603–1637. In J. Wormald (Ed.), The seventeenth century (pp. 13–50). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Chen, Q. (2015). Climate shocks, dynastic cycles and nomadic conquests: Evidence from historical China. Oxford Economic Papers, 67, 185–204.CrossRef

Cipolla, C. M. (1966). Guns, sails and empires: Technological innovation and the early phases of European expansion. New York: Pantheon.

Crossley, P. K. (1997). The Manchus. Oxford: Blackwell.

Darling, L. T. (2006). Public finances: The role of the Ottoman centre. In S. N. Faroqhi (Ed.), The Cambridge history of Turkey, vol. 3, The later Ottoman Empire, 1603–1839 (pp. 118–134). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Dong, H. (2014). A history of the Chinese language. London: Routledge.

Dupuy, R. E., & Dupuy, T. (1986). The encyclopedia of military history from 3500 B.C. to the present. New York: Harper and Row.

Ebrey, P. B. (1996). The Cambridge illustrated history of China. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Fairbank, J. K., & Goldman, M. (2006 [original 1992]). China: A new history. (2nd enlarged ed.). Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.

Faroqhi, S. N. (2006). Rural life. In S. N. Faroqhi (Ed.), The Cambridge history of Turkey, vol. 3, The later Ottoman Empire, 1603–1839 (pp. 376–392). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Febvre, L., & Martin, H.-J. (1976). The coming of the book: The impact of printing 1450–1800. London: NLB.

He, W. (2013). Paths toward the modern fiscal state: England, Japan, and China. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRef

Heijdra, M. (1998). The socio-economic development of rural China during the Ming. In D. Twitchett & F. W. Mote (Eds.), Cambridge history of China (Vol. 8, pp. 417–578). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef

Huang, R. (1974). Taxation and governmental finance in sixteenth-century Ming China. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Huang, R. (1998). The Ming fiscal administration. In D. Twitchett & F. W. Mote (Eds.), The Cambridge history of China, vol. 8, The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, part 2 (pp. 106–171). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Inalcik, H. (1973). The Ottoman Empire: The classical age 1300–1600. New York: Praeger.

Johnson, N. D., & Koyama, M. (2014). Tax farming and the origins of state capacity in England and France. Explorations in Economic History, 51, 1–20.CrossRef

Jones, E. L. (1981). The European miracle. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Keay, J. (2000). India: A history. New York: Grove Press.

Ko, D. (1994). Teachers of the inner chambers: Women and culture in seventeenth-century China. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Lynn, J. A. (1995). States in conflict 1661–1763. In G. Parker (Ed.), The Cambridge illustrated history of warfare (pp. 164–185). Cambridge: Cambridge University Paree.

Metcalf, B. D., & Metcalf, T. R. (2006). A concise history of modern India (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef

North, D. C., & Weingast, B. R. (1989). Constitutions and commitment: The evolution of institutions governing public choice in eighteenth century England. Journal of Economic History, 49, 803–832.CrossRef

O’Brien, P. K. (2011). The nature and historical evolution of an exceptional fiscal state and its possible significance for the precocious commercialization and industrialization of the British economy from Cromwell to Nelson. Economic History Review, 64(2), 408–446.CrossRef

Parker, G. (1996). The military revolution: military innovation and the rise of the West, 1500–1800 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Peck, L. L. (1993). Court patronage and corruption in early Stuart England. London: Routledge.

Quataert, D. (2005). The Ottoman Empire 1700–1922 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Richards, J. F. (1993). The Mughal empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef

Stoye, J. (2007). The Siege of Vienna (New ed.). Vienna: Birlinn.

Uyar, M., & Erickson, E. J. (2009). A military history of the Ottomans from Osman to Atatürk. Santa Barbara: Praeger Security International.

Wolpert, S. (1993). A new history of India (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Worthing, P. (2007). A military history of modern China: From the Manchu conquest to Tian’anmen Square. Westport: Praeger.

Titel: 1700: Financing the Imperial State
verfasst von: Leonard Dudley
Verlag: Palgrave Macmillan US
Buch: The Singularity of Western Innovation
Print ISBN: 978-1-137-40317-9

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-137-39822-2

Copyright-Jahr: 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-39822-2_6