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2024 | Buch

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21st Century Sports

How Technologies Will Change Sports in the Digital Age

herausgegeben von: Sascha L. Schmidt

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Buchreihe : Future of Business and Finance

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Über dieses Buch

Discover the exciting future of sports in the digital age with "21st Century Sports: How Technologies Will Change Sports in the Digital Age." This thought-provoking book, now in its second edition, delves into the transformative power of technology on the world of sports within the next five to ten years and beyond. Written by esteemed academics from prestigious institutions like the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Queensland University of Technology, and the University of Cambridge, alongside seasoned practitioners with extensive technological expertise, this collection of essays offers profound insights. Through their comprehensive analysis, the authors explore the profound impacts of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, blockchain, web3 and robotics on sports.

Uncover how these technologies will revolutionize not only the nature of sports itself but also consumer behavior and existing business models. Athletes, entrepreneurs, and innovators working in the sports and other industries will find invaluable guidance to identify trendsetting technologies, gain deeper insights into their implications, and stay ahead of the competition, both on and off the field. In this new edition, a special focus is given to technology convergence, featuring chapters on the future of fandom, sports in the third connected age and in new digital worlds like the Metaverse. This book is your gateway to the dynamic world where technology and sports intersect, offering a compelling vision of what lies ahead.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Introduction

Frontmatter

How Technologies Impact Sports in the Digital Age

Abstract

Schmidt introduces the relationship between technology and sports in the digital age taking time to outline improvements to athletic performance, sports consumption, sports management, and governance. He also describes how technology drives the development of new sports and the enhancement of traditional sports. Finally, he outlines the process by which technologies were selected for the second edition of 21st Century Sports: How Technologies Will Change Sports in the Digital Age as well as the structure and chapters of the book.

Sascha L. Schmidt

Taxonomy of Sportstech

Abstract

In this chapter, the authors provide a snapshot of the opportunities, challenges, and development of the sportstech industry and propose a sportstech taxonomy comprised of the definition of sportstech and the SportsTech Matrix. Their goal is to provide a common understanding and a useful tool for researchers and practitioners alike. In so doing, they define sportstech based on established understanding of sports and technology, introduce the SportsTech Matrix, and exemplify how to apply it with use cases for a variety of stakeholders. The SportsTech Matrix provides an all-encompassing structure for the field of sportstech along two angles: The user and tech. Together, the two angles capture how different types of technologies provide solutions to different user groups.

Nicolas Frevel, Sascha L. Schmidt, Daniel Beiderbeck, Benjamin Penkert, Brian Subirana

How Thesis Driven Innovation Radars Could Benefit the Sports Industry

Abstract

In this chapter, Sarma, Subirana, and Frevel look at trend and innovation radars, in general, and discuss how sports organizations and their management can benefit from a systematic approach to handling emerging technologies and innovations. They explain their understanding of a “corporate thesis,” which is required to steer an organization to long-term success given seemingly unlimited opportunities offered by new technologies under the constraint of limited resources. To respond to overwhelming amounts of news, innovations, and disruptions, they make the case for Thesis Driven Innovation Radars and demonstrate their application in the sports industry.

Sanjay Sarma, Brian Subirana, Nicolas Frevel

How to Predict the Future of Sports

Abstract

Schmidt, Beiderbeck, and von der Gracht start with a pair of intriguing questions: Is it possible to predict the future of sports in this digital age? And, if so, what scientific methods can be used to forecast the impact of technology on the field? To answer, they first weigh the benefits and drawbacks of popular quantitative and qualitative forecasting techniques before outlining the Delphi method in some depth. They provide empirical results from a number of future studies in sports, concluding that with the right objective and participants, it is possible to predict the future.

Sascha L. Schmidt, Daniel Beiderbeck, Heiko A. von der Gracht

Physical Technologies

Frontmatter

Robotics, Automation, and the Future of Sports

Abstract

This chapter explores the growing influence of robotics and automation on sports and potential resultant future states. In this chapter, Siegel and Morris describe advances leading to broader deployment of robotics and automation and envision how these technologies may lead to new models for spectator experience by increasing engagement and interactivity. Next, they consider how robotics and automation create opportunities for improved athlete training and detail how robotics and automation have augmented sports by allowing new athletes to compete, creating new sports, and providing a playing field for intellectual athletes. Finally, they envision possible future evolutions of sports leveraging robotic advances and present a case study on how robotics might impact motorsport, closing by considering potential non-technical challenges and risks in inviting robots into sport.

Josh Siegel, Daniel Morris

Robotics and AI: How Technology May Change the Way We Shape Our Bodies and What This Does to the Mind

Abstract

In this chapter, Kirchner explores some of the exciting recent developments in robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) and the barriers to control complex mechanisms. He also offers a solution that he terms “the hybrid AI approach.” Kirchner goes on to argue for using robots and learning as a way to achieve AI, an idea first touted by Alan Turing, and offers example cases of robots and AI in sports. Finally, he looks to the future and explores the possibilities and possible effects on the human body and mind of extensive physical interaction with intelligent machines.

Frank Kirchner

The Reach of Sports Technologies

Abstract

Schlegel and Hill outline the megatrends of sport in Australia and introduce an additional megatrend, the use of sports technologies, which they explore in more depth. They then argue that sports technologies—wearables, internet of things (IoT) applications, media, and communications—can provide the basis for validation, technology transfer, and diffusion of knowledge into fitness, wellness and health, as well as occupational health, safety, and defense. They explain how sports technologies impact multiple verticals including insurances, stadium infrastructure and maintenance, and sport broadcasting. Finally, they explore the challenges presented by the use of sports technologies including the barriers to open standards, security, and privacy.

Martin U. Schlegel, Craig Hill

The Future of Additive Manufacturing in Sports

Abstract

This chapter highlights the present and projected impact of additive manufacturing technologies on the sports ecosystem. Beiderbeck, Krüger, and Minshall first describe the process- and product-related advantages that derive from additive manufacturing in general. Then, they introduce an additive manufacturing sports application matrix, which serves as a grid to structure current use cases along their benefits for the sports industry. Next, they illustrate how the interplay between additive manufacturing and technological advancement in other fields like artificial intelligence, sensor technology, and robotics can create new products and business models. The chapter concludes with a discussion about future opportunities and challenges around additive manufacturing and innovation in sports.

Daniel Beiderbeck, Harry Krüger, Tim Minshall

The Current State and Future of Regenerative Sports Medicine

Abstract

Regular engagement in sports not only produces many health benefits, but also exposes participants to increased injury risk. Hutmacher offers an overview of the progression of currently available regenerative treatment concepts and a summary of the different modalities of platelet-rich plasma treatments, bone marrow aspirate concentrate and precursor/stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells, and amniotic membrane products. General principles in the application of these treatment concepts are discussed. Finally, Hutmacher offers a critical, though visionary, view on how regenerative sports medicine technologies may lead to new treatment concepts and increasing engagement of both sports’ injury patients and physicians.

Dietmar W. Hutmacher

Information Processing Technologies

Frontmatter

Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, and Quantum Computing in Sports

Abstract

This chapter examines the exciting possibilities promised for the sports environment by new technologies such as big data, AI, and quantum computing, discussed in turn. Together and separately, the technologies’ capacity for more precise data collection and analysis can enhance sports-related decision-making and increase organization performance in many areas. Torgler also emphasizes technologies’ limitations—and considerations like privacy and inefficiencies—by reflecting on the nature of sport. Finally, it explores the factors beyond technology that influence individual’s deep involvement in and emotional attachment to sports and sports-related events.

Benno Torgler

The Data Revolution: Cloud Computing, Artificial Intelligence, and Machine Learning in the Future of Sports

Abstract

Chase argues that data is the currency by which competitive advantage is won and lost. Those who find creative ways to unlock and harness it—largely through employment of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Cloud Computing, which she discusses in turn—will be the champions of tomorrow. Use of these technologies will enable a waterfall of new abilities: Teams will better identify talent and optimize training protocols. Game strategy, team lineups, and player archetypes will be created and simulated in virtual “what if” environments. Fans’ experiences will be increasingly immersive. If these advanced insights could be properly unlocked, understanding that Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning are tools with defined limits and biases, data will transform sport and push the limits of human performance.

Christina Chase

The Rise of Emotion AI: Decoding Flow Experiences in Sports

Abstract

In this chapter, Bartl and Füller explore Emotion artificial intelligence (AI), which has the potential not only to radically change the way sports are coached, but also how they are experienced and consumed. Their chapter illustrates how affective states can be measured with the help of AI and how the provided analytics may impact the sports experience. Besides giving insights in the role emotions play in sports, the empirical case study shows how to measure the state of flow of biathlon athletes with AI. Their findings show that the analysis of psychophysiological patterns allows classification of athletes’ flow states and prediction of performance. And finally, they outline how Emotion AI may add value to the sports activity of athletes, coaches, spectators, and researchers.

Michael Bartl, Johann Füller

Blockchain: From Fintech to the Future of Sport

Abstract

In this chapter, Khaund provides an explanation of the oft spoken about but little understood blockchain. He walks the reader through likely applications of the blockchain technology on and off the sporting field taking time to outline the revolutionary power of smart contracts for athlete compensation, gambling, and even broadcasting contracts. He argues that anywhere transactions between multiple parties occur or privileged management of data exists, blockchain will become the de facto solution and even lead to new business models. In his view, the short-term benefits will be limited by the willingness of the incumbents to accept drastic change, but the long-term future of sports will be assuredly and profoundly impacted by blockchain.

Sandy Khaund

Blockchain, Sport, and Navigating the Sportstech Dilemma

Abstract

In their chapter, Carlsson-Wall and Newland introduce the Sportstech Dilemma. They describe how sport is an industry driven by emotion and the importance of maintaining competitive balance, which distinguishes it from other industries. Then, they survey the blockchain tech landscape in sport and differentiate seven market segments depending on customer type and the type of impact sought. They propose three strategic questions—concerning the level of integration into the sport ecosystem, potential for a hybrid business model, and geographic footprint—to guide companies navigating the sportstech dilemma. Finally, they look further into the future and see unexpected possibilities for blockchain in sport.

Martin Carlsson-Wall, Brianna Newland

Blockchain Innovation in Sports Economies

Abstract

In this chapter, Potts, Thomas and Tierney consider sports as an economy and the impact of innovation, blockchain technology and its applications, on truth and trust in sports and business models and opportunities. They dedicate space and time to several of blockchains’ potential applications in sports—NFTs, DAOs, and web3 chief among them. Finally, with blockchain technology as their new foundation, they imagine the future of sports economies.

Jason Potts, Stuart Thomas, Kieran Tierney

Human Interaction Technologies

Frontmatter

Strategies to Reimagine the Stadium Experience

Abstract

Despite the challenges presented by seemingly limitless sports and entertainment options, increasing ticket cost, and transportation issues, Shields and Rein argue that the in-stadium sports experience is important and worth fighting for. To persuade fans to spend their time and money attending sporting events, they contend that sports organizations will need to rethink their core proposition. They offer four strategies to solve the problem of fan attendance in the future: First, introducing scarcity. Second, eventizing the sports calendar. The third and fourth strategies, making the stadium experience frictionless and utilizing satellite stadiums, respectively, will require integrating metaverse-related technologies including augmented reality and virtual reality. Embracing these strategies may not be easy, but they will be essential to preserving and reinvigorating stadium attendance going forward.

Ben Shields, Irving Rein

Virtual Reality and Sports: The Rise of Mixed, Augmented, Immersive, and Esports Experiences

Abstract

In this chapter, Miah, Fenton, and Chadwick examine how sports have become increasingly intertwined with the trajectory of the media innovation industries and how this extends particularly to the realm of computer-generated imagery and game playing. They consider how virtual reality, augmented reality, mixed reality, and extended reality are being integrated into the sports industries and discuss the innovation culture that operates around these experiences. They focus on how new, digitally immersive sports experiences transform the athletic experience for participants and audiences and create new kinds of experience that, in turn, transform the sporting world. Further, they analyze what this means for the long-term future of sports.

Andy Miah, Alex Fenton, Simon Chadwick

How Technologies Might Change the European Football Spectators’ Role in the Digital Age

Abstract

Spectators play a vital role in professional sports. As such, it may not surprise that many football clubs continue to pursue stadium expansion and increase seat supply. Still, as new technologies like artificial intelligence, augmented reality, and blockchain technology enter the mass market, the question arises if the strategy of ever-increasing the seat supply will ultimately be sustainable. Accordingly, in this short chapter, I attempt to predict how such technologies might change the European football spectators’ role in the digital age, specifically focusing on the potential role of augmented and virtual reality in shaping stadium attendance demand in 2040. In total, I make ten projections, cumulatively pointing to the European football spectators’ loss of significance.

Dominik Schreyer

Video Games, Technology, and Sport: The Future Is Interactive, Immersive, and Adaptive

Abstract

While traditional sport spectator numbers decline, the number of viewers in interactive media such as streaming platforms, video games, and esports continue to increase. In response, Pirker offers a characterization of the new generation of consumers and the technologies opening up new avenues for engaging and immersive experiences. She demonstrates that with the help of virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and artificial intelligence (AI), among other technologies, traditional sports can follow successful strategies from interactive media. But the influence is not one-sided. Pirker also offers a picture of the two-way relationship between sports and videogames and how both industries might develop as technologies improve.

Johanna Pirker

Technology Convergence

Frontmatter

Sports in the Third Connected Age

Abstract

In this chapter, Tobaccowala looks back on how sports were impacted by the first two connected ages and forward to the key changes expected to sports fan experience, the monetization of sports, and the nature of sports in the Third Connected Age. He also explores the implications and ramifications of this new age for sports leaders. Finally, he outlines three key steps for success: changing thinking, investing in education, and focusing on partnerships.

Rishad Tobaccowala

Navigating the Web3 Landscape: A Forward-Looking Perspective on the Future of Sports Business for Athletes, Consumers, and Management

Abstract

As the world continues to progress into the digital age, sports are also evolving into a new landscape. Web3 technology is one of the most exciting developments in the digital realm and has the potential to revolutionize the sports business as we know it. In this chapter, Raveh explores the future of sports in the web3 era–focusing on future athletes, sports consumers, and management. He begins by introducing GenAlpha and community building in the sports business then dives into the fundamentals of web3 technology and its potential applications in sports. Finally, he discusses the impact of web3 technology on sports consumption, athletes, and management, as well as its potential for growth in the global sports technology startup scene.

Amir Raveh

Imagining the Future of Fandom

Abstract

In this guided exploration of the future fan experience, Palmer first offers advice on what should be prioritized—from the fan and the story to different levels of innovation. Next, he explores the technology available and possible to make the experience entertaining, seamless, and safe. Finally, he explores the data management systems necessary. “What’s next?” he asks. It’s up to you!

Shelly Palmer

Outlook

Frontmatter

Impossible Sports

Abstract

To illustrate how future technologies will shape future sports, Subirana and Laguarte explore an imaginary future—following a fictional character and her family through a day in their lives. They highlight potential applications of technologies in the fields of the Internet of things, robotics and automation, information processing, communications, and legal programming in new sports. The chapter also explores potential sports that, beyond entertainment, could solve real-life problems or otherwise improve society with examples like improved human relationships with animals, increased safety from environmental dangers, and more efficient smart cities.

Brian Subirana, Jordi Laguarte Soler

Beyond 2030: What Sports Will Look like for the Athletes, Consumers, and Managers

Abstract

In this chapter, Schmidt and Stoneham take a long-term perspective on the impact of technology on sports from the viewpoints of athletes, consumers, and managers. Drawing on predictions from experts in this second edition of 21st Century Sports: How Technologies Will Change Sports in the Digital Age and their own research, the authors paint a picture of what the future of sports will be like in the next three decades. They even venture beyond the thirty-year mark, providing a glimpse of what may come and some direction for navigating the unknown.

Sascha L. Schmidt, Katsume Stoneham

Titel: 21st Century Sports
herausgegeben von: Sascha L. Schmidt
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Electronic ISBN: 978-3-031-38981-8
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-38980-1
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38981-8