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01.08.2024 | Research Paper

A Cross-Cultural Evaluation of Diener’s Tripartite Model of Subjective Well-Being Across 16 Countries

verfasst von: Veljko Jovanović, Maksim Rudnev, Christ Billy Aryanto, Beatrice Adriana Balgiu, Corrado Caudek, Jesus Alfonso D. Datu, Tharina Guse, Theodoros Kyriazos, Louise Lambert, Krishna Kumar Mishra, Rogelio Puente-Díaz, Sean P. M. Rice, Kamlesh Singh, Katsunori Sumi, Kwok Kit Tong, Saad Yaaqeib, Murat Yıldırım, Gaja Zager Kocjan, Magdalena Żemojtel-Piotrowska

Erschienen in: Journal of Happiness Studies | Ausgabe 6/2024

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Abstract

Subjective well-being (SWB) is a multidimensional construct with three components (i.e., life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect) comprising the tripartite model. Yet, despite numerous studies in the field of SWB, the cross-cultural validity of the tripartite structure is still largely unknown. The present study evaluated competing models of SWB’s structure across 16 countries (N = 8860 undergraduate students; age range = 18–29 years; 63.6% female) and examined its measurement invariance using both exact and approximate approaches. The exploratory structural equation model (ESEM) of tripartite SWB that allowed small cross-loadings provided the best fit to the data in the majority of countries, and it demonstrated a high level of approximate invariance, which allows for a comparison of means across countries. A bifactor model with an omitted Positive Affect factor also fit well in all samples making the measurement of the general SWB possible; however, it was less robust for cross-cultural comparisons. The correlations between the three latent SWB factors were consistent across most countries, with a few meaningful exceptions. We conclude that ESEM model represents the tripartite structure of SWB robustly both within and across countries.

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Fußnoten
1
Omega was based on the simplest single-factor CFA models.
 
2
Please note that due to differences in response scales, fixing all the loadings to one resulted in a slightly higher contribution of SPANE items to the common factor.
 
3
From a theoretical point of view, it is unclear whether Negative Affect and Life Satisfaction factors should correlate in this case, as in the classic bifactor model they represented “residual factors” meant to accommodate for the not-so-meaningful covariance beside the common SWB factor. In the S-1 model, allowing for the correlation, these residual factors can be correlated, and it may make them meaningful representations of negative affect and life satisfaction, but then the meaning of the uncorrelated general factor turns out unclear – if the general factor represents general SWB then it must correlate with Negative Affect and Life Satisfaction. The correlations between Negative Affect and Life Satisfaction in this model were small, negative (except for India-English), and occasionally significant (see Table S6). We additionally ran the models with the uncorrelated Negative Affect and Life Satisfaction factors and got virtually the same results with negligibly lower fit indices.
 
4
Indeed, in the pooled sample, the classic bifactor-ESEM model was problematic in several ways: it estimated non-significant factor loadings on the Positive Affect factor and a negative residual variance of one of the indicators.
 
5
Likewise, ancillary indices showed a relatively weak common factor. Explained common variance estimated in the CFA, ESEM, and the fixed bifactor-CFA was .07, .12, and .57, respectively; percent of uncontaminated correlations for all models was .71; and Omega hierarchical was .17, .32, and .41, respectively, indicating a fair degree of multidimensionality.
 
6
The inclusion of the fully exploratory ESEM in the alignment procedure was problematic. In particular, the flexibility of ESEM combined with alignment made the “label switching” possible where the same labels were assigned to different factors. For instance, what was identified as the Life Satisfaction factor in Japan had weak loadings on life satisfaction indicators (despite the target set for them), whereas these same indicators loaded on the Positive and Negative Affect factors, thus representing a bipolar positive vs. negative affect dimension.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
A Cross-Cultural Evaluation of Diener’s Tripartite Model of Subjective Well-Being Across 16 Countries
verfasst von
Veljko Jovanović
Maksim Rudnev
Christ Billy Aryanto
Beatrice Adriana Balgiu
Corrado Caudek
Jesus Alfonso D. Datu
Tharina Guse
Theodoros Kyriazos
Louise Lambert
Krishna Kumar Mishra
Rogelio Puente-Díaz
Sean P. M. Rice
Kamlesh Singh
Katsunori Sumi
Kwok Kit Tong
Saad Yaaqeib
Murat Yıldırım
Gaja Zager Kocjan
Magdalena Żemojtel-Piotrowska
Publikationsdatum
01.08.2024
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in
Journal of Happiness Studies / Ausgabe 6/2024
Print ISSN: 1389-4978
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7780
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-024-00781-4