1 Introduction
2 Finite element model
Components | Elastic modulus (GPa) | Density (kg/m3) | Poisson ratio | Yield stress (MPa) | Tangent modulus (GPa) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rim | 213 | 7800 | 0.3 | 561 | 21 |
Web | 216 | 7800 | 0.3 | 395 | 21 |
Hub | 213 | 7800 | 0.3 | 417 | 21 |
Axle | 206 | 7800 | 0.3 | – | – |
Rail | 193 | 7800 | 0.3 | 525 | 19 |