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Erschienen in: Asia Pacific Journal of Management 2/2021

23.08.2019

A multi-country, multi-sector replication challenge to the validity of the cultural tightness-looseness measure

verfasst von: Len J. Treviño, Carolyn P. Egri, David A. Ralston, Irina Naoumova, Olivier Furrer, Yongjuan Li, Fidel León Darder, María Teresa de la Garza Carranza

Erschienen in: Asia Pacific Journal of Management | Ausgabe 2/2021

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Abstract

In this study, we assess the internal and external validity of Gelfand et al.’s (2011) recently developed measure of cultural tightness-looseness (CTL). Our study is composed of six countries (China, Mexico, Netherlands Russia, Spain, U.S.) with three subsamples (business professionals, K-12 teachers, college students) per country. For these 18 subsamples, confirmatory factor analyses failed to support the unidimensional structure of the 6-item CTL measure. Exploratory factor analyses provided further evidence that the 6-item CTL measure does not have a unidimensional structure across cultures. Additionally, inter-rater agreement analyses did not support the use of aggregated scores to construct country-level scores for the CTL index. We also found that country rankings of CTL scores (in total and for subsamples) were substantively different from those reported by Gelfand et al. (2011). Further country-level correlation analyses yielded mixed support for the external validity of the CTL scores. We conclude with a commentary on the implications of our study for cross-cultural research.

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Fußnoten
1
Harrington and Gelfand’s (2014) CTL index was based on state-level strength of punishment (e.g., legality of corporal punishment in schools, rate of executions), permissiveness (e.g., legality of same-sex civil unions, access to alcohol), religiosity, and foreign percentage of state population.
 
2
In the country subsample EFAs, one factor was extracted for China (professionals, students), Netherlands (schoolteachers), Russia (professionals, students, schoolteachers), and Spain (schoolteachers) with significant negative reverse-scored CTL4 item loadings for China and Russia subsamples. For the other subsamples, two factors were extracted for China (schoolteachers), Mexico (students), Netherlands (professionals, students), Spain (professionals, students), U.S. (professionals, students); and three factors were extracted for Mexico (professionals, schoolteachers).
 
3
ANOVA post hoc group comparisons without covariates showed the same CTL rankings for countries in total, and with two exceptions, for country subsamples. For the student subsamples, Spain had a similar (rather than higher) score to Russia. For the teacher subsamples, China had a higher (rather than similar) score to Spain.
 
4
Gelfand et al. (2011: S12) also report using country scores from different WVS survey waves for correlation analyses relating to ‘religion’ and ‘challenge to institutions’ items (Table S3). Specifically, they report using scores from the 1995 wave of the World Values Survey (wave 3) for the majority of countries with scores obtained from subsequent waves for four countries (2000 wave for Israel and Singapore; 2005 wave for Hong Kong and Malaysia). However, examination of survey documentation on the World Values Survey website (www.​worldvaluessurve​y.​org) show that the WVS wave 3 (1995–98) did not include eight countries (Austria, Belgium, France, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal). Hence, it is unclear which country scores were used for these correlations which had country sample sizes of N = 29 to N = 31.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
A multi-country, multi-sector replication challenge to the validity of the cultural tightness-looseness measure
verfasst von
Len J. Treviño
Carolyn P. Egri
David A. Ralston
Irina Naoumova
Olivier Furrer
Yongjuan Li
Fidel León Darder
María Teresa de la Garza Carranza
Publikationsdatum
23.08.2019
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Asia Pacific Journal of Management / Ausgabe 2/2021
Print ISSN: 0217-4561
Elektronische ISSN: 1572-9958
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-019-09682-0

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