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Erschienen in:
Introduction: Inclusiveness in Development Strategies and Policies Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2022 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

A Note on Unemployment and Its Measurement in India

verfasst von : Sripad Motiram

Erschienen in: Perspectives on Inclusive Policies for Development in India

Verlag: Springer Nature Singapore

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Abstract

This paper sheds light on unemployment in India by drawing on literature that takes the connections between poverty measurement and the measurement of unemployment seriously and develops distribution sensitive measures. I first summarize the insights from this literature and discuss a distribution sensitive measure of unemployment from my previous work. I then present estimates of unemployment for India and various states using the above measure and an official measure (Current Weekly Status). These estimates are high both at the all-India level and for several states and union territories. Using decomposition analysis, I show that younger people contribute substantially and disproportionately to overall Indian unemployment. These findings underscore the gravity of unemployment in India, particularly among educated youth.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Poverty in India: Measurement, Trends and Other Issues
Nächstes Kapitel Towards Inclusive Urbanisation in India
Fußnoten
1
UPSS has also been referred to as Usual Status.
 
2
See the reports from various surveys of employment and unemployment situation conducted by National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) e.g., NSS (2013).
 
3
I will also discuss the assumptions that are needed to generate estimates in Figs. 1 and 2, but to state them briefly here: (i) those unemployed on a particular day are assumed to be so for the entire day, and (ii) those in the labor force are assumed to be so for the entire day. This implies that the length of the working day is the same for everyone, although it is different in reality.
 
4
An expert group of the Ministry of Statistics Planning and Implementation (MOSPI) looking into the 62nd round of the employment and unemployment survey also recommended a time use survey.
 
5
Organized by the International Labour Office (ILO) in Geneva during 2–3 October 2013, see: https://​www.​ilo.​org/​wcmsp5/​groups/​public/​-dgreports/​-stat/​documents/​publication/​wcms_​220535.​pdf.
 
6
For details, see: http://​mospi.​nic.​in/​time-use-survey. Previously, a pilot time use survey was conducted in 1998–99 covering six states in different regions of India. The details of this survey are given in Hirway (2009).
 
7
While not strictly comparable, for purely suggestive purposes, the 68th round (2011–12) CWS unemployment estimates (see NSS (2013), table S32) can be examined. For males and females in rural India, these are: 3.3% and 3.5%, respectively. The corresponding figures for urban areas are: 3.8% and 6.7%, respectively.
 
8
Percentage calculated by examining general educational attainment of individuals with unemployed CWS status.
 
9
A few older studies on India (e.g., World Bank 2010, 2012) are still relevant in this context.
 
Literatur
Chakravarty, S. R. (2009). Inequality, polarization and poverty: Advances in distributional analysis. Springer.CrossRef
Economist. (2013a). Work and the young: Generation jobless.
Economist. (2013b). Angry young Indians: What a waste?
Hirway, I. (2009). Mainstreaming time use surveys in national statistical systems in India. Economic Political Weekly, 44(49), 56–65.
Kannan, K. P., & Raveendran, G. (2009). Growth sans employment: A quarter century of jobless growth in India’s organised manufacturing. Economic Political Weekly, 44(10), 80–91.
Lambert, P. J. (2009). Mini-symposium: The 1990, 1992 and 1993 papers on distributionally sensitive measures of unemployment by Manimay Sengupta and Anthony Shorrocks. Journal of Economic Inequality, 7(3), 269–271.CrossRef
Motiram, S., & Naraparaju, K. (2018). Unemployment burden and its distribution: Theory and evidence from India. Review of Development Economics, 22, 787–807.CrossRef
NCEUS. (2008). Report on definitional and statistical issues relating to informal economy, national commission on enterprises in the unorganized sector, Government of India, New Delhi.
NSS. (2013). Annual report: Survey on employment and unemployment situation, July 2011–June 2012, National Sample Survey Office, New Delhi.
NSS. (2020). Annual report: Periodic labour force survey, July 2018–June 2019, National Sample Survey Office, New Delhi.
Paul, S. (1991). On the measurement of unemployment. Journal of Development Economics, 36(2), 395–404.CrossRef
Shorrocks, A. (2009). On the measurement of unemployment. The Journal of Economic Inequality, 7(3), 311–327.CrossRef
Thomas, J. J. (2012). India’s labour market during the 2000s—Surveying the changes. Economic and Political Weekly, 67(51), 39–51.
Wadhwa, W., & Ramaswami, B. (2012). The measurement of unemployment. In K. Basu & A. Maertens (Eds.), The new Oxford companion to economics in India (pp. 718–721). Oxford University Press.
World Bank. (2010). India’s employment challenge: Creating jobs. Oxford University Press.
World Bank. (2012). More and better jobs in South Asia. Oxford University Press.
Metadaten
Titel
A Note on Unemployment and Its Measurement in India
verfasst von
Sripad Motiram
Copyright-Jahr
2022
Verlag
Springer Nature Singapore
Buch
Perspectives on Inclusive Policies for Development in India

Print ISBN: 978-981-19-0184-3

Electronic ISBN: 978-981-19-0185-0

Copyright-Jahr: 2022

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0185-0_14