A novel quantum ring signature scheme without using entangled states

Ring signature is widely used in e-commerce and voting systems because of its excellent anonymity. Some schemes have quantum ring signatures that require the use of hard-to-prepare GHZ entangled states. In this paper, a quantum ring signature scheme without entanglement based on a single photon and one-way function is proposed. The legitimate user can use one-way function to encrypt information, and the results are controlled by Hadamard gate operation with a single photon to generate a quantum signature. The verifier performs the Hadamard gate inverse operation on the signature to restore the information and complete the verification. The entire scheme process is anonymously transmitted, which protects the identity of the signer. The scheme introduces arbitration participation verification instead of repeated verification by verifiers, which simplifies the steps of the scheme while ensuring the unforgeability of the signature, because no entangled state is used, the scheme can reduce the complexity and cost of implementation, at the same time, the scheme is secure.