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2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

5. A Review of the Nature of Foreign Aid to the Energy Sector over the Last Two Decades

verfasst von : Luis Gomez-Echeverri

Erschienen in: Aid Effectiveness for Environmental Sustainability

Verlag: Springer Singapore

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Abstract

Chap. 5 reviews the key enabling conditions of transforming the energy system and the foreign aid policy prerequisites which will determine, to a large extent, its impacts on global climate change as well as how such systems can adapt to a context of growing energy scarcity. It is argued that support of sustainable energy, until recently, has been the stepchild of foreign aid and its efficacy has thus been questioned. The review here suggests that while there is still much room for improvement in terms of effective use of foreign aid for sustainable energy and climate protection, things have been getting better. It is also pointed out that foreign aid has been instrumental in promoting many renewables and efficiency projects that would possibly have not been implemented in developing countries without official development assistance flows.

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Fußnoten
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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development-Development Assistance Committee (OECD-DAC) is the forum of selected members of the OECD established as a platform for discussing issues on aid to developing countries. The forum includes the World Bank, the IMF and UNDP as observers.
 
2
Some of this data belongs to some countries (e.g. China) and some NGOs which do not have efficient mechanisms for sharing their data, and some businesses (which in practice do not share certain data due to fears of competition).
 
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4
 
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6
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The lower and higher figures are provided by the World Energy Outlook, Special Excerpt on Energy Poverty and the Global Energy Assessment respectively.
 
8
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11
The Paris Agreement was reached at the 21st Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC. It requires all Parties to declare their efforts to address climate change through their nationally determined contributions and to continue to strengthen these efforts in years ahead. It is the first time that all nations agreed to commit to such targets.
 
12
The Sustainable Energy for All initiative (www.​sustainableenerg​yforall.​org/) was launched by the UN Secretary General at the GA session of 2011. The initiative seeks to promote three goals, all to be reached by 2030: energy access for all, a doubling of energy efficiency improvements in the developing world, and a doubling of the share of renewable energy in global final energy mixes.
 
13
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On September 25, 2015, countries adopted a set of goals to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for all as part of a new sustainable development agenda. www.​un.​org
 
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Energy+ is an initiative of the government of Norway to promote access to energy and low-carbon development in developing nations.
 
16
These are the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions identified the actions that countries intended to take under the Paris Agreement. In their INDCs (to be converted to NDCs after the Paris Agreement came into force), countries outlined the actions they are taking to reduce GHG emissions and other climate-related action, including adaptation measures.
 
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See the reports of the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves for examples of this attention, available at: www.​cleancookstoves.​org/​resources/​reports-and-research/​
 
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26
‘Tied’ aid refers to the type of aid which is directly linked to an obligation to purchase goods and services from the country providing the foreign aid.
 
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29
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43
Multilateral financial institutions in this reference include the World Bank and the regional development banks: African Development Bank, Asian Development Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank.
 
44
One example of such an independent information source is www.​climatefundsupda​te.​org, which regularly tracks climate change financing.
 
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OECD (The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) (2010). Better Aid: Evaluation in Development Agencies. Paris: OECD Publishing.
 
46
The UN Energy website (www.​unenergy.​org) provides a full table with a list of activities by agency in each of these areas.
 
47
ESMAP (www.​esmap.​org) has operated in over 100 countries through more than 800 activities covering a broad range of energy issues.
 
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United Nations Industrial Development Organization.
 
49
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
 
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International Atomic Energy Agency.
 
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The Paris Declaration was agreed in 2005 by the OECD-DAC group of donors and is based on five principles to make aid more effective: ownership by recipient countries, alignment of aid to the recipient-developed strategies, harmonization among donors, focus on results, and mutual accountability.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
A Review of the Nature of Foreign Aid to the Energy Sector over the Last Two Decades
verfasst von
Luis Gomez-Echeverri
Copyright-Jahr
2018
Verlag
Springer Singapore
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5379-5_5