A Review on Geothermal Energy Piles—An Alternative Geotechnical Solution for Sustainable Infrastructure

This paper explores the increasing consideration toward geothermal energy piles (GEPs) in the construction industry as an environmentally friendly and economically viable approach for building temperature regulation. The geothermal energy piles leverage stable ground temperatures below shallow depths to function as a heat sink or heat source for ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems. The GSHP system, comprising of a heat pump unit, heat exchanger, and heat transfer pipes, makes these GEPs extract or transfer heat between the ground and the building. This reduces our dependency on conventional cooling and heating methods, thereby minimizing harmful greenhouse gas emissions. This paper delves into the two primary GEP types: driven (displacement) piles and bored (non-displacement) piles. It aims to provide a wide-ranging review of the available literature on the practical application and implementation of GEPs, encompassing their various types, designs, construction methods, benefits, and challenges. Furthermore, the paper summarizes case studies from around the world showcasing the use, advantages, and limitations of GEP implementation. It also compares different types of GEPs to highlight their relative merits. By compiling existing research on GEP foundations, this paper aims to promote the extensive adoption of GEPs as a feasible alternative energy source within the Indian construction industry, fostering a reduction in the sector’s carbon footprint.