Skip to main content

2023 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

A Spatial Analysis of the Instagram Hashtag #happy: An Assessment of Toronto

verfasst von : Eric Vaz

Erschienen in: Geography of Happiness

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The advances in smartphones have allowed a pervasive creation of media content. In the case of Instagram, this digital content is image often with a charge of emotional content, allowing by means of textual analysis of specific hashtags to better understand subjective emotional states of users. I explore the use of Instagram, a leading photo-sharing application, to analyze the sentiment analysis of georeferenced data aligned to perception of happiness. This is achieved by images with a given hashtag related to textual interpretation of the state of subjective well-being. These hashtags are then geocoded, allowing conducting a spatially explicit exploratory assessment. (i) A first spatial construct is presented looking at the spatial autocorrelation patterns at global and local level. (ii) Following this, a land use analysis is carried forth as to understand the morphology of land use in the region. (iii) Finally, I construct a land use accounting proxy by means of correlation coefficients using Kendall tau-b correlation. The research is framed within the importance of adding large datasets of social media to the social sciences with geographical analysis offering a new definition for regional science.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
1
A hashtag is a word or an unspaced phrase prefixed with the number sign (“#”). Used as a metadata tag, it is a common practice in microblogging and social mediaing services such as Instagram, Twitter, and Faceboook.
 
2
selfie (noun): an image that includes oneself (often with another person or as part of a group) and is taken by oneself using a digital camera especially for posting on social networks (in Merriam-Webster (https://​www.​merriam-webster.​com/​dictionary/​selfie, consulted on: Oct 17, 2022).
 
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Acquisti, A., Gross, R., (2006). Imagined communities: Awareness, information sharing, and privacy on the Facebook, 4258, 36–58; Danezis, G., Golle, P. (Ed.). Lecture notes in computer science: privacy enhancing technologies. Springer: Dordrecht. Acquisti, A., Gross, R., (2006). Imagined communities: Awareness, information sharing, and privacy on the Facebook, 4258, 36–58; Danezis, G., Golle, P. (Ed.). Lecture notes in computer science: privacy enhancing technologies. Springer: Dordrecht.
Zurück zum Zitat Ahmadiani, M., Brereton, F., Ferreira, S., & Moro, M. (2020). Spatial variation in life satisfaction: A happiness puzzle. Edward Elgar Publishing. Ahmadiani, M., Brereton, F., Ferreira, S., & Moro, M. (2020). Spatial variation in life satisfaction: A happiness puzzle. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Zurück zum Zitat Anselin, L. (1999). The future of spatial analysis in the social sciences, geographic information sciences. A Journal of the Association of Chinese Professionals in Geographic Information Systems, 5(2), 67–76. Anselin, L. (1999). The future of spatial analysis in the social sciences, geographic information sciences. A Journal of the Association of Chinese Professionals in Geographic Information Systems, 5(2), 67–76.
Zurück zum Zitat Arsanjani, J. J., & Vaz, E. (2015). An assessment of a collaborative mapping approach for exploring land use patterns for several European metropolises. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 35, 329–337. Arsanjani, J. J., & Vaz, E. (2015). An assessment of a collaborative mapping approach for exploring land use patterns for several European metropolises. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation35, 329–337.
Zurück zum Zitat Ballas, D., & Dorling, D. (2013). The geography of happiness. The Oxford Handbook of Happiness, 54, 465–481. Ballas, D., & Dorling, D. (2013). The geography of happiness. The Oxford Handbook of Happiness, 54, 465–481.
Zurück zum Zitat Berejnoi, E., Ulluwishewa, R., Cloutier, S., Gibbons, L., Puga, S., & Uthumange, A. (2019). Spirituality: The missing link of sustainability and happiness as a framework for holistic development. In Perspectives on community well-being (pp. 203–224). Springer, Cham. Berejnoi, E., Ulluwishewa, R., Cloutier, S., Gibbons, L., Puga, S., & Uthumange, A. (2019). Spirituality: The missing link of sustainability and happiness as a framework for holistic development. In Perspectives on community well-being (pp. 203–224). Springer, Cham.
Zurück zum Zitat Brereton, F., Clinch, J. P., & Ferreira, S. (2008). Happiness, geography and the environment. Ecological Economics, 65(2), 386–396.CrossRef Brereton, F., Clinch, J. P., & Ferreira, S. (2008). Happiness, geography and the environment. Ecological Economics, 65(2), 386–396.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Burger, M. J., Morrison, P. S., Hendriks, M., & Hoogerbrugge, M. M. (2020). Urban-rural happiness differentials across the world. World Happiness Report, 2020, 66–93. Burger, M. J., Morrison, P. S., Hendriks, M., & Hoogerbrugge, M. M. (2020). Urban-rural happiness differentials across the world. World Happiness Report, 2020, 66–93.
Zurück zum Zitat Choi, N., Kim, J., & Lee, S. J. (2020). The usefulness of intersubjective community wellbeing as a community development indicator: Evidence from comparing three approaches to measuring community wellbeing. International Journal of Community Well-Being, 1–20. Choi, N., Kim, J., & Lee, S. J. (2020). The usefulness of intersubjective community wellbeing as a community development indicator: Evidence from comparing three approaches to measuring community wellbeing. International Journal of Community Well-Being, 1–20.
Zurück zum Zitat Collins, A. L., Sarkisian, N., & Winner, E. (2009). Flow and happiness in later life: An investigation into the role of daily and weekly flow experiences. Collins, A. L., Sarkisian, N., & Winner, E. (2009). Flow and happiness in later life: An investigation into the role of daily and weekly flow experiences.
Zurück zum Zitat Conceição, P., & Bandura, R. (2008). Measuring subjective wellbeing: A summary review of the literature. United nations development programme (UNDP) development studies, working paper. Conceição, P., & Bandura, R. (2008). Measuring subjective wellbeing: A summary review of the literature. United nations development programme (UNDP) development studies, working paper.
Zurück zum Zitat Conover, 1980 Conover, W. J. (1980). Practical nonparametric statistics. New York. Conover, 1980 Conover, W. J. (1980). Practical nonparametric statistics. New York.
Zurück zum Zitat Currid, E., & Williams, S. (2010). The geography of buzz: Art, culture and the social milieu in Los Angeles and New York. Journal of economic geography, 10(3), 423-451. Currid, E., & Williams, S. (2010). The geography of buzz: Art, culture and the social milieu in Los Angeles and New York. Journal of economic geography, 10(3), 423-451.
Zurück zum Zitat Davern, M., Gunn, L., Whitzman, C., Higgs, C., Giles-Corti, B., Simons, K., Badland, H., et al. (2017). Using spatial measures to test a conceptual model of social infrastructure that supports health and wellbeing. Cities & Health, 1(2), 194–209.CrossRef Davern, M., Gunn, L., Whitzman, C., Higgs, C., Giles-Corti, B., Simons, K., Badland, H., et al. (2017). Using spatial measures to test a conceptual model of social infrastructure that supports health and wellbeing. Cities & Health, 1(2), 194–209.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Delle Fave, A., Brdar, I., Freire, T., Vella-Brodrick, D., & Wissing, M. P. (2011). The eudaimonic and hedonic components of happiness: Qualitative and quantitative findings. Social Indicators Research, 100(2), 185–207.CrossRef Delle Fave, A., Brdar, I., Freire, T., Vella-Brodrick, D., & Wissing, M. P. (2011). The eudaimonic and hedonic components of happiness: Qualitative and quantitative findings. Social Indicators Research, 100(2), 185–207.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Diener, E. (1994). Assessing subjective well-being: Progress and opportunities.Social indicators research, 31(2), 103–157. Diener, E. (1994). Assessing subjective well-being: Progress and opportunities.Social indicators research31(2), 103–157.
Zurück zum Zitat Dodds, P. S., & Danforth, C. M. (2010). Measuring the happiness of large-scale written expression: Songs blogs, and presidents. Journal of Happiness Studies, 11(4), 441–456.CrossRef Dodds, P. S., & Danforth, C. M. (2010). Measuring the happiness of large-scale written expression: Songs blogs, and presidents. Journal of Happiness Studies, 11(4), 441–456.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Durahim, A. O., & Coşkun, M. (2015). # iamhappybecause: Gross national happiness through Twitter analysis and big data. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 99, 92–105.CrossRef Durahim, A. O., & Coşkun, M. (2015). # iamhappybecause: Gross national happiness through Twitter analysis and big data. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 99, 92–105.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Elwood, S., Goodchild, M. F., & Sui, D. (2012). Researching volunteered geographic information: Spatial data, geographic research, and new social practice. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 102(3), 571–590.CrossRef Elwood, S., Goodchild, M. F., & Sui, D. (2012). Researching volunteered geographic information: Spatial data, geographic research, and new social practice. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 102(3), 571–590.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Erdogan, S. (2009). Explorative spatial analysis of traffic accident statistics and road mortality among the provinces of Turkey. Journal of safety research, 40(5), 341–351. Erdogan, S. (2009). Explorative spatial analysis of traffic accident statistics and road mortality among the provinces of Turkey. Journal of safety research, 40(5), 341–351.
Zurück zum Zitat Ferreira, S., & Moro, M. (2010). On the use of subjective well-being data for environmental valuation. Environmental and Resource Economics, 46(3), 249–273.CrossRef Ferreira, S., & Moro, M. (2010). On the use of subjective well-being data for environmental valuation. Environmental and Resource Economics, 46(3), 249–273.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat George, L. K. (2010). Still happy after all these years: Research frontiers on subjective well-being in later life. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 65(3), 331–339.CrossRef George, L. K. (2010). Still happy after all these years: Research frontiers on subjective well-being in later life. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 65(3), 331–339.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Getis, A. (2008). A history of the concept of spatial autocorrelation: A geographer's perspective. Geographical analysis, 40(3), 297–309. Getis, A. (2008). A history of the concept of spatial autocorrelation: A geographer's perspective. Geographical analysis, 40(3), 297–309.
Zurück zum Zitat Graham, C. (2005). The Economics of Happiness. World Economics, 6(3), 41–55. Graham, C. (2005). The Economics of Happiness. World Economics, 6(3), 41–55.
Zurück zum Zitat Hagerty, M. R., & Veenhoven, R. (2003). Wealth and happiness revisited–growing national income does go with greater happiness. Social Indicators Research, 64(1), 1–27.CrossRef Hagerty, M. R., & Veenhoven, R. (2003). Wealth and happiness revisited–growing national income does go with greater happiness. Social Indicators Research, 64(1), 1–27.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Helliwell, J. F., Gyarmati, D., Joyce, C., & Orpana, H. (2020). Building an epidemiology of happiness (No. w28095). National Bureau of Economic Research. Helliwell, J. F., Gyarmati, D., Joyce, C., & Orpana, H. (2020). Building an epidemiology of happiness (No. w28095). National Bureau of Economic Research.
Zurück zum Zitat Jaidka, K., Giorgi, S., Schwartz, H. A., Kern, M. L., Ungar, L. H., & Eichstaedt, J. C. (2020). Estimating geographic subjective well-being from Twitter: A comparison of dictionary and data-driven language methods. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(19), 10165–10171.CrossRef Jaidka, K., Giorgi, S., Schwartz, H. A., Kern, M. L., Ungar, L. H., & Eichstaedt, J. C. (2020). Estimating geographic subjective well-being from Twitter: A comparison of dictionary and data-driven language methods. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(19), 10165–10171.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat John, N. A. (2013). The social logics of sharing. Communication Review, 16(3), 113–131.CrossRef John, N. A. (2013). The social logics of sharing. Communication Review, 16(3), 113–131.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kent, J. D., & Capello, H. T., Jr. (2013). Spatial patterns and demographic indicators of effective social media content during theHorsethief Canyon fire of 2012. Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 40(2), 78–89.CrossRef Kent, J. D., & Capello, H. T., Jr. (2013). Spatial patterns and demographic indicators of effective social media content during theHorsethief Canyon fire of 2012. Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 40(2), 78–89.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kim, M., Park, S. O., Joo, W.-K., Choi, K., Jeong, Y.-S., & Kim, Y.-K. (2013). Tag based collaborative knowledge management system with crowdsourcing. Journal of Internet Technology, 14(5), 859–866. Kim, M., Park, S. O., Joo, W.-K., Choi, K., Jeong, Y.-S., & Kim, Y.-K. (2013). Tag based collaborative knowledge management system with crowdsourcing. Journal of Internet Technology, 14(5), 859–866.
Zurück zum Zitat Ko, S. M., Chang, W. S., & Ji, Y. G. (2013). Usability principles for augmented reality applications in a smartphone environment. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 29(8), 501–515.CrossRef Ko, S. M., Chang, W. S., & Ji, Y. G. (2013). Usability principles for augmented reality applications in a smartphone environment. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 29(8), 501–515.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kroll, C. (2014). Towards a sociology of happiness: The case of an age perspective on the social context of well-being. Sociological Research Online, 19(2), 1–18.CrossRef Kroll, C. (2014). Towards a sociology of happiness: The case of an age perspective on the social context of well-being. Sociological Research Online, 19(2), 1–18.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lakens, D. (2013). Using a smartphone to measure heart rate changes during relived happiness and anger. IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, 4(2), 238–241.CrossRef Lakens, D. (2013). Using a smartphone to measure heart rate changes during relived happiness and anger. IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, 4(2), 238–241.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lathia, N., Sandstrom, G. M., Mascolo, C., & Rentfrow, P. J. (2017). Happier people live more active lives: Using smartphones to link happiness and physical activity. PLoS ONE, 12(1), e0160589.CrossRef Lathia, N., Sandstrom, G. M., Mascolo, C., & Rentfrow, P. J. (2017). Happier people live more active lives: Using smartphones to link happiness and physical activity. PLoS ONE, 12(1), e0160589.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lew, B., Huen, J., Yu, P., Yuan, L., Wang, D. F., Ping, F., Jia, C. X., et al. (2019). Associations between depression, anxiety, stress, hopelessness, subjective well-being, coping styles and suicide in Chinese university students. PLoS ONE, 14(7), e0217372.CrossRef Lew, B., Huen, J., Yu, P., Yuan, L., Wang, D. F., Ping, F., Jia, C. X., et al. (2019). Associations between depression, anxiety, stress, hopelessness, subjective well-being, coping styles and suicide in Chinese university students. PLoS ONE, 14(7), e0217372.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Linley, P. A., Maltby, J., Wood, A. M., Osborne, G., & Hurling, R. (2009). Measuring happiness: The higher order factor structure of subjective and psychological well-being measures. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(8), 878–884.CrossRef Linley, P. A., Maltby, J., Wood, A. M., Osborne, G., & Hurling, R. (2009). Measuring happiness: The higher order factor structure of subjective and psychological well-being measures. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(8), 878–884.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mavruk, C., Kıral, E., & Kıral, G. (2020). Spatial effects over time-framed happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 1–38. Mavruk, C., Kıral, E., & Kıral, G. (2020). Spatial effects over time-framed happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 1–38.
Zurück zum Zitat Memarovic, N., Elhart, I., Michelotti, A., Rubegni, E., Langheinrich, M. (2013). Social mediated displays: Integrating networked public displays with social media. In UbiComp 2013 Adjunct—Adjunct Publication of the 2013 ACM Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (pp. 55–58). Memarovic, N., Elhart, I., Michelotti, A., Rubegni, E., Langheinrich, M. (2013). Social mediated displays: Integrating networked public displays with social media. In UbiComp 2013 Adjunct—Adjunct Publication of the 2013 ACM Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (pp. 55–58).
Zurück zum Zitat Mitchell, L., Frank, M. R., Harris, K. D., Dodds, P. S., & Danforth, C. M. (2013). The geography of happiness: Connecting twitter sentiment and expression, demographics, and objective characteristics of place. PLoS ONE, 8(5), e64417.CrossRef Mitchell, L., Frank, M. R., Harris, K. D., Dodds, P. S., & Danforth, C. M. (2013). The geography of happiness: Connecting twitter sentiment and expression, demographics, and objective characteristics of place. PLoS ONE, 8(5), e64417.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Munar, A. M., & Jacobsen, J. K. S. (2014). Motivations for sharing tourism experiences through social media. Tourism Management, 43, 46–54.CrossRef Munar, A. M., & Jacobsen, J. K. S. (2014). Motivations for sharing tourism experiences through social media. Tourism Management, 43, 46–54.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Pfeiffer, D., & Cloutier, S. (2016). Planning for happy neighborhoods. Journal of the American Planning Association, 82(3), 267–279.CrossRef Pfeiffer, D., & Cloutier, S. (2016). Planning for happy neighborhoods. Journal of the American Planning Association, 82(3), 267–279.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Qasim, M., & Grimes, A. (2022). Sustainability and wellbeing: The dynamic relationship between subjective wellbeing and sustainability indicators. Environment and Development Economics, 27(1), 1–19.CrossRef Qasim, M., & Grimes, A. (2022). Sustainability and wellbeing: The dynamic relationship between subjective wellbeing and sustainability indicators. Environment and Development Economics, 27(1), 1–19.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Rae, A., & Singleton, A. (2015). Putting big data in its place: A regional studies and regional science perspective. Regional Studies, Regional Science, 2(1), 1–5.CrossRef Rae, A., & Singleton, A. (2015). Putting big data in its place: A regional studies and regional science perspective. Regional Studies, Regional Science, 2(1), 1–5.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Requena, F. (2015). Rural–urban living and level of economic development as factors in subjective well-being. Social Indicators Research, 1–16. Requena, F. (2015). Rural–urban living and level of economic development as factors in subjective well-being. Social Indicators Research, 1–16.
Zurück zum Zitat Rey, S. J., & Montouri, B. D. (1999). US regional income convergence: A spatial econometric perspective. Regional Studies, 33(2), 143–156.CrossRef Rey, S. J., & Montouri, B. D. (1999). US regional income convergence: A spatial econometric perspective. Regional Studies, 33(2), 143–156.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ruggeri, K., Garcia-Garzon, E., Maguire, Á., Matz, S., & Huppert, F. A. (2020). Well-being is more than happiness and life satisfaction: A multidimensional analysis of 21 countries. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 18(1), 1–16.CrossRef Ruggeri, K., Garcia-Garzon, E., Maguire, Á., Matz, S., & Huppert, F. A. (2020). Well-being is more than happiness and life satisfaction: A multidimensional analysis of 21 countries. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 18(1), 1–16.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Soukiazis, E., & Ramos, S. (2016). The structure of subjective well-being and its determinants: A micro-data study for Portugal. Social Indicators Research, 126(3), 1375–1399.CrossRef Soukiazis, E., & Ramos, S. (2016). The structure of subjective well-being and its determinants: A micro-data study for Portugal. Social Indicators Research, 126(3), 1375–1399.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Tella, R. D., MacCulloch, R. J., & Oswald, A. J. (2003). The macroeconomics of happiness. Review of Economics and Statistics, 85(4), 809–827.CrossRef Tella, R. D., MacCulloch, R. J., & Oswald, A. J. (2003). The macroeconomics of happiness. Review of Economics and Statistics, 85(4), 809–827.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Torre, A. (2015). New challenges for rural areas in a fast moving environment. European Planning Studies, 23(4), 641–649.CrossRef Torre, A. (2015). New challenges for rural areas in a fast moving environment. European Planning Studies, 23(4), 641–649.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Vaz, E. (2014). Managing urban coastal areas through landscape metrics: An assessment of Mumbai’s mangrove system. Ocean & Coastal Management, 98, 27–37.CrossRef Vaz, E. (2014). Managing urban coastal areas through landscape metrics: An assessment of Mumbai’s mangrove system. Ocean & Coastal Management, 98, 27–37.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Vaz, E. (2020). Regional science, international encyclopaedia of human geography (pp. 357–367). Elsevier. Vaz, E. (2020). Regional science, international encyclopaedia of human geography (pp. 357–367). Elsevier.
Zurück zum Zitat Vaz, E., & Arsanjani, J. J. (2015). Predicting urban growth of the greater Toronto area-coupling a Markov cellular automata with document meta-analysis. Journal of Environmental Informatics, 25(2), 71–80.CrossRef Vaz, E., & Arsanjani, J. J. (2015). Predicting urban growth of the greater Toronto area-coupling a Markov cellular automata with document meta-analysis. Journal of Environmental Informatics, 25(2), 71–80.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Vaz, E., & Bowman, L. (2013). An application for regional coastal erosion processes in urban areas: A case study of the Golden Horseshoe in Canada. Land, 2(4), 595–608. Vaz, E., & Bowman, L. (2013). An application for regional coastal erosion processes in urban areas: A case study of the Golden Horseshoe in Canada. Land, 2(4), 595–608.
Zurück zum Zitat Vaz, E., Cusimano, M., & Hernandez, T. (2015). Land use perception of self-reported health: Exploratory analysis of anthropogenic land use phenotypes. Land Use Policy, 46, 232–240.CrossRef Vaz, E., Cusimano, M., & Hernandez, T. (2015). Land use perception of self-reported health: Exploratory analysis of anthropogenic land use phenotypes. Land Use Policy, 46, 232–240.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Vaz, E., Shaker, R. R., Cusimano, M. D., Loures, L., & Arsanjani, J. J. (2020). Does land use and landscape contribute to self-harm? A sustainability cities framework. Data, 5(1), 9.CrossRef Vaz, E., Shaker, R. R., Cusimano, M. D., Loures, L., & Arsanjani, J. J. (2020). Does land use and landscape contribute to self-harm? A sustainability cities framework. Data, 5(1), 9.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Vertanen, K., Kristensson, P. O. (2011). The imagination of crowds: Conversational AAC language modeling using crowdsourcing and large data sources. In EMNLP 2011—Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Proceedings of the Conference (pp. 700–711). Vertanen, K., Kristensson, P. O. (2011). The imagination of crowds: Conversational AAC language modeling using crowdsourcing and large data sources. In EMNLP 2011—Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Proceedings of the Conference (pp. 700–711).
Zurück zum Zitat Ye, L. I. U., Tong, X. I. A. O., Yuqi, L. I. U., Yingzhi, Q. I. U., Yi, L. I. U., & Zhigang, L. I. (2020). Impacts of urban built environments on residents’ subjective well-being: An analysis based on 15-minute walking distance. Progress in Geography, 39(8), 08001270. Ye, L. I. U., Tong, X. I. A. O., Yuqi, L. I. U., Yingzhi, Q. I. U., Yi, L. I. U., & Zhigang, L. I. (2020). Impacts of urban built environments on residents’ subjective well-being: An analysis based on 15-minute walking distance. Progress in Geography, 39(8), 08001270.
Zurück zum Zitat Zacher, H., & Rudolph, C. W. (2021). Individual differences and changes in subjective wellbeing during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. American Psychologist, 76(1), 50.CrossRef Zacher, H., & Rudolph, C. W. (2021). Individual differences and changes in subjective wellbeing during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. American Psychologist, 76(1), 50.CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
A Spatial Analysis of the Instagram Hashtag #happy: An Assessment of Toronto
verfasst von
Eric Vaz
Copyright-Jahr
2023
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19871-7_2