Skip to main content
Fachgebiete
Automobil + Motoren Bauwesen + Immobilien Business IT + Informatik Elektrotechnik + Elektronik Energie + Nachhaltigkeit Finance + Banking Management + Führung Marketing + Vertrieb Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe Versicherung + Risiko
DE
EN
Bücher
Zeitschriften
Themenseiten
Organisationspsychologie Projektmanagement Marketing Smart Manufacturing
Weitere Formate
Podcasts Webinare Technik Webinare Wirtschaft Kongresse Veranstaltungskalender Awards
Jetzt Einzelzugang starten
Zugang für Unternehmen
Referenzkunden
SLX-Digitalkonferenz: Zukunftswerkstatt 2024

Mehr Umsatz mit Top-Kontakten

Am 7. Mai erfahren Sie, wie Vertriebsteams Leadgenerierung, Leadnurturing und Leadstrategien effizient steuern können.
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Erschienen in:
Introduction: Technology Transfer in the Global Economy Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2012 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

5. Academic Entrepreneurship in a Resource-Constrained Environment: Diversification and Synergistic Effects

verfasst von : L. Ranmuthumalie de Silva, Elvira Uyarra, Ray Oakey

Erschienen in: Technology Transfer in a Global Economy

Verlag: Springer US

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

This chapter investigates academic entrepreneurship in a resource-­constrained environment. Sequential mixed methods are adopted in three stages, namely, an initial context-specific data-gathering stage, an on-line survey, and in-depth interviews. It is revealed that entrepreneurial activity is a means of becoming resource-rich in a resource-constrained environment. In order to extract value from their environment, academic entrepreneurs adopt diversification strategies, which generate synergies between multiple academic entrepreneurial activities. Diversifying into a greater number of different activities is found to generate more synergistic effects than diversifying into a limited number of similar activities. Nevertheless, there remain synergies between those who adopt different diversification strategies, which highlight the importance of a university having a team of different academic entrepreneurs, who complement each other. Policy implications and future research avenues are considered in conclusion.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren
Vorheriges Kapitel The Cooperative Strategy of Technology Transfer Offices: A Longitudinal Study
Nächstes Kapitel Introducing the University of Applied Science in the Technology Transfer Process
Fußnoten
1
Ability to use outputs of an initial activity as inputs for a subsequent activity.
 
2
Sri Lanka has 15 public universities. There are not any private universities other than some private institutions mainly focused on teaching. Out of the 15 universities, the University of Jaffna was excluded due to the issues related to accessibility. The University of Visual and Performing Arts was considered as a part of the University of Kelaniya since the two bodies were separated recently.
 
3
At the time of this study, Sri Lanka did not have Technology Transfer Offices, and thus, registrars were contacted to gather initial information. Even though it was attempted to contact the registrars of all 13 universities, only 8 of them responded.
 
4
query From the survey respondents, 69.8 % of which were males. Respondents consisted of 15 % professors, 54 % senior lecturers, and 31 % lecturers. There were eight major disciplines the respondents had specialised in, namely, the arts (2.5 %), social science (16.2 %), architecture (3.4 %), engineering (23.7 %), computing and information technology (5.3 %), medicine, dentistry, and veterinary practice (6.4 %), agriculture (21.8 %), and the sciences (20.7 %). Nonresponse bias tests (Armstrong and Overton 1977) revealed that respondents do not differ significantly from nonrespondents with respect to their universities X 2 (5, 1182)  =  2.976 p  =  .704  >  0.05, gender X 2 (1, 1182)  =  3.674 p  =  .06  >  .05, academic discipline X 2 (7, 1182)  =  10.410 p  =  .167  >  .05, and position X 2 (2, 1182)  =  1.015 p  =  .602  >  .05.
 
Literatur
Adesola AO (1991) The Nigerian university system: meeting the challenges of growth in a depressed economy. Higher Educ 21:121–133CrossRef
Agrawal A, Henderson R (2002) Putting patents in context: exploring knowledge transfer from MIT. Manage Sci 48:44–60CrossRef
Aldrich HE, Fiol CM (1994) Fools rush in? The institutional context of industry creation. Acad Manage Rev 19:645–670
Alexander K, Andenas M (2008) The world trade organization and trade in services. Koninklijke Brill NV, LeidenCrossRef
Alsos GA, Ljunggren EA, Pettersen LT (2003) Farm-based entrepreneurs: what triggers the start-up of new business activities? J Small Bus Enterprise Dev 10:435–443CrossRef
Ambos TC, Makela K, Birkinshaw J, D’Este P (2008) When does university research get commercialized? Creating ambidexterity in research institutions. J Manage Stud 45:1424–1447CrossRef
Arber S (2001) Designing Samples. In: Gilbert N (ed) Researching social life, 2nd edn. Sage, London, pp 58–82
Armstrong JS, Overton TS (1977) Estimating nonresponse bias in mail surveys. J Mark Res 16:396–402CrossRef
Birley S (1985) The role of networks in the entrepreneurial process. J Bus Venturing 1:107–111CrossRef
Bisbe J, Batista-Foguet JM, Chenhall R (2007) Defining management accounting constructs: a methodological note on the risks of conceptual misspecification. Account Organ Soc 32:789–820CrossRef
Black, P. 1989. A Little Help from Her Friends. Venture, July, 52-58
Clarysse B, Wright M, Lockett AV, de Velde E, Vohora A (2005) Spinning out new ventures: a typology of incubation strategies from European research institutions. J Bus Venturing 20:183–216CrossRef
Claude RP, Weston BH (2006) Human rights in the world community: issues and action. University of Pennsylvania Press, Pennsylvania
D’Este P, Patel P (2007) University–industry linkages in the UK: what are the factors underlying the variety of interactions with industry? Res Policy 36:1295–1313CrossRef
D’Este P, Perkmann M (2011) Why do academics engage with industry? The entrepreneurial university and individual motivations. J Technol Trans 36:316–339CrossRef
Daniels G, Hofer C (1993) Characteristics of successful and unsuccessful entrepreneurial faculty and their innovative research teams. In: Churchill N, Birley S, Bygrave W, Doutriaux J, Gatewood E, Hoy F, Wetzel W (eds) Frontiers of entrepreneurship research. Babson College, Wellesley, pp 598–600
Di Gregorio D, Shane S (2003) Why do some universities generate more start-ups than others? Res Policy 32:209–227CrossRef
Downward P, Mearman A (2007) Retroduction as mixed-methods triangulation in economic research: reorienting economics into social science. Cambridge Journal of Economics 31:77–99CrossRef
Etzkowitz H, Leydesdorff L (2000) The dynamics of innovation: from National Systems and Mode 2 to a Triple Helix of university–industry–government relations. Res Policy 29:109–123CrossRef
Etzkowitz H, Webster A, Gebhardt C, Cantisano Terra BR (2000) The future of university and the university of the future: evolution of ivory tower to entrepreneurial paradigm. Res Policy 29:313–320CrossRef
Eun J-H, Lee K, Wu G (2006) Explaining the “University-run enterprises” in China: a theoretical framework for university–industry relationship in developing countries and its application to China. Res Policy 35:1329–1346CrossRef
Fleiss JL, Zubin J (1969) On the methods and theory of clustering. Multivar Behav Res 4:235–250CrossRef
Franklin SJ, Wright M, Lockett A (2001) Academic and surrogate entrepreneurs in university spin-out companies. J Technol Trans 26:127–141CrossRef
Friedman J, Silberman J (2003) University technology transfer: do incentives, management, and location matter? J Technol Trans 28:17–30CrossRef
Gilad B, Levine P (1986) A behaviour model of entrepreneurial supply. J Small Bus Manage 24:45–54
Glassman AM, Moore RW, Rossy GL (2003) Academic entrepreneurship: views on balancing the acropolis and the agora. J Manage Inq 12:353–374CrossRef
Goldfarb B, Henrekson M (2003) Bottom-up versus top-down policies towards the commercialization of university intellectual property. Res Policy 32:639–658CrossRef
Griffith-Jones S, Bhattacharya A, Antoniou A (2003) Enhancing private capital flows to developing countries in the new international context. Economic Affairs Division of the Commonwealth Secretariat, London
Gupta AK, Govindarajan V (1986) Resource sharing among SBUs: strategic antecedents and administrative implications. Acad Manage J 29:695–714CrossRef
Hart MM, Stevenson HH & Dail J (1995) Entrepreneurship: a definition revisited. In: Bygrave WD, Bird BJ, Birley S, Churchill NC, Hay M, Keelry RH & Wetzel Jr., WE (Eds.) Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research: Proceedings of the Fifteenth Entrepreneurship Research Conference. Babson Park: Babson College
Henderson R, Jaffe A, Trajtenberg M (1998) Universities as a source of commercial technology: a detailed analysis of university patenting, 1965–1988. Rev Econ Stat 80:119–127CrossRef
Jain S, Georgeb G, Maltarichc M (2009) Academics or entrepreneurs? Investigating role identity modification of university scientists involved in commercialization activity. Res Policy 38:922–935CrossRef
Jones-Evans J, Klofsten M (2000) Comparing academic entrepreneurship in Europe: the case of Sweden and Ireland. Small Bus Econ 14:299–309CrossRef
Ketchen DJ, Shook CL (1996) The application of cluster analysis in strategic management research: an analysis and critique. Strateg Manage J 17:441–460CrossRef
Kodithuwakku SS, Rosa P (2002) The entrepreneurial process and economic success in a constrained environment. J Bus Venturing 17:431–465CrossRef
Kwok WCC, Sharp DJ (1998) A review of construct measurement issues in behavioral accounting research. J Account Lit 17:231–254
Lam A (2005) Work roles and careers of R&D scientists in network organizations. Ind Relations 44:42–75
Laukkanen M (2003) Exploring academic entrepreneurship: drivers and tensions of university based business. J Small Bus Enterprise Dev 10:372–382CrossRef
Levy PS, Lemeshow S (2008) Sampling of populations: methods and applications. Wiley, New JerseyCrossRef
Louis KS, Blumenthal D, Gluck ME, Stoto MA (1989) Entrepreneurs in academe: an exploration of behaviours among life scientists. Adm Sci Q 34:110–131CrossRef
Markides JG, Williamson P (1996) Corporate diversification and organizational structure: a resource-based view. Acad Manage J 39:340–367CrossRef
Mars M, Rios-Aguilar C (2010) Academic entrepreneurship (re)defined: significance and implications for the scholarship of higher education. High Educ 59:441–460CrossRef
Marsh HW, Hattie J (2002) The relation between research productivity and teaching effectiveness: complementary, antagonistic, or independent constructs? J High Educ 73:603–641CrossRef
Mayer RJ, Schooman F (1993) An integrative model of organizational trust. Entrepreneurship Theory Pract 17:5–15
McMullan WE, Vesper KH (1987) Universities and community venture development: the spin-off phenomenon: the spirit of entrepreneurship. In: 32nd annual world conference international council for small businesses, Simon Fraser University (Burnaby), Vancouver British Columbia, pp 350–370
Menzies TV (2000) An exploratory study of university entrepreneurship centres in Canada: a first step in model building. J Small Bus Entrepreneurship 15:15–38
Monck C, Segal N (1983) University science parks and small firms. In: National small business conference, Durham University, Sept 1983
Mowery DC, Shane S (2002) Introduction to the special issue on university entrepreneurship and technology transfer. Manage Sci 48:5–9
Mowery DC, Sampat BN, Ziedonis AA (2002) Learning to patent: institutional experience, learning, and the characteristics of U.S. university patents after the Bayh–Dole Act, 1981–1992. Manage Sci 48:73–89CrossRef
Nicolaou N, Birley S (2003) Academic networks in a trichotomous categorisation of university spinouts. J Bus Venturing 18:333–359CrossRef
Radosevich R (1995) A model for entrepreneurial spin-offs from public technology sources. Int J Technol Manage 10:879–893
Rumelt RP (1982) Diversification strategy and profitability. Strateg Manage J 3:359–369CrossRef
Samson KJ, Gurdon MA (1993) University scientists as entrepreneurs: a special case of technology transfer and high technology venturing. Technovation 13:63–71CrossRef
Schartinger D, Schibany A, Gassler H (2001) Interactive relations between university and firms: empirical evidence for Austria. J Technol Trans 26:255–268CrossRef
Schmoch U (1997) Indicators and the relations between science and technology. Scientometrics 38:103–116CrossRef
Scott M, Fadahunsi A, Kodithuwakku S (2000) Tackling adversity with diversity. In: Birley S, Muzyka D (eds) Financial times: mastering entrepreneurship. The complete MBA companion in entrepreneurship. Pearson Education, Harlow
Shane S (2000) Prior knowledge and the discovery of entrepreneurial opportunities. Organ Sci 11:448–470CrossRef
Shane SA, Stuart T (2002) Organizational endowments and the performance of university start-ups. Manage Sci 48:154–170CrossRef
Shane S, Venkataraman S (2000) The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Acad Manage Rev 25:217–226
Siegel DS, Waldman D, Atwater L, Link A (2004) Toward a model of the effective transfer of scientific knowledge from academicians to practitioners: qualitative evidence from the commercialization of university technologies. J Eng Technol Manage 21:115–142CrossRef
Storey DJ, Tether BS (1998) Public policy measures to support new technology-based firms in the European Union. Res Policy 26:1037–1057CrossRef
Tashakkori A, Teddlie C (1998) Mixed methodology: combining qualitative and quantitative approaches. Sage, Thousand Oaks
Teddlie C, Yu F (2007) Mixed methods sampling: a typology with examples. J Mixed Method Res 1:77–100CrossRef
Tijssen RJW (2006) Universities and industrially relevant science: towards measurement models and indicators of entrepreneurial orientation. Res Policy 35:1569–1585CrossRef
Tsoukas H (1989) The validity of idiographic research explanations. Acad Manage Rev 14:551–561
Ucbasaran D, Howorth C, Westhead P (2000) Habitual entrepreneurs: human capital, opportunity search and learning. Paper presented at the Babson-Kauffman conference, Babson College, Wellesley
United Nations Human Settlements Programme (2005) Financing urban shelter: global report on human settlements. Earth Scan, London
University Gtant Commission of Sri Lanka (2011) University Statistics. University Grant Commission Sri Lanka, Available at http://​www.​ugc.​ac.​lk/​ [Accessed on 10 February 2011]
Van Dierdonck R, Debackere K (1988) Academic entrepreneurship at Belgian Universities. R&D Manage 18:341–353CrossRef
Venkataraman S, MacMillan I, McGrath R (1992) Progress in research on corporate venturing. In: Sexton DL, Kasarda J (eds) The state of the art of entrepreneurship. PWS-Kent, Boston, pp 487–519
Von Bertalanffy L (1972) The history and status of general systems theory. Acad Manage J 15:407–426CrossRef
Westhead P, Ucbasaran D, Wright M (2005) Decisions, actions and performance: do novice, serial and portfolio entrepreneurs differ? Int Small Bus J 43:393–418CrossRef
Wright M, Birley S, Mosey S (2004) Entrepreneurship and university technology transfer. J Technol Trans 29:235–246CrossRef
Yang PY, Chang Y, Chen M (2006) Factors nurturing academic entrepreneurship in Taiwan. J Enterprising Cult 14:267–290CrossRef
Zhou YM (2011) Synergy, coordination costs, and diversification choices. Strateg Manage J 32:624–639CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Academic Entrepreneurship in a Resource-Constrained Environment: Diversification and Synergistic Effects
verfasst von
L. Ranmuthumalie de Silva
Elvira Uyarra
Ray Oakey
Copyright-Jahr
2012
Verlag
Springer US
Buch
Technology Transfer in a Global Economy

Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-6101-2

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-4614-6102-9

Copyright-Jahr: 2012

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6102-9_5