2. Adaptive Governance (Management, Co-management and Anticipatory)

This chapter explores and unites literature surrounding adaptive governance. First, the particularities of governance, in particular adaptive governance, are evaluated (see Sect. 2.2). Building on why adaptive governance best addresses - the problem of d&f in relation to agricultural producers (see Sects. 1.3.2 and 2.2), this chapter examines: How has adaptive governance evolved (see Sect. 2.3.2)? How do the adaptive governance, adaptive management, adaptive co-management and anticipatory governance literatures relate (see Sect. 2.3.3)? What are the key gaps in the literature of adaptive governance in relation to climate change and extreme events (see Sect. 2.3.4) and how can these gaps be filled (see Sect. 2.4)? This chapter takes an ideal-typical approach to defining the above terms; in fact authors of each term (adaptive management, adaptive co-management and anticipatory governance) often stretch these to take new elements into account, thus creating confusion about the breadth of each of these terms.