This research examines the governance challenges and opportunities for sustainable development in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a country facing significant political uncertainties. It adopts a Quadruple Bottom Line (QBL) approach, considering sustainability’s economic, social, environmental, and governance aspects. The study analyzes various reports, frameworks, and literature to identify common themes and critical elements of adaptive sustainability governance at the national level. The findings highlight the importance of adaptive governance and multi-level collaboration in achieving sustainable development goals. They emphasize the need for inclusive decision-making, transparency, and accountability in governance processes, along with promoting social inclusion, gender equality, and environmental conservation. Investment in sustainable infrastructure and renewable energy is crucial for economic growth and development. The report proposes a typology for sustainable development in unstable countries under uncertainty and risks, encompassing environmental regulation, adaptive governance, social inclusion, and sustainable economic growth. This typology is a valuable framework for assessing sustainability patterns and guiding policymakers and stakeholders in unstable contexts. While the paper focuses on Bosnia and Herzegovina, the research findings have broader implications for other countries facing similar political challenges. The study highlights the importance of stakeholder engagement, institutional arrangements, and resilience planning in achieving sustainable development goals. Integrating economic, social, governance, and environmental considerations in decision-making is crucial for promoting sustainability in diverse contexts. Overall, this research contributes to understanding sustainable development in politically uncertain environments and promotes the application of adaptive governance and the QBL approach in literature and research. The findings underscore the need for increased research, innovation, technology investment, and public participation to enhance sustainability efforts and address marginalized groups’ specific challenges. The research concludes by emphasizing the importance of comprehensive and socially equitable approaches to sustainable development in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
