Addition of MgO Nanoparticles to Carbon Structural Steel and the Effect on Inclusion Characteristics and Microstructure

An innovative approach for pre-dispersing MgO nanoparticles with AlSi alloy nanoparticles was established, and the nanoparticles were dispersed well in carbon structural steel. After adding different mass fractions of MgO nanoparticles in steel, the majority of inclusions contained MgO·Al₂O₃ spinel and MgO-Al₂O₃-bearing hybrid inclusion, and these inclusions promoted acicular ferrite (AF) formation. With increasing amount of added nanoparticles, the average inclusion size increased from 0.90 to 1.50 μm and the inclusion size was considerably refined, but the ability of inclusions to induce AF was greatly declined. It was revealed that the inclusion size was the decisive factor influencing the inducing ability of inclusions for AF, which also got a solid support from the nucleation thermomechanical and dynamic analyses. When the mass fraction of MgO nanoparticles reached 0.05 pct, the proportion of AF in microstructure is relatively larger and the degree of interlocking of the AF within the microstructure was optimized. The ferrite grains also got refined and the average grain size decreased by more than 94 pct compared with that of the original steel.