Skip to main content
Fachgebiete
Automobil + Motoren Bauwesen + Immobilien Business IT + Informatik Elektrotechnik + Elektronik Energie + Nachhaltigkeit Finance + Banking Management + Führung Marketing + Vertrieb Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe Versicherung + Risiko
DE
EN
Bücher
Zeitschriften
Themenseiten
Organisationspsychologie Projektmanagement Marketing Smart Manufacturing
Weitere Formate
Podcasts Webinare Technik Webinare Wirtschaft Kongresse Veranstaltungskalender Awards
Jetzt Einzelzugang starten
Zugang für Unternehmen
Referenzkunden
SLX-Digitalkonferenz: Zukunftswerkstatt 2024

Mehr Umsatz mit Top-Kontakten

Am 7. Mai erfahren Sie, wie Vertriebsteams Leadgenerierung, Leadnurturing und Leadstrategien effizient steuern können.
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben

2011 | Buch

Introduction Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Advanced Digital Preservation

verfasst von: David Giaretta

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten
insite
SUCHEN

Über dieses Buch

There is growing recognition of the need to address the fragility of digital information, on which our society heavily depends for smooth operation in all aspects of daily life. This has been discussed in many books and articles on digital preservation, so why is there a need for yet one more? Because, for the most part, those other publications focus on documents, images and webpages – objects that are normally rendered to be simply displayed by software to a human viewer. Yet there are clearly many more types of digital objects that may need to be preserved, such as databases, scientific data and software itself.

David Giaretta, Director of the Alliance for Permanent Access, and his contributors explain why the tools and techniques used for preserving rendered objects are inadequate for all these other types of digital objects, and they provide the concepts, techniques and tools that are needed. The book is structured in three parts. The first part is on theory, i.e., the concepts and techniques that are essential for preserving digitally encoded information. The second part then shows practice, i.e., the use and validation of these tools and techniques. Finally, the third part concludes by addressing how to judge whether money is being well spent, in terms of effectiveness and cost sharing.

Various examples of digital objects from many sources are used to explain the tools and techniques presented. The presentation style mainly aims at practitioners in libraries, archives and industry who are either directly responsible for preservation or who need to prepare for audits of their archives. Researchers in digital preservation and developers of preservation tools and techniques will also find valuable practical information here. Researchers creating digitally encoded information of all kinds will also need to be aware of these topics so that they can help to ensure that their data is usable and can be valued by others now and in the future.

To further assist the reader, the book is supported by many hours of videos and presentations from the CASPAR project and by a set of open source software.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
There is a need to be able to preserve the understandability and usability of the information encoded in digital objects. Because of this focus on information we shall often refer to digitally encoded information where we wish to stress the information aspects.
David Giaretta
Chapter 2. The Really Foolproof Solution for Digital PreservationDigital Preservation
Abstract
……….enough of it, and for an indefinite period.
If this cannot be guaranteed then the rest of this book will be essential for you.
David Giaretta

Theory - The Concepts And Techniques Which Are Essential For Preserving Digitally Encoded Information

Chapter 3. Introduction to OAISOAIS Concepts and Terminology
Abstract
Another way of looking at this is to realise that different people have slightly different definitions in mind, depending upon their backgrounds, for many common terms. If we are not careful we will talk at cross-purposes because of these differences. In order to avoid this we need clear definitions.
The next few sections discuss some of the basic OAIS definitions and concepts.
David Giaretta
Chapter 4. Types of Digital Objects
Abstract
It is impossible to give an exhaustive list of types of digital objects, yet it is useful to remind ourselves of at least some of the great variety that we must be able to deal with. By types we mean not just different formats, but rather different classifications.
David Giaretta
Chapter 5. ThreatsThreats to Digital Preservation and Possible Solutions
Abstract
There are some obvious threats to the preservation of digitally encoded information. One is what one might call “bit rot” i.e. the deterioration in our ability to read the bits in which the information is encoded. While this is fundamental, nevertheless there are an increasing number of ways to overcome this problem, the simplest of which is replication of the bits i.e. making multiple copies.
David Giaretta
Chapter 6. OAISOAIS in More Depth
Abstract
A number of OAIS [4] concepts were introduced in Chap.​ 3. In this chapter we delve somewhat deeper.
The OAIS standard (ISO 14721) serves several different purposes. Its fundamental purpose is to provide concepts that can guide digital preservation. Using these concepts a number of conformance requirements, including mandatory responsibilities, are then described. However another set of related concepts are defined in OAIS which, although not essential for preserving digitally encoded information, may nevertheless be extremely useful to facilitate clear discussion by providing a common terminology.
David Giaretta
Chapter 7. Understanding a Digital ObjectDigital Object : Basic Representation Information
Abstract
OAIS is not a design; its lack of specificity gives it wide applicability and great strength but it also forces implementers to make choices, among which is the level of application of the OAIS concepts. In this chapter we look particularly at Representation Information
David Giaretta
Chapter 8. Preservation of IntelligibilityIntelligibility of Digital Objects
Abstract
We live in a digital world. Everyone nowadays works and communicates using computers. We communicate digitally using e-mails and voice platforms, watch photographs in digital form, use computers for complex computations and experiments. Moreover information that previously existed in analogue form (i.e. in paper) is now digitized. The amount of digital objects that libraries and archives maintain constantly increases. It is therefore urgent to ensure that these digital objects will remain functional, usable and intelligible in the future. But what should we preserve and how? To address this question we first summarise the discussion in previous Chapters about what a digital object is.
David Giaretta
Chapter 9. UnderstandabilityUnderstandability and Usability of Data
Abstract
Ensuring that digitally encoded information remains usable and understandable over time is, together with authenticity, at the heart of digital preservation. The previous chapter discussed some of the formal aspects of intelligibility. This chapter discusses the complementary issue of usability of the data.
David Giaretta
Chapter 10. In Addition to Understanding It – What Is It?: Preservation Description InformationPDI Preservation Description Information
Abstract
Preservation Description Information, as defined by OAIS as being made up of several types of Information (Fig. 10.1): Fixity, Reference, Context Provenance and Access Rights, will be detailed below. Note that Access Rights Information was not in the original version of OAIS but was added in the first update.
David Giaretta
Chapter 11. Linking Data and “Metadatametadata ”: Packaging
Abstract
OAIS describes packaging at a high level, as outlined in Sect. 6.3.4, where it is stressed that the package is a logical structure, i.e. does not have to be a single file. Despite stressing the logical structure, it can be useful to package digital objects – let’s say files – together in a single file, for example a ZIP [142] file. However if one simply did that then there would be no indication of the relationship between the files, so there must be some mechanism for specifying the relationship. In any practical system one needs to encode the links somehow.
David Giaretta
Chapter 12. Basic Preservation StrategiesPreservation Strategies
Abstract
There are a number of basic preservation strategies upon which one can build more complex strategies. These are the ones which are described explicitly or implicitly by OAIS, based around ensuring that the digital object will be usable and understandable to the Designated Community. Of course one also has to maintain the trail of information to support evidence of authenticity and other PDI.
David Giaretta
Chapter 13. AuthenticityAuthenticity
Abstract
Much has been written about Authenticity. However in order to create tools which can be relied upon and which are practical we must achieve the following
David Giaretta
Chapter 14. Advanced Preservation Analysis
Abstract
So far we have used the OAIS terminology for digital preservation. Now we turn to a complementary way of looking at it. We can say that the challenge of digital preservation of scientific data lies in the need to preserve not only the dataset itself but also the ability it has to deliver knowledge to a future user community. This entails allowing future users to reanalyze the data within new contexts. Thus, in order to carry out meaningful preservation we need to ensure that future users are equipped with the necessary information to re-use the data.
David Giaretta

Practice – Use And Validation Of The Tools And Techniques That Can Be Used For Preserving Digitally Encoded Information

Chapter 15. TestingTesting Claims About Digital PreservationDigital Preservation
Abstract
In this part of the book we show a number of real examples of digital preservation activities; these have been chosen to illustrate a number of scenarios and preservation strategies using a great variety of types of data, from the simplest to highly complex.
David Giaretta
Chapter 16. Tools for Countering the ThreatsThreats to Digital Preservation
Abstract
We begin with a brief recap of the points made in Chap.​ 5 about the broad threats to the preservation of our digitally encoded information. Then a number of components, both infrastructure and domain dependent, are discussed and the CASPAR implementations of these are introduced.  Subsequent chapters build up the details of the infrastructure and tools which indicate how these solutions could be implemented and for which strong prototypes exist at the time of writing.
David Giaretta
Chapter 17. The CASPARCASPAR Key ComponentsKey Components Implementation
Abstract
One important consideration is the preservability of the infrastructure components (Fig. 17.1) themselves. The approach taken by CASPAR was not to use recursion and say that one would use CASPAR to preserve the components. Instead the approach was to make the components relatively easy to re-implement. Thus in the rest of this chapter we provide more details of the components and then give the interface definitions.
David Giaretta
Chapter 18. Overview of the TestbedsTestbed
Abstract
The bulk of the rest of Part II concerns the testbed reports which provide “accelerated lifetime” tests for a variety of datasets over a number of disciplines.
David Giaretta
Chapter 19. STFC Science TestbedTestbed Science testbed
Abstract
Several datasets are used in four scenarios in order to illustrate a number of important points. The datasets come from the archives located in STFC acquired from instruments in other locations, illustrated in Fig. 19.1, and for the study the MST radar in Wales (Fig. 19.2) and Ionosonde data from many stations around the world.
David Giaretta
Chapter 20. European Space Agency TestbedTestbed European Space Agency testbed
Abstract
The selected ESA scientific dataset consists of data from GOME (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment), a sensor on board ESA ERS-2 (European Remote Sensing) satellite, which has been in operation since 1995.
David Giaretta
Chapter 21. Cultural Heritage TestbedTestbed Cultural Heritage Testbed
Abstract
The concept of cultural heritage has a wide range of applications: museums, books and libraries, paintings, etc. It also includes monuments, archaeological sites, etc. The CASPAR project we used the definition of Cultural Heritage given in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention (UNESCO, 1972)
David Giaretta
Chapter 22. Contemporary Performing Arts TestbedTestbed Contemporary Performing Arts Testbed
Abstract
Since the 1970s, the field of performance arts has quickly evolved thanks to the development of, and innovation in computers, software and electronic devices that have transformed stage practices. Whereas performers used hardware devices for all signal processing required on stage, they progressively moved to software environments enabling them to develop personal interactive modules. This initially applied to music, but quickly expanded to dance, theatre and installations.
David Giaretta

Is money well spent? Cutting the cost and making sure money is not wasted

Chapter 23. Sharing the Effort
Abstract
The concepts introduced here are aimed at providing an infrastructure which can be shared across the widest range of information. In that way we can spread the cost and effort of preservation and reduce the risk that the infrastructure upon which we would depend might itself disappear by broadening its potential support.
David Giaretta
Chapter 24. InfrastructureInfrastructure RoadmapRoadmap
Abstract
We base the requirements for the preservation/re-use/access infrastructure on a broad analysis of the threats and an initial set of solutions
David Giaretta
Chapter 25. Who Is Doing a Good Job? Audit and CertificationAudit and Certification
Abstract
The Preserving Digital Information report of the Task Force on Archiving of Digital Information [243] declared,
  • a critical component of digital archiving infrastructure is the existence of a sufficient number of trusted organizations capable of storing, migrating, and providing access to digital collections.
  • process of certification for digital archives is needed to create an overall climate of trust about the prospects of preserving digital information.
David Giaretta
Chapter 26. Final Thoughts
Abstract
After reading Part I of this book the reader should have a better idea of the variety of types of digital objects which may need to be preserved, and some of the challenges which will need to be addressed. In particular the reader should be armed with most of the key questions which need to be asked about the digital object to be preserved and the key concepts needed to answer them.
David Giaretta
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Advanced Digital Preservation
verfasst von
David Giaretta
Copyright-Jahr
2011
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Electronic ISBN
978-3-642-16809-3
Print ISBN
978-3-642-16808-6
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16809-3

Neuer Inhalt

    Bildnachweise