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2017 | Buch

Advanced Nanomaterials in Biomedical, Sensor and Energy Applications

herausgegeben von: Dr. Jayeeta Chattopadhyay, Dr. Rohit Srivastava

Verlag: Springer Singapore

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Über dieses Buch

This book is aimed at all those who are interested to understand the current research going on in nanomaterial science from the perspectives of biomedical, sensorial and energy applications including all aspects of physical chemist, chemical engineers and material scientist. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are at the forefront of modern research. The fast growing economy in this area requires experts with outstanding knowledge of nanoscience in combination with the skills to apply this knowledge in new products. A multidisciplinary scientific education is crucial to provide industry and research institutes with top quality experts who have a generic background in the different sub disciplines such as electronics, physics, chemistry, material science, biotechnology. The book covers recent advancement in nanoscience and nanotechnology particularly highlights the utilization of different types of nanomaterials in biomedical field, sensor and in the energy application. On the other hand, it leads the reader to the most significant recent developments in research. It provides a broad and in-depth coverage of the nanoscale materials and its depth significant applications.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Design and Fabrication of Nanomaterial-Based Device for Pressure Sensorial Applications
Abstract
In the last few decades, pressure sensing devices with actual electronic applications become extremely popular with considering sensitive response potential of a sensor material. However, wearable pressure sensing technologies with flexible and stretchable features are continuously facing various challenges; researchers should consider this field more seriously. The nanomaterials with multifunctional great features in pressure sensing applications are now being considered tremendously. In this chapter, we have approached the basic principle behind a pressure sensor material from chemical aspect. Secondly, various features of different nanomaterials, viz. metal nanowires, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, etc., have been taken into consideration with their potential applicability as a pressure sensing device. This chapter can create a brief focus to a nanomaterial science researcher towards the suitability of their materials as pressure sensor.
Rohit Srivastava, Jayeeta Chattopadhyay
Graphene Oxide: Structural Updates and Enzyme Mimetic Properties for Biomedical Applications
Abstract
The structure of graphite oxide and functional groups present on it renders the remarkable properties and defines its novel applications. This chapter covers detailed information on the structure and functionalities present on the graphite oxide/graphene oxide. Apart from this, enzyme-mimetic properties of GO and GO-related materials and their applications are thoroughly discussed. The contents provided in this chapter may be useful for scientific community working in the field of material science, especially those engaged in graphene-related research. It may also benefit the people interested in the broad research areas of catalysis, bioinorganic chemistry, biomedical sciences, etc.
Amit A. Vernekar, Sourav Ghosh, Govindasamy Mugesh
Harvesting Clean Energy Through H2 Production Using Cobalt-Boride-Based Nanocatalyst
Abstract
Increase in the energy requirement and emission of greenhouse gases have been a growing concern. Hydrogen is recognized as a clean fuel and a promising solution for energy storage. At present, hydrogen required for fuel cell (FC) is mostly produced at industrial scales using the steam reforming of natural gas. These industries possibly leave CO and CO2 into the atmosphere, which are the major known reasons for the devastating climate changes witnessed today. Moreover, improper separation of these carbon contaminants from H2, especially CO (even at ppm level), affects the performance of FC by catalyst poisoning. “Hydrolysis of chemical hydrides” and “electrochemical water splitting,” through renewable energy sources, are considered as the cleanest and simplest techniques to produce FC grade H2 for onboard and off-board applications, respectively. Herein, the role of low-cost cobalt-boride (Co-B)-based nanocatalysts for both these applications is summarized.
Chemical hydrides have high hydrogen storage capacity in terms of volumetric and gravimetric efficiencies and are promising candidates to obtain pure hydrogen at a very high rate at room temperatures for on-broad applications. In the presence of certain catalysts, a large amount of pure hydrogen gas is produced by the hydrolysis of chemical hydrides. Noble metal catalysts (e.g., Ru and Pt) enhance the hydrogen production rate but are not viable for industrial application owing to their high cost and low availability. Low-cost amorphous Co-B nanocatalysts, prepared by reduction of metal salts, have attracted great attention in the catalysis community, owing to their unique properties such as isotropic structure, high concentration of coordinative unsaturated sites, relevant chemical stability, and low cost. However, Co-B nanoparticles agglomeration is a major problem, but it can be solved by introducing transition metals like Mo, W, and Cr as a possible atomic diffusion barrier. These promoter metals, mainly in the form of oxides, are efficient and even a small atomic concentration is able to significantly increase the surface area of the metal-boride catalyst nanoparticles by avoiding agglomeration. Nevertheless recovering and reusing powder catalysts is still an issue, which can be addressed by forming thin films on a substrate. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) has emerged as a viable method for the production of nanoparticles on the surface of the thin films. By changing the PLD parameters, namely, energy and pulse duration, the morphology and the structure of the film can be optimized for a given application. Co-B catalysts developed by PLD in the form of nanoparticle-assembled films showed a performance similar to that of Pt metal and better than Pd metal for hydrogen production in the hydrolysis reaction.
For off-board purposes, a practical and sustainable way to produce hydrogen is electrolysis of water, driven by clean electric power that can be generated by renewable energy sources, such as photovoltaic and wind. To build highly efficient and cost-effective electrolyzer for this purpose, one of the key challenges is to develop active, stable, inexpensive, and scalable electrocatalysts for the two half reactions of water splitting, namely, oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions. Although noble metal such as Pt is known as the best hydrogen-evolving catalyst in acidic solutions, the low abundance and high cost of such precious metal limit their large-scale application. Metal borides such as Co-B were also found to be excellent electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), active in wide pH ranging from 4 to 9. A significant improvement in activity and stability of Co-B electrocatalyst was obtained after introducing other transition metals, specifically Ni and Mo in Co-B showing electrocatalytic activity comparable to Pt. Co-Mo-B was also found to be equally active for oxygen evolutions in alkaline media. Examples given in this chapter clearly indicate that Co-B-based nanocatalysts can bridge the gap between the noble and nonmetal catalysts, especially for energy carrier generation.
R. Fernandes, N. Patel, D. C. Kothari, A. Miotello
Plasmonic Effect of Au Nanoparticles Deposited Using Spray Technique on the Performance of Solar Cell
Abstract
This chapter consists of the detailed description for the deposition of gold nanoparticles with different sizes using electric field-assisted spray process (applied voltages to the nozzle are 0 V, 500 V, and 1 kV, respectively) for investigating their performance in inverted organic solar cells (ITO/Au/ZnO/P3HT:PCBM/Ag). Application of DC voltage during deposition resulted in a reduced size (35 nm as compared to 70 nm without DC voltage) of the nanoparticles (NPs) with more uniform coverage. The photovoltaic parameters of plasmonic solar cells with spray-deposited Au and ZnO layers (both at 1 kV) showed an improved power conversion efficiency (PCE). The absorption spectra and incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE) curve indicate that the increased plasmonic broadband light absorption by using Au NPs provides enhancement of J SC . A maximum PCE of 3.6% is resulted for the solar cell with high short-circuit current density of ~15 mA cm−2.
Neha Chaturvedi, Sanjay Kumar Swami, Viresh Dutta
Hollow Carbon Nano-spheres: A Step Toward Energy Applications
Abstract
Carbon micro-/nano-hollow spheres have enormously been applied in numerous fields during the last decade. This chapter will focus on the important synthetic strategies of nano-carbon hollow spheres which will make those materials more appropriate toward carbon-free energy applications. We include few results of their electrocatalytic activity in PEM water electrolyzer. The content present in this chapter will be a great exposure toward the scientific community by knowing that hollow carbon spheres with greater porosity and metal nanoparticle encapsulation can be potential candidate in the field of electrochemical science.
Jayeeta Chattopadhyay, Rohit Srivastava, Tara Sankar Pathak
Metadaten
Titel
Advanced Nanomaterials in Biomedical, Sensor and Energy Applications
herausgegeben von
Dr. Jayeeta Chattopadhyay
Dr. Rohit Srivastava
Copyright-Jahr
2017
Verlag
Springer Singapore
Electronic ISBN
978-981-10-5346-7
Print ISBN
978-981-10-5345-0
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5346-7

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