Advances and Applications in Computer Science, Electronics and Industrial Engineering

The technological advance and the great importance that it represents when using Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) as a tool in the educational process allows us to search for strategies to take advantage of the benefits that can be achieved by involving these advances in initial education, in this sense, the development of an electronic device that uses different elements such as readers and labels with Radio Frequency Identification (RF-ID) technology, a sensor to identify colors, a Raspberry Pi minicomputer, LCD screen, among others, are presented, together with the development of strategies and didactics that allow the device made as an electronic toy to an element to help stimulate logical thinking in children between the ages of five and seven, given the already showed importance that early strengthening of abilities such as identifying, relating and operate different types of situations that allow people to function in society in real situations.

The present research proposes a holonic architecture for reconfigurable manufacturing system based on ADACOR. The architecture is controlled as an intelligent system, centralized when the process is in a normal state and decentralized through holons in the presence of disturbances. Holarchy is defined with two main holons, supervisor and routing, that are responsible for distributing the jobs based on the operating states of the system. Experimentation starts from a base scenario in which conditions are optimal and the architecture is tested through a simulation model in FlexSim, conventional and holonic control scenarios are defined with partial and total server failures. The results allow to demonstrate the successful application of the model in the footwear industry. Holonic control with partial failure increases throughput by \(+\)1.66%, decreases WIP by −3.17%, and increases machine utilization by \(+\)1.38% compared to conventional control. In total failure, similar results are achieved with \(+\)0.68%, −0.68%, and \(+\)0.62%, respectively.

The corporate organizational structure and culture should evolve in the development of software technology as the company grow; otherwise, it will present weaknesses that hinder the implementation of any software methodology. In this paper, the beneficial characteristics acquired by software products that have been developed under a DevOps conception have been identified, which has given DevOps a greater degree of relevance, promoting its study in greater detail, and assessing the growing interest of companies in having software as a quality that does not require additional costs for updating and maintenance. Additionally, the paper presents a systematic literature review, obtaining a conceptual schema of the relationship of DevOps with service-oriented software development, mitigating the lack of formalization of the concepts involved in each stage through an ontology. The result approximates a Model DevOps-based framework for SaaS development which can contribute as a guide for enterprises interested in the adoption of DevOps in their software production process for the first time.

This study presents a methodology that allows a tourist to select at their discretion the best lodging site in a given jurisdiction. Using pre-established criteria/factors through meetings held with the main tourist entities existing in said jurisdiction. These criteria/factors come from public census information from the 2010 Population and Housing Census, 2010 National Economic Census and a Tourist Census conducted in the jurisdiction. The jurisdiction under study is the city of Baños de Agua Santa in the Tungurahua province of Ecuador. For the development of the investigation, an integration of GIS techniques and multi-criteria decision techniques based on the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) approach is used, with variation in the method validation process. The tourist assumes the role of the decision-maker, having to select the criteria/factors that he wishes to use according to his need, comparing them in pairs. The comparisons allow tourists to make weights between the criteria/factors, and based on them, the accommodation establishments with the highest percentage of compliance with said criteria/factors are determined. Finally, the selected lodging establishments are presented to the tourist and based on final criteria/factors, generally of an economic nature, they make their final decision. An application was developed to automate and validate the methodology, applying it to a certain number of tourists, the results being satisfactory, obtaining from most of them the acceptance of the accommodation selection process carried out in the city of Baños.

Within the natural cycle of retail companies, there is the stage of expansion where one of the most critical and high impact processes is the process of selecting the location for new stores. So it is necessary to make the most appropriate decision, which allows in the medium and long term to have fewer risks and losses, and higher profits and sales. This work proposes a Decision Support System for the location of retail stores, which will provide entrepreneurs with available, updated, and relevant information on retail stores, public services, and influxes of people. In addition, the system allows to project and compare for two or more new store locations, the critical indicators: average monthly ticket, monthly influx, total monthly sale, demographic density, amount of competences. To validate the proposed system, 5 case studies were carried out on real stores in Lima, the results obtained for a 6-month projection show high precision in the projection of the indicators, reaching on average 98.64%, 97.29%, and 96.61% for the average ticket, the influx of customers and the total amount of sales, respectively.

Continuous monitoring of the body condition of an overweight pediatric patient is of utmost importance for the success of his or her treatment. However, this represents a challenge after the first consultation because many parents present problems of time to attend the controls in the office, in addition to lack of tools to support monitoring from home, thus causing a high rate of dropout. There are telemonitoring applications for people with obesity that send data in real time, but they are focused on adults; they do not consider pediatric patients or their parents as agents of change. For this reason, TCO is presented as a mobile application for telemonitoring and control of overweight and obesity in pediatric patients, which facilitates the specialist in the communication, follow-up, and orientation of their patients through family members or caregivers, considering anthropometric indicators, automatic monitoring through rules, prescription of the food plan, and recommendation of foods and dishes of the season and region. A case study was carried out with two groups of 16 overweight and obese pediatric patients, one of them using TCO. The results show that the dropout rate was reduced by 38%, and both body mass index and average waist circumference improved by 4% and 3%, respectively. In addition, family members who did not dropout were surveyed, and satisfaction was obtained between “High” and “Very High” in the use of the application as an aid to monitoring and compliance with treatment.

In the field of hand gesture recognition based on electromyography, the selection of features is still a matter of research because the accuracy of feature evaluation techniques depends on the distribution underling a feature space. Currently, there are a lot of kinds of features, so a selection method is required in order to find an optimal feature subset. The selection of features can be done based on either classifier methods or statistical measurement indexes. On one hand, the use of classifier methods takes considerable time, consequently, they are computationally expensive. On the other hand, the use of a statistical index allows to select features based on properties, and they are less expensive in terms of time and computational costs. In this context, this study analyzed different statistical indexes to discover optimal feature subsets and predicts which one may have the best performance in terms of classification and recognition accuracy. For this purpose, four indexes were analyzed: the sum of RES (separation and compactness index), the sum of Fuzzy Entropies, and both of these indexes divided by the mutual information of feature subset. These index values were calculated for 10 different feature subsets obtained from nineteen time-domain features which have been investigated by many researchers for extracting useful information from an electromyography signal. The feature subsets were implemented in four classifiers (Artificial Neural Network, k-nearest Neighbors Algorithm, Support Vector Machine, and decision trees) to find the best statistical index which tries to quantify the suitableness of the feature space. Each tested index in this work was analyzed in terms of classification and recognition accuracy for each machine learning algorithm.

Cleaner production (CP) represents a set of strategies in favor of the environment, productivity, and the optimization of manufacturing processes from a holistic point of view that includes the whole life cycle of the product, proactive, preventive, and environmentally friendly strategies through which water consumption is reduced, emissions, waste and the sustainability of the production chain is achieved. In general terms, the implementation of cleaner production strategies in the food and beverage industry represents a saving of 35 % of total costs; the accelerated growth of environmentally conscious markets has forced the industry to implement CP strategies in accordance with the particular line of business, with the aim of remaining competitive in markets where actions on environmental care are becoming increasingly important. This paper presents a qualitative systematic review of the literature (SRL) on the implementation of CP strategies in food and beverage industries and the challenges in applying them, analyzing scientific articles from the last five years, from relevant bibliographic databases (Scopus, ScienceDirect, IEEE Xplore, SpringerLink) synthesized particularly in five proposed topics. From the results obtained, it is concluded that the implementation of cleaner production strategies in the food industry represents an opportunity factor for the sector, not only by combining its actions with the sustainable development objectives for 2030, but also by reducing operating costs and optimizing production lines.

The design of a radial flux permanent magnet synchronous generator is presented, which can produce a maximum power of 2 KW at 600 rpm. Once the design was made and its main characteristics determined, the analysis was carried out in MATLAB to observe the behavior of the generator in its operating range. SolidWorks was also used for the elaboration of 3D modeling and finally in ANSYS for its electromagnetic analysis. The objective of this design is that the generator can be installed in a Pico-Hydropower station located in an Ambato–Huachi–Pelileo irrigation channel, in the Tungurahua province in Ecuador. This will allow users to get benefit from electrical energy in difficult access areas. At the same time, when used in the irrigation channel, it will be able to illuminate the channel and thus allow to provide maintenance at any time of the day.

The emergence of new technologies has brought many advantages to organizations and other sectors, they manage to streamline manual processes and are of vital importance in decision-making. Today many entities decide to make use of emerging technologies that facilitate the work and perform it more effectively, however, the adoption rate is not as high as expected and that is due to a widespread fear due to lack of knowledge of information management and intelligent technologies. It is necessary to analyze the levels and the relationship with the processes where they are involved, that is, how the IT technologies are used and each factor within the university can enrich the university community. The purpose of this article is to present an artificial intelligence adoption model proposal for universities. The IT organizational unit of the universities is in charge of adapting all these “Smart” technologies to the university environment in each of its teachings, research, management, or government facets. The complexity is great, we are talking about very diverse environments with very different needs.

In current globalized markets, companies no longer compete with each other. They now compete with the supply chains (SC) to which they belong. SC optimization allows efficient and effective management of resources. In many cases, optimization goals can conflict with one another. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to evaluate SC performance by comparing three optimization algorithms in a case study with multiple objectives. Two objectives are maximizing profit and maximizing the level of customer service. Also, the modeled problem considers multiple products and periods for two security inventory scenarios (maximum and minimum inventory levels). Evolutionary algorithms were compared: NSGA-II, MOPSO, and MOMA. The NSGA-II algorithm obtained the best result. With a minimum inventory level, NSGA-II presented 97.87% service level and the best benefit. Results show the importance of SC management and its optimization as well as some relevant variables to be considered.

The research consists of hand gesture recognition using a commercial sensor called Leap Motion Controller. For the study, we determined hand tracking carried out for 5 static and 4 dynamic gestures. For this work, the stages of the gesture recognition study were divided into data acquisition, preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification. For the data acquisition stage, we programmed an interface in MATLAB, which generates a structure of output data in images and spatial position forms. The preprocessing consists of taking the data acquired by the leap motion controller and transform them into data readable by MATLAB using the MEX compiler, these data are captured during the execution of the gesture. Besides, the proposed data acquisition interface collect demographic data, hand injuries, and the light intensity of the environment in which the data is taken. These data can be used in hand gesture recognition systems and application fields such as medicine, engineering, and robotics, among others. The development of the acquisition system is parameterized with 30 repetitions at 60 frames per second and the sampling time at 5 s. Finally, the system previews a graph of the gesture recognition test structure in specific activity time.

Today, wireless technology continues to grow on a large scale and it provides significant benefits in areas where access to other technologies is not permitted. It meets a need for communication in communities that require it. This document shows the implementation of two wireless nodes, transmitter and receiver, which allow the measurement of water levels in the drinking water supply tanks of the Baños parish, Cuenca Canton, Azuay Province, Ecuador. For these nodes, modules with LoRa technology are used that allow communication in remote areas where there is no mobile cellular or internet coverage. This system will allow monitoring and information to be sent to the offices, thus avoiding the physical mobilization of personnel and maintaining constant control of water levels, optimizing resources, since personnel will now be mobilized to the reservoir tank when these levels need to be treated. Thus determining that the use of LoRa modules for the transmission of water-level variables, allows to obtain favorable results at long distances with a stable link, in real time and without line of sight, crossing obstacles.

The study of the application and mechanical behavior of new composite materials within the footwear industry for soles manufacture, allows to evaluate the mechanical behavior of a vulcanized composite material by compression. This study was carried out the optimization of the mechanical properties as abrasion, bending, and hardness of the vulcanized material manufactured under its respective elastomeric base and its reinforcing load. SBR 1502 rubber with amorphous silicon dioxide, plus other compounds (activators, accelerants, plasticizers, vulcanization agent, and anti-degradants), was used for the manufacture of vulcanization. Material configuration, vulcanization time, and vulcanization temperature were taken as input factors, the influence of these factors on responses was analyzed using Response Surface Methodology (MSR). For the optimization of experimental responses, the desirability function was used to generate the results and indicated that the optimal factors to take advantage of experimental responses or mechanical properties were the configuration of 18 Kg SBR 1502 \(+\) 7,7749 Kg amorphous silicon dioxide \(+\) 5.5 Kg other compounds, vulcanization time of 6 min, and vulcanization temperature of 165 \(^{\circ }\)C, with an overall desirability value of 0.8581.

Technology provides a great variety of opportunities in different educational fields from virtual libraries to the use of state-of-the-art equipment and sensors such as the Leap Motion Controller, which highlights due to its precision when detecting gestures made with hands and fingers. In this study, this sensor was utilized together with Unity to develop an application called VISDOM motor, which enables consolidating the learning of electric motors in an entertaining and dynamic manner, operating a fluent and easy to use interface, with gestures that are natural and adaptable to both right-handed and left-handed people. Functionality and satisfaction tests were carried out to validate the application, which exhibited good results with an average score of 94% in the functionality of the application.

Hearing-impaired people have trouble communicating with the rest of society because they do not have an effective and inexpensive means of communication. People who learn sign language find it difficult to locate qualified interpreters who can get their message across. This article proposes the development of a software application, using artificial vision and digital image processing to translate the Ecuadorian Sign Language (ESL) into the written language of the Latin alphabet. The objective of this research is to create an economic support system for people with hearing disabilities to improve their autonomy and reduce the cost of medical care. For the creation of the system, digital image processing was performed through four stages: acquisition, preprocessing, the extraction of characteristics, and recognition-translation into the Latin alphabet language. Within the controlled tests conducted in this research, an average processing time of 905.88 ms was obtained, i.e., less than one second for each letter. Regarding the precision in the translation of the system, the efficiency of 97% was obtained.

This article presents a systematic study for the selection of classifiers for hand gesture recognition by electromyography signals. The selection of a classifier can be determined using an arbitrary search criterion or employing an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The classifiers are determined as alternatives, which for the study are K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Naïve Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). Each of these alternatives is selected through search criteria, which are average training accuracy, average testing accuracy, sampling fee, average acceptance rating, and scrap rating average. These criteria and alternatives allow through a systematic study and the AHP model to select each search factor of the analysis of the systematic mapping (SMS) quantitatively. The results determine the KNN and SVM classifiers as the most used for research projects in electromyography signal recognition (EMG).

The Sustainability Balanced Scorecard (SBSC) allows companies to track organizational operations and measure their impact on company objectives. To monitor the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities and ensure its alignment with the company’s strategy, CSR elements need to be integrated into the organization’s dashboards. The main goals of this study are threefold: (1) identify the main CSR elements and the proposal of an analysis scheme for CSR’s strategies; (2) assess local and regional CSR implementations using the previously identified elements, and (3) incorporate the identified CSR metrics into a management dashboard based on the findings of the previous steps. Both a systematic literature review and in-depth analysis of case studies were used in this study. The results show that four elements: principles, dimensions, stakeholders, and means can be applied to analyze CSR strategies consistently. In addition, a structure for a management dashboard that incorporates subcategories and indicators for the assessment of sustainable CSR strategies aligned with the company goals is proposed.