Advances in Disaster Management, Volume 2

To study the dispensing pattern and decision-making habits of dispensers with respect to anti-reflection coating (ARC) in Delhi-NCR region. Method: The validated survey questionnaire was distributed to 245 dispensers in optical outlets across Delhi-NCR through electronic media and trained personnel. Responses obtained were collected, and the data entered in MS Excel were converted to Stata for analysis using Stata Version 11. Result: Out of 104 responders, a majority were males (89%). Their years of experience ranged from 4 months to 45 years (12yrs ± 10.58). 76% of the respondents had formal education in optometry/optician. Verbal form of communication was the most preferred mode of explaining care and maintenance (87%) as well benefits of ARC (86%) to the consumer. A majority (95%) of the dispensers in the study reportedly dispensed plano ARC lenses. High prescriptions (95%), high index lenses (95%), and computer/VDU users (93%) were the major indicators for recommending ARC lenses to consumers. Visual clarity (96%) and reduced eye strain (86%) were used as major benefits of ARC to convince the consumer. The quality of ARC (98%) was a major factor in their decision-making. Conclusion: Majority of the dispensers in the study had clarity on indications and benefits of ARC on prescription lenses. The quality of ARC was a major decision-making factor for dispensing ARC lenses by the majority of the dispensers in the study. However, myths pertaining to the benefits of plano ARC need to be cleared as a high number of plano ARC lenses were reported to be dispensed. Most dispensers preferred using verbal instructions to explain care and maintenance and illustrate benefits of ARC. They should use demonstration tools and visual aids more often to create a better impact and help the consumers understand the benefits better.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a medical condition characterized by the formation of blood clots within deep veins, most commonly found in the lower extremities. These clots have the potential to impede blood flow in affected veins and pose a significant risk when they dislodge and travel to the lungs, causing a life-threatening complication known as pulmonary embolism (PE). Trauma is one of the most common causes of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Furthermore, the long-term consequence of DVT, known as post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS), can lead to persistent symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency, such as leg pain, swelling, heaviness, and, in severe cases, the development of venous ulcers. Doppler ultrasonography is the main diagnostic tool for identifying deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremities. Anticoagulation medication is the current standard of treatment for DVT. There is a lack of scientific literature concerning the role of physical therapy following a DVT event. This case underscores the importance of a multifaceted approach to DVT management in young patients with multiple risk factors. Case: This case report details the clinical journey of a 19-year-old female with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) involving the left common iliac, external iliac, common femoral, and superficial femoral veins. The patient presented with a history of a high-impact lower extremity injury, obesity, and vitamin deficiencies as major risk factors, which contributed to the development and persistence of the DVT. Her DVT was managed through a combination of anticoagulation, nutritional supplementation, and an intensive six-month physical therapy program, resulting in the successful resolution of chronic thrombus. Discussion: This case illustrates the complex nature of DVT in young individuals with multiple risk factors. While anticoagulation therapy is crucial in DVT management, the persistence of chronic thrombus necessitates a multifaceted approach. Physiotherapy interventions, such as ankle-toe pumps and leg elevation, can significantly enhance venous return and minimize clot formation. Compression therapy also offers benefits by reducing tissue swelling and improving calf muscle function. Conclusion: The successful management of chronic DVT in this young female patient highlights the significance of a comprehensive approach. Combining anticoagulation therapy with tailored physical therapy led to the resolution of chronic thrombus, improved quality of life, and post-thrombotic symptoms for the patient. This case emphasizes the importance of individualized treatment plans in chronic DVT cases with multifactorial risk factors.

Introduction: People with low back pain can be found in all age groups and socioeconomic backgrounds. Acute, subacute, and chronic low back pain afflicted 577 million persons globally in 2017; the point prevalence was 7.83%. About 65 million years were lost to low back pain in 2017. The lifetime prevalence ranges from 35 to 80%, while the annual prevalence ranges from 5% to as high as 65%. According to cross-sectional data, the first signs of lower back pain typically appear around the age of 30, and they peak in frequency between the ages of 45 and 60. LBP is no longer an age-related condition. Remarkably, 39.8% of teenagers are also reported to have lower back pain. It restricts daily activities for 10–40% of teenagers. Method: We looked through the following databases. Systematic searching was done from 2005 to the present-day using PubMed, Google Scholar, Pedro, and the Cochrane Library. The search terms used were a combination of key words: “manual therapy, acute and subacute low back pain, disability, pain.” Boolean operators OR and AND were used in conjunction with these search terms to either widen or narrow the search. Results: The outcomes in relations of reducing discomfort, disability, improving purposeful status in participants with non-specific sudden and intermittent pain in the lower back have been better when compared to other manual therapies such as Mulligan, Manual Thrust Manipulation, Compression Myofascial Trigger Point Therapy, Active Back Program, and Spinal Manipulation. Conclusion: This literature review summary offers a thorough synthesis of the data pertaining to the various forms of manual therapy and their effectiveness in mitigating the symptoms of both non-specific sudden and intermittent pain in the lower back. Mulligan's evidence from multiple studies indicates that patients treated with manual thrust manipulation, compression myofascial trigger point therapy, active back programs, and spinal manipulation have improved outcomes in relations of discomfort, incapacity, and purposeful status for both non-specific sudden and intermittent pain in the lower back.