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2020 | Buch

Advances in Human Factors, Business Management and Leadership

Proceedings of the AHFE 2019 International Conference on Human Factors, Business Management and Society, and the AHFE International Conference on Human Factors in Management and Leadership, July 24-28, 2019, Washington D.C., USA

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This book presents practical approaches for facilitating the achievement of excellence in the management and leadership of organizational resources. It shows how the principles of creating shared value can be applied to ensure faster learning, training, business development, and social renewal. In particular, it presents novel methods and tools for tackling the complexity of management and learning in both business organizations and society. Discussing ontologies, intelligent management systems, methods for creating knowledge and value added, it offers novel insights into time management and operations optimization, as well as advanced methods for evaluating customers’ satisfaction and conscious experience. Based on two conferences, the AHFE 2019 International Conference on Human Factors, Business Management and Society, and the AHFE 2019 International Conference on Human Factors in Management and Leadership, held in July 24-28, 2019, Washington D.C., USA, the book provides both researchers and professionals with new tools and inspiring ideas for achieving excellence in various business activities.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Leadership Views

Frontmatter
Enhanced Higher Education - Industry Cooperation Improving Work Capabilities of Sales Engineering Graduates

Sales engineers (SE) sell technical products and services to companies, and their results are crucial for their employers. They need technical knowledge and commercial competencies, but also management and soft skills, all fundamental for SE to be highly performant in their job. Students cannot learn this variety neither at university nor in industry alone. Instead, cooperation is required. Whereas academic-industrial cooperation for research or specific study programs is discussed in literature, this is not yet the case for enhanced industrial involvement in students’ education. The authors present two case studies of industrial implication in students’ education in Germany and France as benchmark and basis for a new approach of academic-industrial cooperation in education in Finland. This cooperation is developed in the frame of the project ‘RADICAL - Filling Skills Gaps in Blue Industry by Radical Competence Boost in Engineering VET’, co-funded by the Erasmus+ program of the European Union.

Ludger Schneider-Störmann, Thomas Röhr, Rauni Jaskari, Timo Holopainen, Tero Reunanen
Visualization of the Wisdom Cube Scientific Knowledge Space for Management and Leadership

Knowledge creation in organizations is crucial for their continuing existence. We are interested in querying and understanding what we know, how we know, what we do, and how we can justify everything so that we can lead and manage organizations. Therefore, it is important to follow the epistemological tradition, i.e., Episteme. This, however, is not enough, as reasoning has to go hand in hand with knowledge creation, i.e., Sophia, to know why things are done, what concepts are used, and what goals are possible. Techne, in turn, together with scientific and theoretical knowledge, develops new important technical and practical knowledge to make things happen. These three knowledge dimensions still lack real hands-on practical knowledge and wisdom, i.e., Phronesis, to show how and to know what should be decided. This research paper shows how the four different dimensions of knowledge can be used to understand the philosophical background of knowledge and wisdom creation.

Hannu Vanharanta, Evangelos Markopoulos
Value Creation in Three Clusters Focusing on Chemistry

In the presented study three clusters that focus into chemical industry were studied to explore value creation created by the cluster entities and the companies within the cluster by conducting qualitative remote interviews of 13 stakeholders located in three cluster of Smart Chemistry Park in Finland, InfraLeuna in Germany and Jurong Island in Singapore. The highest value created in the studied clusters was associated with collaboration. The second highest value created was considered to be the creation of networks (in itself related to collaboration), followed by infrastructure and development and innovation.

Timo Holopainen, Jukka Rantala
Leadership Role Models for Young Professionals - Case Study from Finnish University Students

Leadership is a concept that is proven very hard to define unambiguously. Despite of this scientific gap, practical questions still are set towards leadership. Concept of leadership is widely used in other research and it is one of the most interesting research issues in organizations. Good leadership is like good quality; we can recognize it when we experience it, but it is quite hard to define where this feeling of good or bad quality came from. Data was gathered in 2015–2017 from students in Turku University of Applied Sciences. Students analyzed their former leaders with open answers. We employed a mix method design with both quantitative and qualitative analysis. For quantitative analysis, we employed automated content analysis based on Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. Results show that autocratic leadership is connected to negative picture of leader with in millennials Future research aspects and recommendations are issued in this paper.

Tero Reunanen, Eyal Eckhaus
UDA-ERP: Theory, Development and Conflicts

Technology quickly advances and many times this produces a gap between technological advances that marks the industry and efforts that companies do for adopt them. Either it is not easy to know in depth the aspects that involve the development and management of an ERP, personally or in study centers, due to the large number of issues that be addressed, it is considered that the most appropriate approach to understand these is the parallel learning to the use and implementation of these tools. This work indicates the main aspects linked to an ERP system focusing mainly from the perspective of manufacturing. For reach it, a theoretical description of the key productive aspects involved in the development and implementation of an ERP system. It was possible by following the research process carried out by the “UDA - Universidad del Azuay” for the development of its UDA-ERP software, focused on being a product of attachment for the link with the community, mainly aimed at strengthening the MSMEs of Ecuador and the professional development of the university students.

Catalina V. Astudillo-Rodríguez, Juan Manuel Maldonado-Matute, Paul E. Crespo-Martínez

Human Factors, Business Management and Efficiency

Frontmatter
The Effect of Macro Environmental and Firm-Level Factors on Open Innovations in Product Development and Their Impact on Firms’ Performance

Most research on open innovation and product development concentrates on developing effective collaborative models to develop competitive products. Little research considers macro environmental and firm-level factors while developing such models. These factors can possibly affect outsourcing innovations in product development and later overall firm performance. As such, this research investigates how macro environmental and firm-level factors link with open innovations in product development and their relationship with the firm’s overall performance. First, the conceptual framework of outsourcing innovations was synthesized from open innovation and business partnership related literature. A total of 60 intensive R&D-based firms were surveyed in 20 countries concerning the effects of macro environmental and firm-level factors on product development and its performance. Statistical techniques were used to analyse the data. The collected data helped to identify seven important macro environmental and firm-level factors. The results provided support for the conceptual framework and described the impact of all factors on developed product performance and the firm’s overall performance in the given market. An implication for managers is that the provider’s host country environment has no direct impact on a firm’s performance.

Afnan Zafar, Jussi Kantola
Four Conceptual Perspectives of Innovation Components

The study provides a detailed analysis of high impact to market innovations, without sorting whether these are innovations of low or high technological progress. The research base sample includes a detailed analysis of 58 consumer product innovations that reached a high market impact over the period 2014–2017, i.e. the consumers purchased them considerably more than other innovations. The study examines the components of these innovations in detail; they are also grouped into 4 basic groups. It is concluded in the study that the high impact to market innovations are made up of recurring 34 components. The study also concludes that the open innovation components only partly overlap with the innovation components that have been studied so far on the level of both micro and macro innovation eco-systems.

Jelena Salkovska, Anda Batraga, Liga Braslina, Daina Skiltere, Girts Braslins, Henrijs Kalkis, Aija Legzdina
Gossip and Pro Social Behavior

Volunteerism is pro-social behavior that positively affects both society and the volunteers themselves. Gossip is also a pro-social behavior, but usually perceived as negative. This research focuses on the effect of pro-social attitudes, age, and gossip on pro-social behavior, and specifically on the intention to volunteer.A mixed method design was employed, combining manual and automated classification methods. Predicated on data elicited from 598 respondents, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), followed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) for convergent and discriminant validity were conducted. Path Analysis was used for goodness-of-fit analysis. The findings confirmed the hypotheses, suggesting that age, anti-gossip, and pro-social attitudes precede the intention to volunteer. Gossip was found to be perceived as negative despite its positive characteristics. This study represents an important attempt at determining the antecedents of the intention to volunteer as well as adding to our knowledge of gossip and refuting ageist stereotypes.

Eyal Eckhaus, Batia Ben-Hador
Inno-Kinetic: Innovative Approach for Strategic Management

Since 1971 when concept of corporate strategy was proposed, strategic management has been the most powerful approach for all types of business management and administration. Strategic management has been challenged by many scholar’s fields such as; resource base theory, industrial organization theory, contingency theory, and etc. Supportive strategic management theories also have been developed and created.In last decade, innovation appears in business battlefield as key weapon that indicate winner or loser. There are many researches explain on innovation, characteristics, typology, effect on business success and etc. All strategists in business have no doubt on innovation and try to create it in their firms. Furthermore, process of innovation has been regarded as the center of interests from many business fields to find out and leading to 2 different models: closed and open innovation, to make innovation done in business firm. After that, numerous innovations were launch to market and make “adverse event”; change value and supply chain, disrupts old version product, change business model and etc., that significantly impact business environment, but no one exactly describe the phenomena as above. This paper is the first to explain the adverse effect in the relation to theory and provide argument with some strongly evidence.Kinetic, resulting from motion, are used to be the basic approach, and five phases of Inno-Kinetic (Kinetic of Innovation) are proposed to explain the movement of innovation in this paperAfter innovation is launched, innovation’s movement will influence many compositions of business. The empirical evidence show that some innovation affects the business before its establishment, The Zero phase, “4As phase”, innovators must diffuse some knowledge for value chain and supply chain creation. Relative businesses within business environment will take responsibility in 4 As; adopt, adjust-adapt, advocate and avoid, that will shape innovation feature. The 1st phase; “All or None phase,” key compositions as rival and customer are dominant role to accept or reject. Acceptation of them will induce support from others to access some specific resources (on not resist to acquire). On the other hand, rejection will induce resistance to operate that some innovation that is destroyed by rejection. The 2nd phase, “Absorption phase,” after first group of potential customers accept innovation, some of them, who act as the influencer will be the key opinion leader (KOL), who will take role as the “Guru” and send messages about advantage of innovation to other change agents. The 3rd phase, “Distribution phase,” the message will be quickly distributed from the change agents both through the formal and informal communication. At this phase, personal bias is the most powerful to drive demand (or inhibit). The 4th phase, “Digestion phase,” all customers will experience innovation by themselves then make a decision whether to repeat or reject. The last phase, “3 Es phase”, response of innovation will reflect the owner to evaluate (1st E) and find solution that will make elongation (2nd E) of innovation life cycle or time to the end (3rd E).Under the hypothesis, good strategy come from suitable data, the 5 phases of Inno-Kinetic may be innovative approach for strategic management in the future.

Varit Intrama, Gunthon Uiyamatiti, Pakpachong Vadhanasindhu
Lean Manufacturing Model Based on Knowledge Management to Increase Compliance in the Production Process in Peruvian SMEs in the Textile Garment Sector

Over time, the textile sector has been globally represented and characterized by increasingly demanding customers, which has forced companies to seek more flexible processes. However, these changes in production methods have also generated greater wastes, a common problem, which also leads to a greater number of defaults on meeting the demand. As a result, several efforts have been made to solve this issue, such as using emerging Lean or Just-in-Time philosophies with different approaches. Likewise, high sector turnover sometimes causes learning to become tedious, thus affecting the knowledge which has already been acquired. Therefore, this paper proposes a Lean Manufacturing model, bolstered by knowledge management to guarantee its viability over time. A simulation using the Arena software reduced non-compliances with companies’ production schedule up to 80%.

Camila Cortez, Nicole Di Laura, Gino Viacava, Carlos Raymundo, Francisco Dominguez

Business Development

Frontmatter
Intermediary Organization and Collaboration Platform for SMEs

Due to globalization and the ever-changing business environment, Small and Medium Size Enterprises (SME) need to be efficient and competitive in order to survive. Interfirm collaboration becomes helpful to achieve the company’s target. However, most of the SMEs are not able to collaborate effectively. This article, therefore, focuses on the underlying factors that affect SMEs interfirm collaboration while having in mind the role of intermediary organization and collaboration platforms play. A mixed strategy research method that includes qualitative and quantitative approach is used. The theoretical framework analyses different type of interfirm collaboration, intermediary organization and collaboration platforms. Based on the theoretical model of interfirm collaboration, the results indicate the need for SMEs in that regard based on the analysis of a survey. They consider collaboration as an important part of their business. However, their biggest problems remain the lack of resources, inability to find a suitable partner and adequate digital tools.

Kodjovi Lotchi, Ebo Kwegyir-Afful, Afnan Zafar, Ari Sivula, Jussi Kantola
Company Decision Factors While Choosing the Future Location for the Future Business

The competitive environment of the future is in a rapid change and companies have to reflect on their own competition and their own strategies. As one of the key issues enterprise has the choice of location, that supports the company’s strategy and survival in future competition. In the future, the placement of companies will not be based on traditional industrial-age competition factors such as transport links, the extent of the customer base, the availability of raw materials or the availability of labor. The fourth transition period of industrial society re-evaluates the company’s competitive factors. Key and simultaneous megatrends such as digitization and explosive growth in information, new technologies, climate change, urbanization, resource constraints, etc. also change traditional demand and supply balance and consumption habits. The business environment is complex and difficult to foresee, and for a single company the change cannot be clearly demonstrated. This article tries to highlight the factors that the company should focus on when designing its business and defining the location and establishment environment. In addition, the article looks at the factors that the company must take into account in the fourth transformation of industrial society. The article also provides a business-oriented perspective for the needs of regional development.

Heikki Ruohomaa, Vesa Salminen
Ecosystem-Based Development on Managing Digital Transformation

Digitalization, megatrends, the new opportunities offered by technologies have caused societies to break through towards the fourth industrial transformation. It will change the whole society and its structures alongside the business. All societies, not just corporations, but also cities and regions, have to prepare for the change caused by digitalization. That challenges also traditional organizational structures. This requires a new type of business operation and organization. As a nation, Finland is adopting an ecosystem approach to resource-efficient orientation, avoiding mutual competition and increasing rapid innovation activity. Agile implementation of new issues is essential in different ministries. The national goal is to be the leading country in the exploitation of digitalization. Cities are responding to the rapid development of society and are moving from traditional organizational structures to ecosystem development and building their own network to involve in developing new operations. While cities largely receive their own funding as taxes, development and change management must be considered in the same way as in businesses. A key measure of efficiency is the improved service and achieved cost efficiency. The article examines the transition to ecosystem-based development of the Hämeenlinna city on the Finnish Growth Corridor.

Heikki Ruohomaa, Vesa Salminen
A Model for Capturing Tacit Knowledge in Enterprises

The recognition for tacit knowledge started in the early sixties and since then companies and enterprises have been trying to acquire this important type of knowledge to help them in decision making, support innovation, create value, and thrive. Researchers have developed tools like interviewing with valuable knowledge holders (experts) or storytelling techniques to help in acquiring, codifying, and sharing information, knowledge and making processes better. This paper presents a new holistic concept and model to integrate artificial intelligence applications for knowledge creation and retention. The model presented is called the Intelligent Model for Acquiring and Retrieving Knowledge (I-MARK). Integrating the artificial intelligence tools in knowledge management applications for internal use in enterprises will advance the skills, capability, and competence of organizational learning and support slow, inaccurate and fuzzy way working human brains to be more proficient and accurate in solving problems and decision making.

Yehya Soliman, Hannu Vanharanta
Responsibility Caps from Strategy to Operations in Leadership and Management – Conceptual Model

Major scale strategy transitions seems to fail in most cases. Former researches shows that there has been large amounts of efforts to develop and study strategy formulation, but strategy implementation has been left with minor interest. This article focuses to strategy implementation from obstacles perspective. Article binds obstacles, actions and phases in strategy implementation to one holistic concept and provides ground for future research. Approach is integrating leadership, management and time management matters to change management in strategy implementation. Article highlights the responsibilities of top and middle management.

Tero Reunanen
ENGINE Model – Changing Higher Education with Industry Cooperation

The rapidly growing maritime industry of Southwestern Finland is suffering from lack of engineers. Industrial Management Engineers including Sales Engineers have technical knowledge and commercial competencies as well as management and soft skills, which are all fundamental for the maritime sector. However, it takes rather long time before a graduated engineer will be a productive worker for the company. A solution to getting the students faster operational into the companies is to deepen cooperation between higher education and industry during the studies and increase workplace based learning following the examples available in e.g. Germany and France. The authors present a new approach of academic-industrial cooperation in education in Finland which is developed in the frame of the project ‘RADICAL - Filling Skills Gaps in Blue Industry by Radical Competence Boost in Engineering VET (VET: Vocational Education and Training)’, co-funded by the Erasmus+ program of the European Union.

Rauni Jaskari, Timo Holopainen, Tero Reunanen, Martin Grotjahn, Thomas Röhr, Ludger Schneider-Störmann

Business Management and Society: Market Views

Frontmatter
Customer Experience in Online-Retailing – An Analysis of the Main Segments in German Online-Retailing

In line with the continuous growth rates in online retailing, the competitive situation for retailers has intensified. In order to strengthen their market position and exploit further potential, online retailers need to create a strong customer experience. The objective of the paper is to analyze the customer experience at the largest German online retailers with the aim of finding out whether the main four segments (marketplaces, generalists, fashion, consumer electronics) differ with respect to customer experience.This study is based on extensive qualitative (focus groups) and quantitative research (a representative sample of 1,000 German online buyers). The construct “customer experience” was conceptualized and operationalized as a multidimensional construct with five dimensions: customer’s cognitive, fulfillment-related, affective, social and sensorial experience.The data from the quantitative survey were analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis as well as a structural equation model. Looking at the five individual dimensions, there are significant differences between the four industry segments for four of the dimensions, namely cognitive, fulfillment-related, affective and social customer experience. With regard to the sensorial experience dimension, there are no significant differences.

Silvia Zaharia, Matthias Schmitz
Assessing the Sustainability of Crowdfunding in Social Media and Google Trends

This paper aims to assess the degree to which sustainability, namely, economic, social, environmental and institutional dimensions are integrated within the public discourse on crowdfunding in social media and in Google Trends. The utilizing Social Media Analytics and Google Trends search queries, respectively, we track discussions on crowdfunding in user-generated content published in social media and analyse the Google Trends queries. Quantitative methodology, namely, multivariate analysis and econometric models was used, in order nowcast the insights about the importance of the sustainability dimensions in the crowdfunding. The results show an interesting trend of increasing popularity search terms in sustainability dimensions as a proxi of marketing strategies to involve the participants in the crowdfunding projects.

Maria José Palma Lampreia Dos-Santos, Manuel Mota, Maria Fátima Ferreiro, Nawaz Ahmad, Rizwan Raheem Ahmed, Carlos Machado-Santos, Emiliana Silva
Knowledge Management Model to Support a Supply Chain for Timely Order Delivery in a Telecommunications Equipment Marketing Company

Over the years, the telecommunications sector has steadily grown in the last ten years while gaining relevance in the global market. Management of the supply chain generates various risks and complications, and many industries seek effective supply chain operation methods to meet their variable requirements. The objective of this research is to propose a supply-chain model focused on on-time delivery compliance with substantial support of knowledge management methodologies. The research study yielded a 91% increase in compliance from the given scenario.

Nicolle Vargas, Denisse Villaverde, Gino Viacava, Carlos Raymundo, Francisco Dominguez
A Study on Concepts Development of “Locavore” for Restaurant Managers in Taiwan

The issues of the food safety, the increasing globalization of food production, and the perceived food risks have raised consumer’s doubt about the industrial food system and changed consumer’s purchasing habits. That is resulting in the emerging food system that food produced and consumed locally. The short supply food chain and transparent procedure could enhance food quality. The basis of the local food system is the face-to-face relationship between producers and consumers. However, there are many different concepts in the literature that explain the local food system. The purpose of this study is the concept of local food systems and ‘Local Consumption of Locally Produced, LCLP’ from the restaurant manager’s perspective. This study will conduct a review of literature related to the local food system and the ‘Locavore’, and through personal interviewing, focus groups, to understand ‘LCLP’, as well as conceptualize comprise production, consumption, and management dimensions. Findings provide the local food system and the specific approach by the ‘Locavore’ in restaurant operations strategy as a future reference for the management plan.

Shao-Chieh Lin, Jen-Son Cheng, Shieh-Liang Chen, Peng-Jyun Liu

Business Management and Society: Employment Views

Frontmatter
Benefits of Employees Social Network Sites Profiles for Job Applicants

This paper investigates the benefits of social network site (SNS) profiles of employees for candidates. The research is interested in identifying the value of information contained within SNS profiles to applicants. The knowledge that potential candidates use SNS profiles during the employment seeking process is important for companies to know how to use such profiles successfully. The digitalization and change of the labor market are new circumstances for companies. That needs innovative and new solutions to support the employment seeking process. The research used an online survey for target group with 362 respondents per analyzed item. This research provides a deeper insight into the operations of SNSs profiles and provides explanations as to how and why individuals use SNSs.

Tom Sander, Biruta Sloka, Henrijs Kalkis
Econometric Modeling of Wage Discrimination Towards Women in the Accounting Profession

This research analyzes the factors that affect to wage discrimination of women in the accounting profession. Wage discrimination takes place when men and women receive unequal pay for the same job. This paper, using econometrics modeling, show the existence of wage discrimination among accounting professionals and the variables that determine it. The results provide information about that gender wage discrimination exists, and that the factors that cause it in this group of professionals are years in college, compliance with salary, age, professional degree, job satisfaction, college satisfaction, the type of company in which they work (public, private or mixed), and the size of it and labor mobility.

Estela Rodríguez Quezada, Cecilia Gallegos Muñoz, Hanns de la Fuente-Mella
High Performance Work Systems and Employee Turnover Intentions: Moderating Effect of Psychological Attachment

In the world of business today, consolidating human resource policies and practices into High-Performance Work System has become crucial not only for employees and organisational success, but also for achieving competitive advantage. Accordingly, extant literature argues that high-performance work systems has a direct effect on individuals behaviour rather than been influenced by other variables. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, to examine the relationship between high-performance work systems and employee turnover intention. Second, to test the moderating effect of psychological attachment on high performance work systems and turnover intention. For the purpose of achieving the objectives of this study, the research adopted a cross-sectional and correlating survey design. A multi-staged sampling technique was used to sample two hundred and twenty-four (224) employees from the Ghanaian banking sector. Both correlation and regression analysis were used to test relationship and predictability of outcome variable by the predictor while Hayes PROCESS was used to test for moderation. Results revealed that there was a negative relationship between high-performance work systems and psychological attachment. It was also found that a negative relationship exist between high-performance work systems and employee turnover intention. Additionally, psychological attachment is found to moderate the relationship between high-performance work systems and turnover intention. It is however argued that employees will seek other opportunities elsewhere if human resource policies and practices does not lead to commitment or being psychologically attached to the organisation.

Ophelia Delali Dogbe Zungbey, Noble Osei Bonsu, Michael Akomeah Ofori Ntow, Evans Sokro
Constructing a Work Motivation Model Based on “Benefit Delay” and “Benefit Enjoyment”

We constructed a work motivation model for professional workers based on “benefit delay,” a key concept we created that represents the time gap between performing actions that produce benefits and their subsequent enjoyment. Labor can be regarded as the investment of production resources of a worker in the execution of their duties, and an opportunity to enjoy the benefit of improved professional competence. We conducted a questionnaire survey to clarify the effect of enjoyment and delay of benefits. The results of the survey showed that the improvement of professional workers’ competence depends on their experience gained through work; therefore, there can be a delay in enjoyment. If the result of investing their resources is delayed and unclear, work motivation may decline, and career changes will be encouraged. However, during a period when the functional benefits are delayed, “emotional benefit” and “perspective benefit” may function complementarily to generate work motivation.

Kazuhiro Fujimura
A Leadership and Demographic View of the Nexus Between Emotional Intelligence and Job Satisfaction in Ghana’s Banking Sector

The paper examines the relationship between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction levels of employees in the Ghanaian banking sector and whether the relationship is moderated by the transformational and transactional leadership styles. It also examines the influence of some demographic variables (age and educational levels) on the relationship. A cross-sectional design was used with standardized questionnaires to collect data. Both the simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques were adopted to select respondents. 208 bankers was engaged in the study. The results indicated a positive relationship between bankers’ emotional intelligence and their job satisfaction (β = .02, p = .38) although not statistically significant. However, transactional leadership (β = .18, p = .04) and transformational leadership (β = .17, p = .02) significantly moderated the relationship. The study shows the importance of leadership styles in facilitating job satisfaction among bankers and also reveals that age and high educational qualifications are not yardsticks for one’s level of emotional intelligence.

Kwasi Dartey-Baah

Social and Digital Views

Frontmatter
Understanding the Nature of Entrepreneurial Leadership in the Startups Across the Stages of the Startup Lifecycle

Start-ups are important part of the world economy. Despite the astonishing rate of the start-up creation, their viability and success remain to be relatively low. Reasons behind the failure are diverse and complex. The leadership has been recognized as an important factor influencing the performance of start-ups. The paper argues that entrepreneurial leadership theory can effectively capture the complex processes in start-ups. Τhe paper explores a broader understanding of the entrepreneurial leadership by examining the context around which the entrepreneurial leadership occurs. Additionally, it includes leader and follower perspective in constructing the phenomenon. Lastly, the research reveals that it is important to view the Entrepreneurial leadership as a process developing along the stages of the start-up life cycle. The findings suggest that leadership is changing across the lifespan of the start-ups and distinct conditions and features are characteristic for the entrepreneurial leadership within each respective stage.

Nino Dvalidze, Evangelos Markopoulos
Social and Economic Principles of Single Mothers’ Support in Ukraine

The article clarifies single mothers’ social needs and interests. Suggestions for improving the sphere of social services provision and new forms of social support for this category of citizens have been made on this basis. It has been determined that organizational content and socio-economic aspects of social services have to be developed and improved. The article defines that it is urgent to create conditions for the inclusion of the non-governmental sector in the provision of social services to single mothers, expand the range of services oriented towards the prevention of social orphanhood and form conscious paternity and social rehabilitation. The results of the study showed that it is expedient to initiate new forms of social support at the community level, including special education courses and single mothers’ training, social rental service, social specialized baby shops, helplines, hot lines, children’s rooms and baby rooms, courses for future mothers and young mothers, self-care groups, leisure centers at the place of residence, etc.

Oxana Kravchenko, Alla Voitovska, Natalia Koliada
The New Trends in Research on Social Responsibility of the University

The idea of Social Responsibility of the University has evolved during the last three decades. Due to rapid social and economical changes, relations between higher education institutions and their stakeholders have also changed drastically. Awareness of society and its expectations towards HEIs grew worldwide and a new and deep research project should be established to develop universities’ response to societal needs.

Marcin Geryk
Investigation on the Value Judgment Criteria of Customized Garment Products by Mass Consumers

In 2016, the space scale of mass customization market in China is 10.22 billion RMB. The customization market is growing rapidly. It is expected to reach 200 billion RMB by 2020, which will be a huge consumer market. In 1954, marketing scientist Drucker pointed out what customers buy and consume is not the product, but the value. In the consumption process, Consumers meet the needs of the subject value through the object of the value of the property in the custom clothing products. However, in the current research results, there are many contents about the types and production modes of customized clothing brands, but few contents about consumer demand and the judgment criteria of consumer value. So, in order to have a clearer understanding of contemporary Chinese customized clothing consumers’ judgment criteria for the value of clothing products. On the basis of the previous research, this study drew up 24 issues related to the value judgment of apparel products, which are mainly divided into two parts: the value needs of the value subject and the value attributes of the value object. Through the network questionnaire, 169 survey samples were received. The results show: 1. Contemporary Chinese mass consumer groups have the desire to consume customized clothing, but not strong; 2. There are obvious differences in demand among different value subjects; 3. Among the current value demand of clothing design, the most important is the practical demand for customized clothing, namely, the tailored clothing, one-person-one-edition, and the practical function suitable for their own characteristics; 4. The social demand for customized clothing is weakened, and people’s attention to value has changed from other people’s evaluation to self-recognition. This is not consistent with Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, but also worth thinking about. 5. People’s desire for cultural demand, emotional demand and personal development demand is basically the same.

Jun Yin, Hui Tao, Xuewei Jiang
Host Country Nationals’ Perceptions of Expatriates and Social Support: Does Host Country Nationals’ Position Matter?

Studies have acknowledged the unique role of host country nationals in the expatriation process as they often play a critical role in exptriate assignment success. However, the association between host country nationals’ perceptions of expatriates and social support has not been thoroughly investigated in the expatriation literature. In addition, little is known about how the position occupied by host country nationals influence their inclination to support expatriates. This study empirically examines the effects of host country nationals’ perceptions of expatriates on social support in sub-Saharan Africa host nation using the mixed methods research approach. The results of the study revealed that host country nationals’ perceptions positively influenced social support. Openness and expatriate privileges are significantly associated with social support. Results suggest that expatriate position may either strengthen or weaken host country nationals perception-social support relationships.

Evans Sokro

Management and Leadership of Company and Organizational Cultures

Frontmatter
Attracting Tertiary International Students to the EHEA: Does Continent of Origin Matter?

The rise of international students has generated significant attention around the world including in the EHEA which has set out to increase international student mobility. In this paper we analyze patterns in the mobility of international students using the temporal framework developed by Choudaha [1]. We also look at variation within the EHEA and, more importantly, variation in the sending countries. The aim of this paper is therefore to increase our understanding of patterns in International student Mobility by focusing on the region of origin of students. By analyzing data made available by the UNESCO institute of statistics we uncovered that there are indeed substantial differences when looking at both host and countries. The implications of these findings are discussed with regards to effectively attracting and retaining international students.

Tijmen Weber, Florentin Popescu
Econometric Modeling of the Efficiency in the Generation of Electric Power in Chile

This research proposes the estimation of stochastic frontiers model using panel data, to measure the technical efficiencies in 4 perspectives for the electricity generation sector in Chile for the period 2010–2015. The first perspective is to analyze the main companies in the sector; the second is about generation plants based on their contribution only as energy generates; the third is also power plants, but this time considering its contribution as generation and security to the system; and a fourth analysis is following the third model, but this time only considering the year 2015 in order to get a greater sampling of power plants and generation sources. The estimation also used 2 functional forms of production for each analysis: Cobb-Douglas and Translogarithmic that are compared to obtain the best representation of the data. The results show to which companies, plants and generation sources are the most and least efficient.

Hanns de la Fuente-Mella, Ana María Vallina-Hernández, Rodrigo Estay-Cornejo
The Use of Ergonomic Methods for Ensuring the Competitiveness of Business Structures

Improving the competitiveness of business structures and developing a strategy for managing their competitiveness both in the long and medium term are the most important tasks for various economies of the world. It should be noted that the theoretical and methodological aspects of managing competitiveness are studied very one-sidedly. On the one hand, the issues of direct management of quality, cost, and various methods for optimizing them are well studied and continue to be studied by scientists. On the other hand, competitiveness is a complex concept, not reducible to the totality of its particular criteria, including ergonomic methods, namely, a systematic and comprehensive consideration of this problem and the relations formed around it have received insufficient attention. The purpose of the study is to develop scientifically based proposals on the management of the competitiveness of business structures.

Antonina Pakhomova, Yulia Salnikova, Larisa Namestnikova, Inna Marahovskaya
Selecting the Business Information Security Officer with ECU@Risk and the Critical Role Model

In all 21st century companies and organizations, human component is the main resource with which one counts, since their development and success will largely depend on it. In securing information activities, the human component becomes a strategic element, as those responsible for its management must know in detail the business model, vision, shared values and strategy. These elements, in addition to an applied organizational style model, will allow a business ISMS to achieve the objectives set. Under this premise, a methodology was applied based on the theory of a 20-step selection process developed by Martha Alles, who summarizes the identification, evaluation, selection, hiring and incorporation of suitable staff, allowing to identify the Business Information Security Officer, as suggested by the ECU@Risk methodology. For this purpose, we analyze the main components that make up the recruitment, evaluation, selection and hiring process. The controls to the fulfillment of the corporate goals, the strategic planning and the models of structure and business culture.

Paul Esteban Crespo-Martinez
Computer-Aided Occupational Risk Assessment of Physical Workload in the Logistics 4.0

Background: The fourth industrial revolution entails many changes, e.g. in logistics, needed employees’ skills. Current society is also changing, because of increasing life expectancy, globalization. The non-simultaneous modernization, caused by different economic situation in every country, needs agile and adequate solutions to protect health and safety of employees. Objectives: To overview the methods of assessing physical workload with emphasis on the suitability for intralogistics tasks in the context of Industry 4.0, Logistics 4.0 and following demographical changes. Methods: A critical review of the literature currently available on this topic. Results: There are many methods adjusted to assess physical workload of intralogistics workers besides of the one dedicated them. Only a few of them are implemented in computer applications based on DHM. Several allow modeling different populations.

Anna Maczewska, Aleksandra Polak-Sopinska, Zbigniew Wisniewski
Resistance in the Change Process

In the article, research findings are reported that were made during the verification analysis of DBMCI dynamic models. The models were developed in the research project on the dynamics of organizational change implementation. The analysis was performed in the research laboratory SYDYN. Six organizations, household appliance manufacturers, with the headcount ranging from 350 to 1480 were studied.The findings reveal the relationships between particular social phenomena (processes and subprocesses) and the dynamics of change implementation. Organizational change in time function was analyzed that took into account modeling factors. The findings are presented as models of dynamic responses of the implemented change in small groups of employees.

Zbigniew Wisniewski, Aleksandra Polak-Sopinska, Anna Maczewska, Tomasz Berner
The Role of Leadership in Organizations Managed in Conformity with ISO 9001 Quality Management System Standard

The role of top management in organizations managed in conformity with ISO 9001 Quality Management System (QMS) standard has been rising in importance. In view of this standard, leadership should play a fundamental role with regard to processes related to planning, support, operation, performance evaluation, and improvement. The aim of the article was to determine the effect of the ISO 9001 - Quality Management System standard on the responsibilities of top management with respect to the resources managed and processes carried out in the organization. Materials and methods: The study involved 30 enterprises in the food industry. The research participants were divided into two groups of equal size. One group included enterprises which have operated with a quality management system for at least seven years, whereas the other included organizations which have never been managed in conformity with the QMS standard. CAPI and PAPI techniques were used. For both of these quantitative methods an auctorial interview questionnaire was employed. Results: Indicators for all of the studied top management responsibilities (to the exclusion of demonstrating commitment to customer focus where both groups achieved the same results) bespeaking the commitment of top management to resource management and process completion were higher for the companies which had implemented an ISO 9001 QMS at least seven years prior to the study.

Anna Walaszczyk, Aleksandra Polak-Sopinska

Teamwork and Leadership Development

Frontmatter
Mind Matters 2: Engage and Develop Teams

We report on Mind Matters - a game based learning solution for training and developing Leadership competences. The overall game model in Mind Matters is that players can use a mind steering device enabling them to temporarily ‘taking over’ game characters and steering their behaviors. By doing so, the player influences the dialogue between the in-game characters within the scene. Here we describe Module 2.

Johan de Heer, Rafal Hrynkiewicz, Edward Faber, Thomas de Groot, Tije Oortwijn
Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Novel Team Development Intervention on Teamwork

The aim of the present research was to determine whether a brief, domain agnostic team training intervention could improve the teamwork of newly formed teams. Eight teams of five participants received training in submarine command and control before being randomly assigned to receive either a teamwork training intervention, or a cognitively matched control. Teamwork behaviors were measured during task performance pre- and post-intervention via observer-rated frequency counts. Preliminary analyses suggest that teams who received this novel intervention improved teamwork behaviors to a greater extent than control teams.

Leonie V. Webster, Aaron P. J. Roberts, Neville A. Stanton
Validation of Employee Engagement Framework

This study validates the employee engagement framework of the impact of training and development, digital capability, workplace spirituality, and reward and recognition on the employee engagement in the Saudi Arabian public healthcare. This research used a questionnaire to collect data from 235 employees in healthcare sector. Having used multivariate analyses, such as exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modelling to analyze the data collected, it was found that digital capability and workplace spirituality significantly contributed to employee engagement in Saudi Arabian healthcare sector. In addition, it was also found that job satisfaction partially mediate the relationships between digital capability and employee engagement, as well as workplace spirituality and employee engagement.

Abdulmohsan Almotawa, Roziana Bt Shaari
Proposal for Empowering Teams for the Purpose of Identification of Deviations and Elimination of Accidents

The present work suggests that the empowerment of each employee, making them sufficiently responsible, aware and with the capacity and authority to act on the deviations, will cause the risk management to achieve the desired results. Also discussed in this paper is the fact that, by placing the employee in a position to act with authority, there is, on his part, a vertical upward displacement along the Maslow pyramid. Therefore, it is observed that, as the employee ascends the scale, he begins to behave more actively, moving vertically downwards in the accident prevention pyramid, passing as a passive actor, at the risk of undergo an accident, to an attentive agent in the identification of deviations and acting on them, avoiding the evolution of the events along the sequence deviation, incident, near-accident, non-serious accident, serious accident. conditions before companies can efficiently collaborate in investigations.

Ricardo Sousa, Cristiane Fragoso, Diego Sousa
Leader as an Effective Strategy Implementer in Public Higher Education Institutions

The article presents the analysis of the contemporary concepts of a manager as a strategic leader based on the scientific publications and the research conducted in the framework of the research project. The aim of the project was to identify a correlation between a strategy of the educational organizations, its processes and the organizational structure. The role of the leader of the organization as a visionary, initiator and executor of changes was one of the elements which were analysed. The activities were conducted in the research group SYDYN.

Joanna Mnich, Zbigniew Wisniewski
ERP Research on the Influence of Different Types of Leadership Behavior on the Performance of Quality Management

This study had used the method of cognitive neuroscience to research the influence of different types of leadership behavior on the performance of quality management and verified the scientific of leadership behavior theory from the perspective of empirical science. Experimental results showed that different leadership styles significantly affected the accuracy, reaction time, attitude and contextual performance of the individuals in completing the task. There was obviously different influence on 1000–2100 ms brain waves in the process of task completion. The gender played an important regulatory role.

Yunhong Zhang, Zhaohong Zheng, Jian Kang, Chaoyi Zhao, Hong Luo, Aixian Li, Na Liu

Leadership, Change Process and Technology

Frontmatter
Applying Safety Leadership and Systems Thinking to the Formal and Informal Controls Approach Used in Safety and Risk Management Within the French Nuclear Sector

This paper proposes a new approach to risk and safety management, underpinned by systems thinking, applying safety leadership principles to develop and overcome the limits of Management Control Systems (MCS) used in two nuclear facilities of the French Atomic Energy and Alternative Energies Commission (CEA). These facilities execute similar activities by subcontracting, but have different managerial configurations. Using systemic thinking, 18 MCS common to both facilities were identified and an evolution of how one facility implements several of these MCS was observed; pinpointing dimensions of the Empowerment Leadership Model (EML) as a gearshift to this change. This research illustrates how CEA managers implement safety leadership to re-enforce risk prevention in their management of safety and of human and organizational factors. The implications of these findings are discussed by detailing how they may transform current and future MCS contractor-subcontractor practices, thereby responding to the continually evolving demands of the nuclear industry.

Diana Paola Moreno Alarcon, Jean Francois Vautier, Guillaume Hernandez, Franck Guarnieri
Work in the Age of Artificial Intelligence – Challenges and Potentials for the Design of New Forms of Human-Machine Interaction

In times of digital transformation, enterprises are facing great challenges in terms of management and work organization. In particular, the rapid progress in the field of artificial intelligence and cognitive systems requires a rethinking of by whom and how work activities will carried out in the future. The automation of routine processes and intelligent algorithms in some cases even allow new approaches and perspectives. For not only machines or intelligent algorithms are going to execute tasks, new forms of human-machine interaction represent valuable enablers of positioning the central role of humans. Therefore, it does not only require technological but also cultural development. By using new technologies and methods, tasks and jobs will change in the future: qualification requirements will transform, previous jobs will be lost and new job profiles will emerge. The demand for highly qualified staff will greatly increase. Especially digital competence will be in more demand than ever as will be the ability to control complexity and human creativity. Nevertheless, how to get there and how to create the missing socio-technological link? In this paper, the authors present selected currently available technological solutions in the field of artificial intelligence leading to new forms of human-machine interaction. In addition, the authors point out future demands on the skills of both employees and managers as well as appropriate training opportunities.

Wilhelm Bauer, Christian Vocke
Leadership and the Human Factor in an Enterprise Providing Services to the Polish Armed Forces

The article presents the results of the initial assessment analysis of the role played by the personnel in aircraft repair services that provide repairs to the Polish army and other armies. This entity is not militarized, but it implements processes that constitute the value creating chain, where the military stages are included. The crew is formed by civilians who act on behalf of the military and on military equipment. Such employees must function within a strictly defined military processes and are subject to many military procedures. There is little or no space for activities not specified by the regulations. The repair plants have a quality management system that stimulates creative activities; hence the employees must confront their creativity with strict adherence to military procedures, where there is little room for creativity and a creative approach. The analysis presents the results of observations and interviews with the crew, the purpose of which was to identify the expectations of staff and management as regards the role of the human factor in formalized paramilitary processes.

Artur Kobylanski, Zbigniew Wisniewski, Malgorzata Wisniewska
Productive Process Improvement at Automotive Wire Harnesses Enterprise Through Work Teams

This study objective is to increment efficiency in secondary process at automotive wire harnesses enterprise, through distribution change into the workstations, performed by work teams. Was analyzed each process area; then, manufacturing flows were defined; each common workstation among families was identified to place them into common area, workstations were rebalanced, densification and simulation techniques were applied.Steps followed: Manufacturing Flows Improvement: To identify common workstations; were proposed centralized processes; value chain mapping is the best tool, in this case. Workstations rebalancing: similar workstations are identified, also workloads for each station, and production daily volume required; rebalancing should consider one route to deliver each component to each line and workstation where is used. Workstations area distribution design: was selected distribution by process or by function. Result analysis, efficiency results doesn´t show positive results, because were launched new part numbers simultaneously to changes implementation. Productivity changed from 81.77% to 93.59%.

Velia Castillo-Pérez, Liliana Carrasco-Armendariz, Mario Corral-Chacón, Ramón Elizondo
Technology Start-Up Firms’ Management of Data Security and Trust in Collaborative Work with Third-Parties in a Developing Economy

This study seeks to provide an understanding of how data security and trust is managed in the collaborative work between technology start-up firms in developing economies and third-party entities. Using qualitative data from Ghana which was analyzed thematically, it was found that the measures taken to ensure the security and privacy of client datasets vary in intensity among firms. Thus, in collaborating with third-parties, the firms largely depend on industry best practices, policies and service-level agreements, and thus do not attempt to integrate the policies of collaborators with their firm’s policies except in situations where the inclusion elimination of certain clauses are collaborative pre-requisites. The firms also have trust criteria which they use to pre-qualify third-party entities with whom they collaborate. It is concluded that technology start-ups possess attribute that show their core competencies and the quality of their deliveries, but might require a regulatory body to monitor their operations.

Mohammed-Aminu Sanda

Leadership Style and Social Aspects

Frontmatter
Leadership as a Key Component of Competence Model of Medium-Level Managers in Higher Education Institution

A new legal environment emergent from the Law on Higher Education [1] creates a demand for a new model of management in higher education institutions, one which should be based on the paradigm of transformational leadership. The aim of this paper is to present the results of a study which was conducted on a sample of 16 Vice-Deans in state-owned technical universities who represent a medium level of management. The research has shown the problem of “a triad of competence deficits” ranging from the ability to build relationships with the business environment to strategic management and leadership. Evaluation of management practices with MLQ Self appears to suggest that the analyzed group’s profile is that of a transactional leader, which may constitute a limitation for the processes of introducing profound changes in universities in the context of the new legal regulations.

Anna Stankiewicz-Mróz
Crisis Management and Human Resource Development: Towards Research Agenda

Crisis management has widened as a concept and as a set of practices and in the form of human resource development has become part of a more strategic approach to integrate HR activities and business policies. A strategic approach to HRD is imperative as it involves designing and implementing HRD policies and practices to ensure that a firm’s human capital contributes to the achievement of business objectives specified in this globalization era. To ensure the crisis management requires the firm-specific capabilities it must integrate with the high-level strategic integration between HRD, organizational structure, culture, and strategy. This article identifies and discusses a number of themes and trends that together make up the developing research agenda for this field. In reviewing these emerging areas of research, the articles seek to explore some of the implications for HRD practices at both organizational and individual levels.

Nor Amira Syairah Zulkarnaini, Roziana Shaari, Azlineer Sarip
The Economics of Intangible Assets: From just Value-to-Value Creation

“What can be measured can be managed.” This managerial rule supposes that every measured resource is automatically managed. The literature shows the difficulties to measure the human capital as an internal resource. At the same time, this intellectual capital is the most important in the creation value for the company. Indeed, this managerial approach seeks to find the best way to explore how to create value by investing in the intellectual capital. In contrast, the accounting approach, ignore the importance of the intellectual capital as intelligible assets. This paper will present the difference between the managerial approach and the accounting approach of the intangible assets and how could this difference influence the decision of companies.

Aicha Dif, Zahra Hamdani, Abdelbaki Benziane
Leadership Styles and Workplace Wellness Among Ghanaian SME Workers

This paper investigates the relationship between leadership styles and the quality of work life (QWL) among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) workers in Ghana. A cross-sectional design was used with standardized questionnaires to collect data. Both the simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques were adopted to select respondents. A total sample of 200 respondents was engaged. The research findings suggest a positive relationship between QWL and transformational leadership style (r = .63, p = .000) with ‘idealized influence’ a dimension of transformational leadership significantly correlating with QWL. Transactional leadership style also had a positive relationship with QWL (r = .53, p = .000) although moderate. This suggests that in a developing country setting like Ghana, more exchange (give and take) form of relationships enhance employee quality of work life which is contrary to what pertains in other jurisdictions. Furthermore, males and females did not differ significantly on their QWL.

Kwasi Dartey-Baah
A Study of Team Structure to Enable Effective Product Development Process Implementation

C-company in aviation field is taking practical steps in introducing the lean product development (LeanPD) and system engineering practice. In order to have an effective implementation of PD approaches and resolve issues related to coordination, collaboration and communication, a new organizational structure related to the product development has been proposed for C-company. The analysis of the literature and field study help to formulate a conceptual model of product development team structure for avionics department in C-company. The proposed team structure and corresponding mechanisms in this paper not only could match the system V model applied in C-company, considering the different levels (system level, subsystem level) as well as the key essential, like requirement engineering, interface management, function analysis etc., but also considered the enablers of lean thinking application, like knowledge exchange and management, chief engineer, multi-discipline teams, etc.

Shasha Lu, Bin Yao, Chao Zhan, Hongtao Liu, Zhefeng Jin

Organizational Complexity and Leadership Management

Frontmatter
Changes in the Organizational Culture of the University in Mergers and Acquisitions

Mergers and acquisitions of public universities are an issue that is completely in line with the spirit of new public management. The transfer and adaptation of M&A concepts and methods to public activities arise from the logic of the new public management approach. The cultures of public universities in merger processes should go through the process of amalgamation, but real integration or even hybridization of culture usually requires more time than the management aspects of consolidation. A good illustration of these are European universities: Aalto University, Linnaeus University, Université Grenoble Alpes. The aim of this article is to identify the key changes in the organizational culture of the university in mergers and acquisitions. The article discusses the complexity of the organizational culture of the university in the consolidation process. The research methodology was based on qualitative research - case studies of universities in Europe.

Lukasz Sulkowski, Andrzej Wozniak, Robert Seliga
Oriental Lifestyle Construction and Furniture Design Based on a Means-End Theory

Means-end theory indicates the method of personal value affecting individual behavior. It is a research method derived from consumers’ cognitive structure. After years of development. This theory has been widely used in the field of marketing. In the model of the means-end theory, it has three levels. The top one is personal value. Different kinds of interests located on a moderate level. The bottom is the attribute of the product. It shows that there is an indirect and deep connection between personal value and product attributes. This study explores the relationship between personal lifestyles and product attributes. Especially how the theory applies to furniture design and development field. Based on this theory, designers designed new furniture collections. Those products have been produced and shown on an international fair.

Zhang Zhang, Jianxin Cheng, Tengye Li, Qianqian Wu
Evaluation and Prediction of the Financial and Management Indicators in SME’S with the Use of Artificial Neural Net

In this work, we proceed with the study and analysis of a model that facilitates the evaluation and prediction of financial and management indicators of SMEs. The model is based on the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) as a data-mining tool that, supported on the financial statements, contributes to the evaluation and forecasting of liquidity, debt, performance, efficiency and profitability indicators, following the DuPont system. The objective of the work is to assess and forecast the financial situation of SMEs for proper management decision making in organizations. The model focuses on two interrelated phases, the estimation-diagnosis phase and the forecast phase. The conclusions show the predictive feasibility of using neural networks for financial indicators.

Ives Torriente, Arlys Lastre, Clemencia Carrera, Karla Quishpe, Paulina Morales
Image and Brand Awareness in Universities in Consolidation Processes

Brand management in the university merger process is of strategic importance from several points of view. The international and national recognition of universities for students and other external stakeholders depends, among other things, on the university’s brand. In international and national rankings, consolidated and previously separate universities operate under one name. In Sweden, from the merger of University College Kalmar (HiK) and Växjö University (VxU), a consolidated university was established, which is called Linnaeus University. This is an example of shaping the identity and brand, which allowed to increase the attractiveness of the institution, which also translates into a significant increase in interest from foreign students.The aim of this article is to analyze the image and brand awareness in universities in consolidation processes. The article discusses the complexity of the image and brand awareness. The research methodology was based on qualitative research - case studies of universities in Europe.

Lukasz Sulkowski, Robert Seliga, Andrzej Wozniak
Self-leadership Development Program in Elite Youth Soccer Players in Japan

Teams are used in various situations. For example, job execution and business solutions are usually performed by teams. Therefore, a synergy effect is expected to result by combining limited resources within a team. What is the key factor of an excellent team? This proposition is an eternal issue for sport teams, too. On the other hand, youth generation players learn about the severity of becoming professional football players, look at the reality myself and image for the future. In other words, youth players seriously seek out the problem of how they live in the real society, it is time to establish themselves (Erikson 1959). Therefore, we conducted the Self-leadership development program which applied the organization development methods to the two elite youth soccer teams (under 18 ages) belonging to the J-League (professional football league in Japan) in 2018. One team was consisted of 27 females (Mage = 15.96, SD = 1.285). On the other team was consisted of 40 males (Mage = 15.88, SD = .791). We used Sport Self-management Skill scale (Takemura et al. 2013), the Belief in Cooperation Scale (Nagahama et al. 2009) and Collective Efficacy Questionnaire for Sports (Short et al. 2005) to examine the effects of this program from a perspective. From the analysis, it was shown that the score of Sport Self-management Skill, Belief in Cooperation and Collective Efficacy improves by this program (p < .05). These results suggest that this program is effective for promoting human resource development for elite youth soccer players, and it can be said to be a practical and academically important discovery.

Yasuyuki Hochi, Yasuyuki Yamada, Takumi Iwaasa, Tomoki Ebato, Takuya Ohshiro, Motoki Mizuno
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Advances in Human Factors, Business Management and Leadership
herausgegeben von
Jussi Ilari Kantola
Salman Nazir
Copyright-Jahr
2020
Electronic ISBN
978-3-030-20154-8
Print ISBN
978-3-030-20153-1
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20154-8