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2016 | Buch

Advances in Production Management Systems. Initiatives for a Sustainable World

IFIP WG 5.7 International Conference, APMS 2016, Iguassu Falls, Brazil, September 3-7, 2016, Revised Selected Papers

herausgegeben von: Irenilza Nääs, Oduvaldo Vendrametto, João Mendes Reis, Rodrigo Franco Gonçalves, Márcia Terra Silva, Gregor von Cieminski, Dimitris Kiritsis

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Buchreihe : IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology

insite
SUCHEN

Über dieses Buch

This book constitutes the refereed post-conference proceedings of the International IFIP WG 5.7 Conference on Advances in Production Management Systems, APMS 2016, held in Iguassu Falls, Brazil, in September 2016.
The 117 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 164 submissions. They are organized in the following topical sections: computational intelligence in production management; intelligent manufacturing systems; knowledge-based PLM; modelling of business and operational processes; virtual, digital and smart factory; flexible, sustainable supply chains; large-scale supply chains; sustainable manufacturing; quality in production management; collaborative systems; innovation and collaborative networks; agrifood supply chains; production economics; lean manufacturing; cyber-physical technology deployments in smart manufacturing systems; smart manufacturing system characterization; knowledge management in production systems; service-oriented architecture for smart manufacturing systems; advances in cleaner production; sustainable production management; and operations management in engineer-to-order manufacturing.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Computational Intelligence in Production Managements

Frontmatter
Determination of Operating Parameters and Performance Analysis of Computer Networks with Paraconsistent Annotated Evidential Logic Eτ

Computer networks have two important characteristics: the vast diversity of connecting devices and a great variability of the physical distribution of equipments. Therefore, the performance analysis of a specific network based on absolute references or third parties may not be applicable in all circumstances, especially in highly complex and heterogeneous networks. Indeed, it carries a high degree of uncertainty, and the classical logic may not be appropriate to deal it. This paper aims to parameterize and evaluate the operating elements of heterogeneous networks, from the analysis of representative attributes, based on concepts of Paraconsistent Annotated Evidential Logic Eτ.

Avelino Palma Pimenta Junior, Jair Minoro Abe, Genivaldo Carlos Silva
Logical Decision-Making Method Relating to Innovation Management

This paper is intended to serve as a support for decision in innovation management from the $$ {\text{E}}\uptau $$ Logic. We intend to propose a new method for innovation management, based on technical and operational criteria in order to make decisions can be not only reliable but also operationally efficient. This research presents results that can serve to innovation managers.

Nélio F. dos Reis, Priscila Facciolli S. L. Tavares, Cristina Oliveira, Jair Minoro Abe
IT Incident Management and Analysis Using Non-classical Logics

The classification and the proper incident handling in an IT environment are strategic to remain competitive in corporations. Service Desk technicians with knowledge and expertise can often have conflicting beliefs in their analysis. This study aims to apply Paraconsistent Logic to treat contradictions directly in the classification of incidents in IT, helping managers to improve the quality of services they provide to users through the efficiency of the Service Desk in decision-making.

Priscila F. Tavaves, Liliam Sakamoto, Genivaldo Carlos Silva, Jair M. Abe, Avelino P. Pimenta Jr.
Hierarchical Clustering Based on Reports Generated by Scriptlattes

Scriptlattes has been used as an important tool to analyze a curriculum database of Brazilian researchers (Lattes curriculum). Such analysis enables a user generating reports for specific research field, knowledge area, graduate courses, and so forth. However, when users need a report of a Graduate Program, for instance, it is necessary to create subsets of information in order to run the script. Since each report needs a subset, in this paper we propose a hierarchical clustering method to categorize reports generated by Scriptlattes. Finally, experimental results show hierarchical clustering of a higher education institution, and approaches to stress such clustering.

Wonder A. L. Alves, Saulo D. Santos, Pedro H. T. Schimit
Using Logic Concepts on Six Sigma

Decision Making process is key to success. With this in mind, this paper discusses the implementation of Paraconsistent Logic to the Six Sigma concepts. It is known that the human factor can be risky, so it can benefit with the addition of some artificial intelligence such as Paraconsistent Logic. Applying the Paraconsistent Decision-Making Method can minimize the human factor risk, avoiding rework, as it eliminates any discrepancy among the opinions of the specialist involved on the decision making process.

Caique Z. Kirilo, Jair M. Abe, Luiz Lozano, Renato H. Parreira, Eduardo P. Dacorso

Intelligent Manufacturing Systems

Frontmatter
A Method Towards Modelling and Analysis of Semantically-Enriched Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems

Modelling and simulation are two relevant facets for thorough and effective analysis of industrial systems that nowadays have to cope with the evergrowing complexity of the industrial processes and the need of modelling flexibility and knowledge sharing. For all these reasons, the following work seeks to explore and combine together different methodologies by exploiting their best features. In particular, the current research aims to combine semantic technologies, such as ontologies, and high-level Petri nets to revamp the actual assembly systems. Thus, key research concepts are presented, explaining such potential integration and providing a short example of the dynamic configuration of an assembly system within a semantically enriched modelling environment.

Damiano Nunzio Arena, Dimitris Kiritsis
Formal Information Model for Representing Production Resources

This paper introduces a concept and associated descriptions to formally describe physical production resources for modular and reconfigurable production systems. These descriptions are source of formal information for (automatic) production system design and (re-)configuration. They can be further utilized during the system deployment and execution. The proposed concept and the underlying formal resource description model is composed of three different description levels, namely Abstract Resource Description (ARD), Resource Description (RD) and Resource Instance Description (RID), each having different scope and objectives. This paper discusses in details the content and differences between these description levels.

Niko Siltala, Eeva Järvenpää, Minna Lanz
A Communication Procedure Between Tactical and Operational Levels in Spare Parts Supply Chains

Supply Chain Management has been an important issue for competitiveness in today’s market. Different decision-support models focus on specific time horizons and goals. The most common way of structuring supply chain planning process is dividing it in three different levels: operational, tactical and strategic. However, the planning on one level generally does not communicate with the others, limiting its efficiency and feasibility. The present work proposes a communication procedure between tactical and operation support-decision models in order to coordinate both, thus improving their overall performance. The procedure will be applied to a test case comprising a Spare Parts Supply Chain (SPSC) problem for maintenance in production facilities with the concept of integrating spare parts supply chain and intelligent maintenance systems implemented.

Matheus Cardoso Pires, Enzo Morosini Frazzon, Ann-Kristin Cordes, Bernd Hellingrath
Digital Factories for Capability Modeling and Visualization

This paper introduces the concept of Digital Factory (DF) that can be used for representing the technological capabilities of manufacturing facilities. The DF, as the digital twin of physical facilities, replicates the facility in terms of installed machinery, material handling equipment, and layout. DF is supported by a formal ontology that describes the capabilities of the factory in a formal and machine-understandable fashion and enables capability quantification and visualization. Through exploring and querying the Digital Factories, companies can develop a deeper and more precise understanding of the technological capabilities of prospective suppliers, thus making more informed decisions when building supply chain partnerships. By creating their digital twins, small to medium-sized manufacturers can significantly improve their visibility in the virtual space. Digital Factories also enable automated supply chain formation. DF is introduced and discussed from a conceptual perspective in this paper. Also, a mathematical model for quantifying the processing capabilities of Digital Factories is introduced.

Farhad Ameri, Ramin Sabbagh
Learning Analytics Deployment at an University

This article presents the implementation of Learning Analytics in a University with the aim of testing the extraction of knowledge from databases of two systems used in distance education, aiming to provide support for the management of the distance education as a way to understand students’ difficulties. Therefore, it was validated the applicability of literature reference model for the implementation the Learning Analytics. The data were extracted from the system of academic management and from the entrance exam to universities and were chosen the integration data, database and analytical tools. On the presented results, the model has been successfully applied, guiding the implementation of Learning Analytics at the University. The chosen tools facilitated the deployment and, brought benefits to University.

Elisângela Mônaco de Moraes, Márcia Terra da Silva
Relationship Networks: Social Innovation and Earnings for Companies

This study proposes an investigation to prove that when companies organize in networks and use social innovation in a productive system gets economic and social gain. The object of study is a case study of Milk Producers Association of Fartura, São Paulo. The object of study is a case study of Milk Producers Association of Fartura, São Paulo. This case study can be interpreted as a social innovation, as the association of producers brought social and economic benefits for a community; there has been new products and processes in order to innovate the marketing and production of lasting and sustainable milk.

Marcelo T. Okano, Oduvaldo Vendrametto, Marcelo Eloy Fernandes, Osmildo S. Dos Santos

Knowledge-Based PLM

Frontmatter
Environmental Support for Dilution of Pollutants from Broiler Production and Aquaculture in Brazil

Due to the rising demand for food, increasing intensive livestock production contributes significantly to the anthropogenic loading of the biosphere. Poultry and fish from intensive operations are a primary source for global human food consumption, and the contribution to air and water emissions. The environment can act as a sink of emissions by using it the capacity for diluting pollutants. In this way, the “support area” derived from the renewable resources supplied by region was quantified for both enterprises regarding emergy. Results suggest that poultry production seems to be a thousand times more “eco-efficient” than aquaculture as well as presenting a lower support area. Accounting for the environmental services required to dilute emissions is shown to be a necessary procedure towards the proper evaluation of long-term sustainability and quantification of externalities.

Silvia H. Bonilla, Helton R. O. Silva, Robson P. Faustino, Irenilza de Alencar Nääs, Nilsa Duarte
Water Usage Charge in Brazil: Emergy Donor-Side Approach for Calculating Water Costs

The Federal Water Law 9433 enacted in 1997 gave the legal frame relative of the water usage charge. The aim of this paper is to interpret legal terms through the emergy environmental accounting approach in order to establish the donor-side costs related to water usage under the user-pays and polluter-pays principles. The procedure was performed for agricultural activities at the Jundiai-Mirim Basin, located at São Paulo State, Brazil. The proposed procedure resulted in costs comparable to those already implemented at the watershed under study by using other economical procedures.

Helton R. O. Silva, Silvia H. Bonilla
Combining Genetic Algorithm with Constructive and Refinement Heuristics for Solving the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem

This work presents a hybrid strategy for optimization of Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) that employs Genetic Algorithms (GA) combined with the heuristics of Gillett & Miller (GM) and Hill Climbing (HC). The first heuristic is used to incorporate feasible solutions in the initial population of the GA while the second is responsible for the refinement of solutions after a certain number of generations without improvements. The computational experiments showed that the proposed strategy presented good results for the optimization of CVRP with respect to the quality of solutions well as the computational cost.

Stanley Jefferson de Araujo Lima, Renato Alessandro Rocha Santos, Sidnei Alves de Araujo, Pedro Henrique Triguis Schimit
Container Crane Controller with the Use of a NeuroFuzzy Network

A container crane has the function of transporting containers from one point to another point. The difficulty of this task lies in the fact that the container is connected to the bridge crane by cables, causing an opening angle while the container is being transported, interfering with the operation at high speeds due to oscillation that occurs at the end point, which could cause accidents. Fuzzy logic (FL) is a mathematical theory that aims to allow the modeling of approximate way of thinking, imitating the human ability to make decisions in uncertain and imprecise environments. The Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) models are made of simple processing units, called artificial neurons, which calculate mathematical functions. The aim of the paper was to present a container crane controller pre-project using an artificial neural network type Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) combined with FL, referred to as Neuro Fuzzy Network (NFN).

Ricardo Pinto Ferreira, Andréa Martiniano, Arthur Ferreira, Marcio Romero, Renato Jose Sassi
Agility Challenges in Finnish Manufacturing Companies – Manufacturing Operations Management Viewpoint

This paper presents an analysis of the manufacturing operations management related challenges which hinder agility in Finnish manufacturing companies. Critical challenges were identified by performing cause-effect analysis between different challenges identified from the interview material collected from 25 manufacturing companies. The main output is a relationships graph which visualizes interconnections between 49 agility related challenges. The graph supports the identification and prioritization of the actions to be taken while seeking for better agility.

Eeva Järvenpää, Minna Lanz, Eemeli Lammervo
Improving Process Management in a Water Treatment Plant Using Control Modelling

This work presents a modelling and a simulation of a pH control for process management in a drinking water treatment plant. A range of historical data, or knowledge base, was used to define the behavior of each input and disturbances of the process, using the MATLAB/Simulink software. The present pH control modelling has been simulated and compared to some experimental tests, thus contributing to achieve and identify operational scenarios in a real water treatment plant. Therefore, the present results allows to predict not only the present scenarios but also new operational conditions, in order to estimate the better process parameters and reduce some costs related to raw materials, such as the lime consumption, in water treatment plants.

Cleber Gustavo Dias, Fábio Cosme Rodrigues dos Santos, André Felipe Henriques Librantz, Cristiano Morais de Sousa, Luiz Carlos da Silva
An Integrative Model of Productivity and Logistic Objectives

Labor productivity as well as its influencing factors are closely linked to the logistic objectives. This linkage has been so far only described on a qualitative basis. Consequently a coordinated configuration of production planning and control and productivity management is missing. This paper presents an approach to link labor productivity and production planning and control on a quantitative level.

Robert Glöckner, Martin Benter, Hermann Lödding
Pursuit of Responsiveness in SMEs Through Dynamic Allocation of Flexible Workers: A Simulation Study

The aim of this research is to study production responsiveness in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Italy. Responsiveness is considered as the ability of a production system to achieve its goals in the presence of disturbances. The main issue this research tries to address is “how responsiveness can be achieved in production environments facing recurring uncertain disturbances in demand?” This research is particularly focused on the “worker flexibility” as a lever to achieve responsiveness. In this regard, alternative control logics for decision-making, regarding use of workers with varying levels of flexibility, have been evaluated through simulation for their potential impact on production responsiveness. It is found that, contrary to general belief, higher flexibility does not always guarantee higher responsiveness; it is the right level of flexibility combined with the proper decision-making logic which leads to higher production performance in the face of recurring uncertain disturbances.

Sayyed Shoaib-ul-Hasan, Marco Macchi, Alessandro Pozzetti
Effectiveness of Production Planning and Control (PPC) in a Baby Fashion Cluster, Under the Prism of Paraconsistent Logic

This research aimed at understanding relevant aspects of production planning and control of a baby wear cluster in Terra Roxa, Paraná State, Brazil, employing the Paraconsistent Logic as an analysis. In the methodology, a descriptive approach with quantitative and qualitative procedures has been opted for, making use of data collection tools such as survey, which is appropriate for this kind of approach. Results show that the effectiveness of Production Planning Control in the Cluster is viable under the Prism of Paraconsistent Logic.

Elizangela Maria Menegassi de Lima, Fabio Papalardo, Jose B. Sacomano, Priscila Facciolli Tavares, Esdras Jorge Santos Barboza
Dynamic Seed Genetic Algorithm to Solve Job Shop Scheduling Problems

This paper proposes a simple implementation of genetic algorithm with dynamic seed to solve deterministic job shop scheduling problems. The proposed methodology relies on a simple indirect binary representation of the chromosome and simple genetic operators (one-point crossover and bit-flip mutation), and it works by changing a seed that generates a solution from time to time, initially defined by the original sequencing of the problem addressed, and then adopting the best individual from the past runs of the GA as the seed for the next runs. The methodology was compared to three different approaches found in recent researches, and its results demonstrate that despite not finding the best results, the methodology, while being easy to be implemented, has its value and can be a starting point to more researches, combining it with other heuristics methods that rely in GA and other evolutionary algorithms as well.

Flávio Grassi, Pedro Henrique Triguis Schimit, Fabio Henrique Pereira
An Improved Computer-Aided Process Planning Method Considering Production Scheduling

Process planning is essential for achieving a sophisticated manufacturing system, and computer-aided process planning (CAPP) have been discussed. Considering recent requirements for realizing agile manufacturing, a set of flexible CAPP methods have been developed, in which process planning for one product using one machine is dealt with. In actual manufacturing, multiple workpieces are usually machined with multiple machine tools in the same period, and pursuing optimality for each product independently may result in poor productivity. For this reason, integration of process planning and production scheduling was performed by formulating the integrated problem as a 0–1 integer programming problem. However, this formulation involves huge computational load. This paper provides an improved method where the integrated problem is formulated as a mixed integer programming problem.

Eiji Morinaga, Nattapoom Charoenlarpkul, Hidefumi Wakamatsu, Eiji Arai

Modelling of Business and Operational Processes

Frontmatter
Strategic Portfolios for the Integral Design of Value-Added Networks

An adequate decision method plays an important role in strategic location planning, especially for physical goods. After a breakdown of the value-added network into its natural components, this paper uses strategic portfolios for determining the different network designs (e.g. production, transport, distribution, service). The portfolios depend on generic market, product and service features and fit together. The combination of the single portfolios represents the design options of the integral value-added network in a comprehensive way.

Paul Schönsleben, Manuel Rippel
Selecting a Notation to Modeling Business Process: A Systematic Literature Review of Technics and Tools

There are several different notations available in the market to business process modeling. An adequate business process model tool allows the understanding regarding the several operational flows inside an organization. This article has two objectives: first, to identify and to compare alternative business process modeling notations; second, to select an adequate notation to be applied in the modeling the business process of accounting system to higher education entities. Then, a literature review was carried out, including a rigorous research in indexed database. We also tested the available tools based on BPM model. Among the studied notations the BPMN was selected since it demonstrated to be the more adequate notation for complex processes once it contains a wide variety of symbols, which are easily comprehended.

Marcelo Bernardino Araújo, Rodrigo Franco Gonçalves
Workforce Planning Models for Distribution Center Operations

Customer order fulfillment at distribution centers (DC) is increasingly necessitated by innovative strategies to maximize operational performance that are primarily driven by cost and service level under supply chain variability. In order to better understand the trade-offs, in this paper, a generic computational model is developed to estimate forklift travel times for DCs with any arbitrary floor space and loading docks. In particular, travel times are modelled as random variables and the moments of the probability distribution of travel times are estimated and used as inputs to analytical queueing model and discrete event simulation model. Results show that the analytical and simulation models are within 3% under different demand scenarios. These models are used to determine the impact of work-force capacity on key performance measures such as Truck Processing Time (TPT) and Labor Hours Per Truck (LHPT). The workforce capacity for different demand scenarios is determined using three different approaches - Target Utilization Level, Square Root Staffing (SRS) rule (adapted from call center staffing) and Optimization. The result from these models indicate that adapting workforce capacity to match varying demand can reduce cost by 18% while maintaining desired service level.

Athul Gopala Krishna, Vittaldas V. Prabhu
From English to RDF - A Meta-Modelling Approach for Predictive Maintenance Knowledge Base Design

Ever growing complexity of the information domains that are relevant for product life cycle management is pushing researchers to invest efforts into creating an abstract modelling techniques in order to structure the available knowledge. Ontology showed to be a convenient method for build such structures and number of domain specific ontologies has been developed in recent years. In this paper, we propose a meta-modelling approach that provides a guided, step-by-step solution for ontology design. Contribution is tested through an example of ontology for predictive maintenance.

Ana Milicic, Dimitris Kiritsis, Nesat Efendioglu
An Application of Operations Research for Reducing Fuel Costs

The objective of this work is to identify gas stations out of the route predeter-mined by a transport company based both on refueling feasibility and on lower fuel costs. The work consists of a case study that collected data such as kilometers run, amount refueled, product transported, type of operation, and average diesel consumption during the trip. Through the Operations Research, we were able to evaluate the feasibility of deviating the vehicle from the current route (mainly highways) to stations in the surroundings. The aim was to check if the organization would obtain any significant fuel cost reduction from this deviation. Our findings suggested cost reduction for the route used in the model, as well as the need to apply the mathematical model whenever there was an intention to deviate from the route in order to refuel at stations with lower diesel prices.

João Roberto Maiellaro, João Gilberto Mendes dos Reis, Alexandre Formigoni, Robson dos Santos, Marcos A. M. de Oliveira, Celso Jacubavicius
The Profile of High-Tech Start-Ups: An Approach by the Prism of Graphical Analysis of Network Relations

This study applies two research methodologies, namely literature review and data survey, in order to analyze the behavioral context of contemporary society in its effects on individuals and organizations with regard to the uses of information technology. The behavioral conduct of contemporary society is different in several aspects from that presented in the past, so that new profiles are needed to undertake new business and enterprises. Bearing all this in mind, present paper discusses some important issues such as graphical analysis of the relationships in business networks, innovation, high-tech start-ups, public policies to encourage innovation, business models and their particularities, with a special emphasis in the subject of start-ups.

Diego Rodrigues, José Benedito Sacomano, Nilo Serpa, Demesio Sousa
Business Modeling Toward Competitiveness and Ciborra’s Criticism: Results from an IT-Business Strategic Alignment via an Action-Research

The IT-business strategic alignment (ITBSA) aims to promote greater IT effectiveness by making it active in the firms’ competitiveness agenda. Despite the relevance of the theme, ITBSA is not free from criticism. Ciborra criticized how ITBSA research programs have been developed and its sufficiency for an effective strategic planning. This article shows how a business model in a small real estate firm was deployed for revenue generation through an Action-Research (AR) conducted to evaluate Ciborras’ criticism. The results show ITBSA critics from the field and a new business model direction. The ITBSA was concluded to have structured the strategic discussion; however, Ciborra’s inputs about the importance of bricolage, cyclical learning was conquered by an influence of the researcher as an agent of change applying AR under the critical theory paradigm. We suggest future research with more comprehensive literature review about our usual assumptions of economic rationality.

Nemer Alberto Zaguir, Mauro de Mesquita Spinola, Fernando José Barbin Laurindo
AHP Modelling and Sensitivity Analysis for Evaluating the Criticality of Software Programs

In this paper the application of the analytic hierarchy process method (AHP) combined with the sensitivity analysis was proposed for evaluating the criticality of software programs and verify priority ranking stability. Results pointed that the proposed decision model could be implemented to help the decision-making process of classifying software programs, regarding their risk priority.

André Felipe Henriques Librantz, Fábio Cosme Rodrigues dos Santos, Cleber Gustavo Dias, Adriana Cristina Aipp da Cunha, Ivanir Costa, Mauro de Mesquita Spinola
A Comparative Analysis Between BPMN and ISO 19440 Modeling Language Constructs

Enterprise modeling is a tool that can be used for simple objectives, such as understanding how a part of the enterprise works, to more complex objectives, such as information flow for the computerized systems, or knowledge storage in an organization. There are several languages proposed for enterprise modeling, such as BPMN, CIMOSA and UML. They have different characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. This paper presents a comparison in relation to representation capacity between the ISO 19440 language constructs and the BPMN notation based on their constructors and icons. The analysis shows that BPMN has less representation capacity, showing differences between one language for modeling various aspects in an enterprise (ISO 19440) and a notation (BPMN) which focuses on process modeling and has few constructs for representing other aspects such as an enterprise’s resources and organization.

Ângela Teresa Rochetti, Renato de Campos
Adaptive Configuration of the Organization in Manufacturing Startup Companies

This paper presents an approach for manufacturing startup companies to reconfigure their organization and processes as a consequence of changing preconditions. Startup companies can be agile and adapt their organization continuously towards their preconditions and given resources better than established companies. The presented approach comprises three main levers for the configuration: process standardization, form of organization and the strategy for growth. Within the three dimensions the configuration can be done between process effectiveness or efficiency, between organization with specialists or generalist and between fast growth or sustainability in the organization.

Christina Reuter, Bartholomäus Wolff, Pia Walendzik
Support Policies and Collective Efficiency in a Furniture Cluster

The aim of this research is to analyze the support policies and the collective efficiency in a furniture cluster in the South region of Brazil, subject of scarce studies despite its importance. Using quantitative methodology we made a survey with 20 companies of this furniture cluster. The results indicated that support policies and collective efficiency were statistically correlated. The contribution of this paper to the literature is to reinforce that the findings that support policies are a way to improve collective efficiency, and so provide competitiveness to all the companies that belong to the cluster. This research was made on a temporal transversal cut, a characteristic of studies in networks, so the result does not allow generalizations.

Elizangela Maria Menegassi de Lima, Walter C. Satyro, José B. Sacomano, Esdras Jorge Santos Barboza, Renato Telles
Applying the Paraconsistent Annotated Evidential Logic Eτ in a Solar Tracker for Photovoltaic Panels: An Analytical Approach

There is an increasing contrast between large urban centers and rural areas, even nowadays, where the most basic resources can be scarce, leading an increasing development of technologies based upon self-sustainable solutions, where the electrical power is an important demand to be supplied. Through Bibliographic and Experimental research, plus a prototype using embedded and real-time software, and its testing, it was possible to develop a workable solution. This paper presents a self-oriented solar panel based on Paraconsistent Annotated Evidential Logic Eτ, its construction and practical tests, where total power of 3.19375 W was obtained against 2.427556 W from a fixed panel of same type, representing an increase of 31.56239% in the overall power.

Álvaro A. C. Prado, Marcelo Nogueira, Jair Minoro Abe, Ricardo J. Machado

Virtual, Digital and Smart Factory

Frontmatter
Virtual Factory Framework for Supporting Production Planning and Control

Developing optimal production plans for smart manufacturing systems is challenging because shop floor events change dynamically. A virtual factory incorporating engineering tools, simulation, and optimization generates and communicates performance data to guide wise decision making for different control levels. This paper describes such a platform specifically for production planning. We also discuss verification and validation of the constituent models. A case study of a machine shop is used to demonstrate data generation for production planning in a virtual factory.

Deogratias Kibira, Guodong Shao
Reflections on Identity Management in Smart Industry: The Paradox of Theseus’ Ship and Beyond

Sustainable digitization of factories (and especially IoT) requires all data related to “things” (products, equipment, but also informational objects) to be stored for later reference in a so-called digital shadow. This paper addresses an identity question: “which data should be stored as a so-called digital shadow of an object?” and identifies two opposing principles, Single Source of the Truth vs Local Autonomy. The first principle keeps data objects small and uses links to other data objects. It expands object’s life time. The second principle advices to keep objects large, reduces linkages but limits object’s life time. The paper analyses these two principles for physical objects as well as for related informational objects. Some guidelines for application are given.

Hans Wortmann, Wico Mulder
The Importance of Timely Feedback to Interactivity in Online Education

This paper discusses the main factors that influence interactivity in online education. The literature points out that time to feedback in education is one of the factors which affect communication among people. Therefore, we did a survey in which participated 67 teachers and 105 students in all. As a result, it was noticed that the level of interactivity students perceived lessens as the time to feedback increases. Also, teachers who give fast feedback review the course as having excellent interactivity. Offering more creative/dynamic activities, giving faster feedback to students, and encouraging students to participate more often in the Virtual Learning Environment are crucial to improving interactivity in Distance Education.

Esdras Jorge Santos Barboza, Márcia Terra da Silva

Flexible, Sustainable Supply Chains

Frontmatter
Assessment of Structural Qualities of Production Systems

Turbulent changes of the production program challenge the suitability of the operating point of the production system. This can result in a lack of efficiency and productivity of a formerly mature configuration of a production system. In this case, the logistic positioning becomes obsolete. Therefore, a periodic monitoring of the system configuration is necessary to ensure a resilient production. To cope with those challenges, this paper introduces an approach which evaluates strategies in terms of adjusting the system configuration. On the one hand, this refers to control strategies influencing the temporal organization and thus the system’s behavior. On the other hand, also a variation of the spatial organization in terms of the layout of the production system can be considered. For different production structures effects of changed production programs on the system configuration and its resilience is explained and adequate measures for adapting the temporal or spatial structure are appraisable.

Ulf Bergmann, Matthias Heinicke
The Introduction Process of Low-Volume Products: Challenges and Potentials of Information Management

The product introduction process plays an important role in development of new products and launching them to the market on-time with a high quality. The product introduction process has been studied primarily in high-volume manufacturing industries and therefore, the influences of the characteristics of low-volume manufacturing industries on the product introduction process has not been investigated. The aim of this paper is to study challenges and potentials of information management during the product introduction process in low-volume manufacturing industries by a multiple-case study in two Scandinavian low-volume manufacturing companies. The paper contributes in covering the knowledge gap about the information management during the product introduction process in low-volume manufacturing industries.

Siavash Javadi, Mads Bejlegaard, Ann-Louise Andersen, Jessica Bruch

Large-Scale Supply Chains

Frontmatter
A Simulation Based Approach to Investigate the Procurement Process and Its Effect on the Performance of Supply Chains

Influenced by the high dynamic of the markets the optimization of supply chains gains more importance. However, analyzing different procurement strategies and the influence of various production parameters is difficult to achieve in industrial practice. Therefore, simulations of supply chains are used in order to improve the production process. The objective of this research is to evaluate different procurement strategies in a four-stage supply chain. Besides, this research aims to identify main influencing factors on the supply chain’s performance. The performance of the supply chain is measured by means of back orders (backlog). A scenario analysis of different customer demands and a Design of Experiments analysis enhance the significance of the simulation results.

Volker Stich, Daniel Pause, Matthias Blum, Nina Hinrichs
Sensor Triggered Replacement of Spare Parts: Customer Service Process Innovation

Customer services hold an increasingly dynamic and crucial role in today’s highly competitive world. It is also one of the important factors that enable companies to sustain their competitive advantage. The purpose of this study is to develop a basic model of customer service process automation, which will support the spare parts replacement procedure. The idea is to use sensors for identifying the condition of spare parts in real time and initiate an automated replacement process at the right time. A conceptual model of an integrated customer service process automation, derived from a case study, is illustrated, which emphasizes the significance of information exchange between business processes and communication between supply chain collaborators. The suggested changes for the model aim to improve the service level, machine and part life, design of the part and also to reduce human errors during ordering process, overall cost and inventory level.

Muztoba Ahmad Khan, Gabriela Lais Rozati, Thorsten Wuest
Simulation and Optimization Models in a Business Game for Decision-Making in Logistics Processes

Business games using simulation and optimization models can help users to find out solutions to complex management problems and develop critical and strategic thinking skills. The main goal of this paper is to present the application of a business game provided with a simulation and optimization model for decision-making in logistics processes, including total cost, calculated results of costs and trade-offs involved in the logistics business operations. Furthermore, it is expected that the developed models can contribute to the use of business games in teaching and learning process with a focus on professional preparation of students for the labor market. In the end, it is observed that this tool may be useful for training professionals and students.

Marco Aurelio Butzke, Anete Alberton, Jeancarlo Visentainer, Solimar Garcia, Irenilza de Alencar Nääs

Sustainable Manufacturing

Frontmatter
Human-Centric Manufacturing Workplaces: Aiming at Increasing Attractiveness and User Experience

The pursuit of Human-Centric Manufacturing Workplaces is one of the strategic objectives of the industrial and academic research community, as a contribution to the creation of sustainable and attractive jobs in production. The concepts of User experience (UX), Interactive Virtual Prototyping (VP) and the connected scientific background can lead to new perspectives and methods for the design and evaluation of future workstations. The traditional focus on productivity and ergonomics, might be extended to encompass multisensory features and to consider the different usage stages in order to improve the experience of the workers and contribute to enhance the attractiveness of manufacturing workplaces. The application case of a train manufacturer’s is taken to exemplify possible results of the application of this UX and VP-inspired approach to the design of Human-Centric Manufacturing Workplaces.

Paola Fantini, Marta Pinzone, Marco Taisch, Jaume Altesa
Comparing Techniques for Selecting Automation Technology

Automation of industrial processes is a necessary step towards the Industry 4.0 vision. There are several justification techniques available that can help to improve chances for success in automation projects. A literature review on justification techniques and their usefulness is carried out. Based on the review, a set of criteria for evaluating justification techniques are developed. A case study is carried out in a company with an ongoing manufacturing system development project that includes decisions regarding processes and technologies that require a systematic evaluation and justification. Two justification techniques were selected and tested in the development project. The tests show that both justification techniques provide good support for the technology acquisition process. Strengths and weaknesses of the tested techniques are highlighted. The study suggests that the choice of method should depend on the type of acquisition process of a company, especially with respect to technology strategy, competences, and supplier relations.

Erlend Alfnes, Maria Kollberg Thomassen, Marthe Bostad

Quality in Production Management

Frontmatter
Customization Process of the Process for the Development of Embedded Components for the Aerospace Industry

In the aerospace industry, the number of products using embedded components is increasing. Nevertheless, there are still processes to ensure that the embedded components can be constructed without failure. Therefore it is necessary to identify and establish process of adaptation to achieve the product quality through the quality of its production process, preventing flaws the process rather than fixing them in the final product actions to be considered in the customization process. From a set of factors obtained from the literature, they were listed CMMI elements and embedded system characteristics for definition of the criteria used for Aerospace Industry. It was obtained a sequence of actions to be taken to adapt any process to meet the particularities of its component products. The use of a static process could not meet the characteristics of each component, but you can set an adaptive process from a default and thus meet their individualities.

Magda A. S. Miyashiro, Maurício G. V. Ferreirao, Mauro M. Spínola, Marcelo S. P. Pessoa, Rodrigo Franco Gonçalves
Base and Extended One-Dimensional Warranties Analyses for Remanufactured Products

Uncertainties in the quality and reliability of remanufactured products from the buyer’s perspective might lead to a decision of not buying it. Remanufacturers must search for market mechanisms that provide assurance about the durability of remanufactured products. This paper considers a Remanufacturing-To-Order (RTO) system for sensor embedded products (SEPs). It presents an approach to determine how to predict base warranty (BW) and extended warranty (EW) periods for the remanufactured products using the sensor information about the age of each of the end-of-life (EOL) components on hand to meet the demand while minimizing the cost associated with warranty, maximizing manufacturer’s profit and finding an attractive price for the extended warranty. An example is considered to illustrate the implementation of the model.

Ammar Y. Alqahtani, Surendra M. Gupta
Sustainable Economic Development and High Quality Engineering Education: Correlating Factors in Brazil’s Macro Regions

GDP development over time is one method of measuring the economic evolution of a country. According to the OECD, there are several factors that can influence GDP, one of which is Engineering Education. A possible way to determine the potential for economic development would be assessing the performance of high-level education, especially if the GDP-Engineering correlation is taken into account. Studies were overtaken to study the lack of engineering in Brazil as a structural problem. However, there is no analysis about the regional factor and the engineering education performance. The objective of this paper is to assess if there is a correlation between the regional GDP and good performance Engineering Education in Brazil. The study is based on official data provided by governmental organizations. A conclusion is reached were the regional disparity in GDP is similar to the disparity on High Quality Engineering Education.

Vitor Mendes Caldana, Márcia Terra da Silva
Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Processes in Fabrication of Personalized Robot

Customers increasingly participate in the design stage of creating personalized products. Additive manufacturing (aka 3D printing) has become a popular enabler of personalization. In this paper we evaluate fabrication of an open source robot arm in terms of cost, build time, dimensional and locational accuracy, and mechanical properties. The mechanical components of the table-top robot were fabricated using two different AM processes: Fused deposition modelling (FDM) and Material Jetting (Polymer Jetting). Reducing the infill density to 50% in the FDM process resulted in a slight decrease in building time, material cost and tensile strength, and caused a 95% drop in yield strength. Simulation of the robot’s mechanical assembly using its CAD model based on the expected tolerances of the components, resulted in estimation of the end-effector positioning accuracy to be 0.01 to 0.22 mm.

Shushu Wang, Rakshith Badarinath, El-Amine Lehtihet, Vittaldas Prabhu
Retail Tactical Planning: An Aligned Process?

This paper addresses tactical planning in retailing through a case study approach in one grocery retailing company. The issues are how tactical planning is conducted and how the different plans are connected. The study complements earlier retail planning studies by showing the sequence of planning phases and by studying the fragmented plans as a process. The master category planning is important and sets borders for the other planning phases. This stabilizes overall planning. However, the retailer loses responsiveness to demand. The study proposes better integration among planning phases.

Heidi Dreyer, Iskra Dukovska-Popovska, Kasper Kiil, Riikka Kaipia
Influence of Quality and Productivity on Milk Production Sustainability: From an Anthropocentric to an Ecocentric View

Brazil ranks fourth worldwide position on milk production, and Minas Gerais State corresponds to 27% of national production. Eighty percent of the Brazilian milk producers are extensive-familiar, characterized by the absence of technicization and inefficient management that leads to low productivity and quality. Aiming to improve milk productivity and quality, the governmental program “Minas Leite” was launched. This work aims a regional sustainability multicriteria assessment of milk production in Minas Gerais. Social, economic, and environmental indexes are calculated before and after implementing “Minas Leite”. Results show that “Minas Leite” should be promoted because it leads to higher sustainability than current production (2.3 times more liters of milk per year, 8.9 times more annual net income, 52% more available jobs, and an increase of 13% on salaries paid). However, efforts are needed to reach a regional strong sustainability under an ecocentric perspective, because “Minas Leite” showed worst performance for environmental indicators.

Max W. Oliveira, Feni Agostinho, Cecília M. V. B. Almeida, Biagio F. Giannetti
Innovation and Quality

This is not a theoretical or applied paper, but with appropriate relevant discussion about the influence of progress in the fields of quality and innovation. These two important achievements of human intelligence can not certainly be fully accepted as wonders in service of humanity, as well as for the issue of sustainability. At the end of the discussion, it is placed by the authors the challenge of creating. The discussion is enriched writer the presentation of existence of case in where the presence of innovation may not lead to the dared results an indicator for quality of innovation.

Pedro Luiz de Oliveira Costa Neto, Marcos de Oliveira Morais
Health Tourism as an Inducer of Economic and Social Development in Teresina City

In recent years, the global growth of the economy contributed to the significant increase of tourism in the world, spreading its concepts in Brazil. There have also grown the related researches in the academic sector, as well as its concern with long life companies, growth in the Northeast region, globalization and other changes occurring in the short term. Thus, this work aims to present how a state among those with lower income per capita in the Federation, as Piaui, has a health care system in its capital which is a benchmark in Northeastern Brazil, influencing positively health tourism. The work deals with issues involving tourism as a product and service, having as a result the existence of a cluster of health in the city of Teresina with economic expression that justifies its importance as a generator of income, employment, science and technology and a promoter of sustainable development in that city.

Átila Melo de Lira, Herbert Gonçalves Espuny, Pedro Luiz de Oliveira Costa Neto, Reinaldo de Araújo Lopes
Mitigating Serialization and Traceability, a Study on the Strategies for the Implementation of the System and Adaptation to the TBR n 54 2013

Following a worldwide trend, Brazil is regulating control actions and traceability of medicines Through Board Resolution (TBR) n$${^\mathrm{o}}$$. 54, which provides for the establishment of the national system drug control and the mechanisms and precedents for your tracking in the chain of pharmaceuticals. Depending on the responsibility to ensure, ensure the maintenance, enhance quality, promote the safety and efficacy of products to the final consumer and seeking to avoid the risks and adverse health effects, companies, factures or importers, have a responsibility to adopt mechanisms and procedures that address is resolution. This article presents an overview of the needs of serialization and traceability pharma-protection products, as well as value creation opportunities in the implementation of systems and their adequacy to rules for companies that make up the cahate pharmaceutical value.

André Gomes de Lira Muniz, Debora Adriana Mões Correa, Jair Minoro Abe, Fábio Vieira do Amaral, Lauro H. C. Tomiatti
Theoretical Framework of Performance Indicators with BSC for the Private Higher Education Institution

Analyzing the performance of an organization requires the use of indicators. In recent decades, an indicator in particular has highlighted, the balanced scorecard (BSC). Therefore, a type of company specific, private higher education institutions (HEI’s), has received little attention in research in this area, especially in how is the process of applying these indicators. Thus, this study aims to understand how is the balanced score card application process on a private higher education institution. For this, this study drew on research built by authors who discuss this application, in order to develop a theoretical framework, demonstrating how this process occurs. So, theoretical contributions were generated by this study with the analysis of other theoretical contributions of more extensive research, in which they individually could not handle to fill this theoretical gap in the literature.

Átila de Melo Lira, Irenilza de Alencar Nääs

Collaborative Systems

Frontmatter
System Thinking and Business Model Canvas for Collaborative Business Models Design

The purpose of this research is to reduce the existing gap between the abstraction of the real world and business modeling. For that, we combine two solutions: the soft systems methodology (SSM) and business model canvas (BMC). The first step is to introduce the theoretical concepts of both. The second step is the application of each methodology separately. Moreover, the final stage is to feed the BMC with the outputs of SSM. Was verified in the results what the concept of approximate the real world to systemic world (SSM) bring several benefits in the application of the BMC.

Sergio Gustavo Medina Pereira, Franciele Alves dos Santos Medina, Rodrigo Franco Gonçalves, Márcia Terra da Silva
An Investigation to Manufacturing Analytical Services Composition Using the Analytical Target Cascading Method

As cloud computing is increasingly adopted, the trend is to offer software functions as modular services and compose them into larger, more meaningful ones. The trend is attractive to analytical problems in the manufacturing system design and performance improvement domain because (1) finding a global optimization for the system is a complex problem; and (2) sub-problems are typically compartmentalized by the organizational structure. However, solving sub-problems by independent services can result in a sub-optimal solution at the system level. This paper investigates the technique called Analytical Target Cascading (ATC) to coordinate the optimization of loosely-coupled sub-problems, each may be modularly formulated by differing departments and be solved by modular analytical services. The result demonstrates that ATC is a promising method in that it offers system-level optimal solutions that can scale up by exploiting distributed and modular executions while allowing easier management of the problem formulation.

Kai-wen Tien, Boonserm Kulvatunyou, Kiwook Jung, Vittaldas Prabhu
ERP Systems and BSC in the Operations Management: An Analysis of Results by Companies

This study objectives to verify, analyze and describe the difficulties and synergies between the strategic management methodology BSC (Balanced Scorecard) and integrated information system ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) in the operations management. This is a multiple case study, which focuses on the relationship between these systems, contributing to a theoretical model that relates the characteristics of both management systems. Based on a broad theoretical framework that addresses several issues related to operations management, strategy, organizational system, ERP, performance indices and BSC, five companies were visited to questionnaires that enabled the identification of synergies, benefits, problems and difficulties between the BSC and ERP. In conclusion of this study, observations were made in relation to the BSC and ERP systems, especially regarding the difficulties identified and synergies between them in the operations management. Stood out in this work, the importance these two systems for planning, implementation and monitoring of strategy in organizations.

Celso Affonso Couto, Oduvaldo Vendrametto, Pedro Luiz Oliveira Costa Neto, Marcos de Oliveira Morais, Antonio Sérgio Brejão
Toward a Matching Approach to Support CBM (Collaborative Business Model) Processes Between Regional Entrepreneurs Within the RIS3 Policy

One of the objectives of the European Commission for 2014–2020 is to establish “Research and Innovation Strategies for the Smart Specialization” (RIS3). The originality of RIS3 is the “bottom-up” identification of regional priorities especially through the “Entrepreneurial Discovery” (ED) process. The Collaborative Business Models (CBM) approach has probably a role to play within this process as a suitable strategic tool to set up regional “value networks”. However, the preparatory stage of CBM and especially the identification and the matching processes among potential RE partners is often not addressed. This work is based on the need to support the discovering and the matching processes between “regional entrepreneurs” (companies, research, consulting, association, public authorities...) in order to improve the efficacy of CBM and RIS3. In this paper, we propose a review of the state of the art concerning the different dimensions linked to the matching processes.

Jérémie Faham, Maxime Daniel, Jérémy Legardeur
Office Location, A Strategy for Legal Logistics

Center of gravity is a geographical location method widely used in industrial management. Apply for legal logistics were a challenge to find possible locations to settle future law firms in other locations. Brazil is a continental country with different population densities that make the use of technologies and methodologies necessary to become more assertive geographical location. Using the problem-solving method and the creation of an electronic simulator was possible to find the optimum location to minimize both costs and results.

Cícero Tadeu Tavares Duarte, José Benedito Sacomano, Jorge Luiz de Macêdo, Élissa Tavares Duarte Cavalcante, Layse Andreza de Sousa Carvalho
RFID Integration for Material Management Considering Engineering Changes in ETO Industry

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a type of auto-identification technique developed in 1950s. However, its wide applications in manufacturing industries does not start until early 2000s. Discussions about applications of RFID in Engineer to Order (ETO) industry have been raised since mid-2000s. Over a decade’s technical development, it is becoming a common view that RFID is an important part of Cyber Physical Systems, Internet of Things, or Industry 4.0. Although researchers have started discussion about RFID applications in ETO industry, it is not well addressed that how RFID can be applied for the material management with respect to engineering changes (ECs), which has strong impacts on an ETO company. This paper reviews RFID applications in ETO industry and gives suggestions on how an RFID system can be integrated in an ETO company? How has RFID been utilized for material management under engineering changes? And what is the general framework of RFID in material management in ETO industry?

Quan Yu, Pavan Kumar Sriram, Erlend Alfnes, Jan Ola Strandhagen

Innovation and Collaborative Networks

Frontmatter
Improving the Sustainability of SOA Providers’ Networks via a Collaborative Process Innovation Model

Companies from the software sector have been seeking new, sustainable business models. A key strategy to achieve is innovation. Being a sector largely formed by SMEs, a general problem is to keep innovation a sustainable practice. Many companies have been shifting their systems’ architectures to SOA, but despite its potentials, SOA projects are often costly, complex and risky. One approach to mitigate this is endowing companies with means to innovate collaboratively. Current innovation models are mostly devoted to the manufacturing sector, without supporting the many software and SOA specificities. We present a collaborative innovation process model as a contribution to fill this gap. The model combines open and network innovation approaches and allowing the tailoring of process composition to accommodate the uniqueness of innovation projects. The proposed model was evaluated by industry.

João F. Santanna-Filho, Ricardo J. Rabelo, Peter Bernus, Alexandra A. Pereira-Klen
Theoretical Models to Classify the Type of Interorganizational Networks in Productive Systems

The purpose of this article is to research the theoretical models to analyze Interorganizational systems and networks in a production chain. To achieve the objective of this study a bibliographic research was conducted to study and selection of indicators of theoretical models found. With the defined indicators was conducted a pilot with five large companies that provide for industrial manufacturers to test and evaluate the research process. In this pilot had the chance to prove the search results to the theory, the chosen production system was the automotive industry and their first-tier suppliers. It is a chain known and established for over 30 years. The IOS type can be classified sequential interdependence, the pattern of use is the exploitation, the type of network is a cluster and the main goal is to improve operational efficiency.

Marcelo T. Okano, Oduvaldo Vendrametto, Marcelo Eloy Fernandes, Osmildo S. Dos Santos, Marcos Antonio Maia de Oliveira
Business Model Innovation in State-Owned and Private-Owned Enterprises in China

The aim of the paper is to identify the complexity of policy execution, investment and financial support between state-owned and private-owned enterprises in China. Based on the literature review of business model innovation, and current situation of private-owned and state-owned enterprises in China, there is a lack of evidence and case analysis in the power of policy execution and the version of future development between two kinds of industries. The authors conducted qualitative research in four typical industries. Two of them are private-owned and the others are state-owned. The research aims to make a specific comparison between two kinds of industries in China.

Yan Li, Maria Holgado, Steve Evans
Analysis of Inter-firm Co-operation in Joint Research and Development Projects

Companies need to renew themselves to be able to compete in the dynamic global markets. Especially for the SMEs this is often challenging due to their weaker risk tolerance and fewer resources. Co-operation is often considered to be effective way to tackle these challenges and considerable amount of public funding has been directed to stimulate this co-operation. Still, deep research and development (R&D) co-operation between companies exists rarely. The paper presents qualitative analysis on co-operation in two joint R&D projects. The level of inter-firm co-creation in studied cases was low. This was explained by lack of resources, differences of R&D goals and changes in project consortium. Finally, we present two possible solutions to increase the level of inter-firm co-creation in joint R&D projects.

Matti Majuri, Hasse Nylund, Minna Lanz
The Identification of the Professional Profile that Uses Canvas Approach

This paper shows the study of the canvas approach to the profiles of team members. It has a qualitative character. The objective is to identification the professional profile that uses the canvas approach. The results relate 12 Canvas Models and its interaction with 6 consulted professional profiles. The main contribution is the identification of relations between the use of the tools and professional profiles. However, the sequence of use idealized by the Canvas creators is not followed by the professional in practice.

Irapuan Glória Júnior, Rodrigo Franco Gonçalves
Sustainable Development Within Enterprise Architecture

Enterprises are looking for improvements in their processes, products and services, causing them to become more complex mainly due to the amount of information and requirements involved. At same time, governments and costumers are more conscious about Sustainable Development requirements. Enterprise Architectures supports the analysis, simulation, automated systems projects, distribution of responsibilities and authorities, aimed at reengineering or improvement of companies processes. However, they do not seem to contemplate the requirements related to Sustainable Development in a systemic and integrated way. This paper discusses the derivation and incorporation of Sustainable Development requirements into Enterprise Architecture Frameworks (EAF). Then, this works presents some initial guidelines to extend components of GERAM with ISO standards and frameworks related to sustainability.

Daniel F. R. Alves, Renato de Campos, Fernando B. Souza

Agrifood Supply Chains

Frontmatter
Effects of Price and Transportation Costs in Soybean Trade

The United States, Brazil, and Argentina are responsible for 83% of world’s soybean production. Together, they respond to more than 80% of soybean grains and soybean meal exported and for more than 60% of soybean oil exportation. This paper studies the soybean trade of these three major exporters with the top ten commercial partners of each one in order to examine the main factors that influence this relationship. We follow a network analysis approach to evaluate the level of interdependence between exporters and importers. Our research studies the three main soybean products: grain, meal, and oil. The findings seem to indicate that countries prefer importing soybean grains to process inside their borders due to commodity prices and logistics costs.

João Gilberto Mendes dos Reis, Pedro Amorim, José António S. Cabral
Effects of the Logistics in the Volume of Soybean by Export Corridor of Mato Grosso

Brazil is one of the biggest producer and exporter of soybean. Its production is basically divided among six main players which Mato Grosso alone responds for 29,3% of total production of the country. The aim of this paper is to investigate the relation between logistics factors and the volume of soybean transported by corridors of exportation. To this end, we develop a multi-linear regression model and tested using data of Mato Grosso state. The results show that low transportation costs per ton, port capacity and increase soybean volume in the corridor of exportation.

Rodrigo Carlo Toloi, João Gilberto Mendes dos Reis, Oduvaldo Vendrametto, Sivanilza Teixeira Machado, Valdir Morales
Does the VHP Sugar Price Influence in the Ethanol Volume Production?

Brazil has become one of the major producers of sugar and ethanol. However, as both products share the same production process, the volume of production of sugar or ethanol is influenced by government policies and marketing prices. The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of the international prices of VHP sugar in the mix of production of hydrous ethanol and sugar. A multiple linear regression studies with statistical software R was conducted using as reference data of Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil between 2002/03 and 2014/15. The results indicated that the sugar and ethanol production in this state was bonded to the prices variance of VHP sugar on the international market.

Edison Sotolani Claudino, João Gilberto Mendes dos Reis, Pedro L. O. Costa Neto, Antônio C. V. Lopes, Alessandra Q. Silva
Performance Assessment for a Sustainable Supply Chain at Local Level

This article aims to provide a tool to diagnose the supply chain management from a performance reference model allowing evaluating the links individually and the supply chain as a whole, taking as case study the mango pulp supply chain at local level in Santiago de Cuba in Cuba. The reference model considers a territorial approach to rural development that do not have a specialized logistics system. The identification and better understanding of the obstacles that limit the supply chain is the great importance both for the definition of public policies and for awareness and making sustainable decisions of companies operating in the sector.

Leticia Prevez, Biagio F. Giannetti, Cecilia M. V. B. Almeida, Feni Agostinho
Food Supply Chain - Sustainability in Small Milk Industry

Farming is very important for the development of a country economy and, in Brazil, cattle (meat and milk) is one of the most important sectors of this segment. This paper aims to develop a conceptual framework to identify the key characteristics of the Short Food Supply Chain and, moreover, propose a model for the implementation of sustainability in the sector of small milk producers and dairy products. The research presents data from small producers located in Paraná, Brazil and utilizes the better condition of Italian producers in the Veneto region as a benchmarking to identify opportunities for improvement by adopting the concept of Short Food Supply Chain. The conclusion of the analysis showed that there are significant gains for small farmers with the adoption of the proposed model because it solves several issues that currently hinder the development of the sector.

Simone Beux, Arcione Viagi, Roberto Panizzolo, Martino Cassandro, Nina Waszczynskyj
Post-Harvest Soybean Loss During Truck Transport: A Case Study of Piaui State, Brazil

Reducing post-harvest losses in the grain production system are of great interest to Brazilian agricultural production. Truck transport is commonly used world wide for the distribution of goods for trade. In Brazil, truck transportation is usually the most economical way to distribute goods in places where inexpensive or natural means of transport alternatives are not available. Truck transport plays a significant role in moving raw materials and processed products from the agricultural production. This study aimed to evaluate the post-harvest loss in transportation in soybean in the state of Piaui. The route of trucks loaded with soybean was analyzed from two regions. The trucks were weighted when leaving the farm and again weighted when arriving at the processing plant. Results indicate that there was a difference in weight between the farm and final destination indicating possible losses during the road transport.

Paola Medeiros, Irenilza de Alencar Nääs, Oduvaldo Vendrametto, Mathilde Soares

Production Economics

Frontmatter
Cost Modelling Approach for the Source Specific Evaluation of Alternative Manufacturing Networks

In order to seize the full potential of production on a global scale, companies need to constantly evolve their production networks and reconsider the number of sites. Decision making in this context forces corporations to process a substantial amount of information and complexity. Prominent examples of German companies (e.g. Stihl or Steiff) prove the present struggle of decision makers. Existing approaches are either too complex and effortful or they do not consider all decision relevant cost factors in a cause-fair way. This paper presents a pragmatic cost modelling approach which focuses on the identification and projection of decision relevant cost factors as well as their source specific allocation in terms of the impact on existing sites in the network.

Christina Reuter, Jan-Philipp Prote, Torben Schmitz
Measuring the Economic Impact of Metrological Frauds in Trade Metrology Using an Input-Output Model

The present study aims to evaluate the economic distortion in trade metrology due to metrological frauds in measuring instruments used in the commerce and industry. The economic distortion represents the economic losses due to measurement deviations in trade. An Input-Output Model approach is carried out in order to determine the economic distortion whenever an output in a process represents the input to another one and it considers the aggregation of values of products traded in the economy. A case test is also conducted using empirical data of measurement errors and metrological frauds in the fuel sector in Brazil in order to determine their economic impact. The results show that the impact of metrological frauds increase the distortion uncertainty from US$ 54,910,307.13 to US$ 303,734,309.35 toward consumers’ losses creating a great asymmetry in the market.

Bruno A. Rodrigues Filho, Rodrigo Franco Gonçalves
Effects of Transport Infrastructure in the Economic Development

This paper investigates the relationship between transport infrastructure and economic development. The analysis considers a sample of the ten countries with the highest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) among to 2010 to 2014. The GDP is correlated to the Logistic Performance Index of the World Bank (LPI) using linear regression. The results showed that there is not a relationship between the two variables, but suggest that this relationship is positive when considering the GDP per capita of the ten countries surveyed.

José Alberto Alencar Luz, João Gilberto Mendes dos Reis, Fábio de Araújo Leite, Karmem Weruska Fortes de Araújo, Gorthon Moritz
Contributions of the Program Inovar-Auto to the Automotive Manufacturers in Brazil

The Brazilian government intents to stimulate and modernize the national automotive industry. The Inovar-Auto program propose to improve the international competitiveness of automobile auto parts industry and to reduce the importations. This paper aims to verify the influence of the Inovar-Auto program in competitiveness of Brazilian automotive industry. To this end, we carried out a search regarding the investments to the following years of the program, the participation of international enterprises as stakeholders of the national industry and its next goals. The results showed that the major investments came from international companies.

Nivaldo Luiz Palmeri, Oduvaldo Vendrametto, João Gilberto Mendes dos Reis, Rosangela Kronig

Lean Manufacturing

Frontmatter
Supermarkets vs. FIFO Lanes: A Comparison of Work-in-Process Inventories and Delivery Performance

Pull production is a key element for a lean manufacturing system. In pull production, buffer inventories between two processes can be implemented either through a FIFO lane as part of a kanban loop, or through a supermarket, in which case the value stream is split into two different kanban loops. This paper compares the usage of FIFO lanes and supermarkets with respect to the work-in-process inventory needed to achieve a similar delivery performance. The results clearly show that there is only a minor difference in inventory between the usage of FIFO lanes and supermarkets.

Denis Wiesse, Christoph Roser
Lean Manufacturing and Sustainability: An Integrated View

Lean Manufacturing has always been seen as a mean to improve efficiency by reducing operations costs, but the recent focus on sustainability and its three pillar (economic, environmental and social) brought new issues to be addressed. In this paper, a new framework that links lean manufacturing with sustainability is proposed and then refined through a cross-sectoral multiple case study. The results highlight the need to align the lean implementation process with the sustainability strategy in order to avoid the negative impacts that lean production could have on the environmental and social components of sustainability.

Barbara Resta, Stefano Dotti, Paolo Gaiardelli, Albachiara Boffelli
Direction of the Bottleneck in Dependence on Inventory Levels

Buffers decouple fluctuations in the material flow. It is common wisdom in industry that a full buffer indicates a downstream bottleneck and an empty buffer indicates an upstream bottleneck. Numerous different bottleneck detection methods use this approach to detect the bottlenecks. However, so far this common wisdom on the shop floor has not yet been verified academically. The authors tested this hypothesis using a bottleneck detection method that was able to detect the bottleneck in a system at any given time. The bottleneck direction can reasonably be determined based on the inventory levels of the buffer only for symmetrical systems. In asymmetrical systems, the likelihood of the bottleneck direction is biased toward the bottleneck.

Carolin Romeser, Christoph Roser

Cyber-Physical (IIoT) Technology Deployments in Smart Manufacturing Systems, an SM & CPPS SIG Workshop Session

The Operator 4.0: Human Cyber-Physical Systems & Adaptive Automation Towards Human-Automation Symbiosis Work Systems

A vision for the Operator 4.0 is presented in this paper in the context of human cyber-physical systems and adaptive automation towards human-automation symbiosis work systems for a socially sustainable manufacturing workforce. Discussions include base concepts and enabling technologies for the development of human-automation symbiosis work systems in Industry 4.0.

David Romero, Peter Bernus, Ovidiu Noran, Johan Stahre, Åsa Fast-Berglund
Supporting the Requirements Elicitation Process for Cyber-Physical Product-Service Systems Through a Gamified Approach

Solutions are offered more and more in the form of Product-Service Systems (PSS), which combine tangible and intangible components into a comprehensive package for the customer. The rise of Internet of Things technology enables new ways of integrating products and services. So-called Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) include the necessary sensors, actuators and software to provide reconfigurable functionalities for changing demands. However, engineering complexity is increased by the evolutionary aspect, as well as the increased number of stakeholders and system components involved over the whole life cycle. Understanding the underlying requirements is fundamental to establish a common perception of the targeted system among the manufacturer, service providers and the other stakeholders. This paper presents a gamified approach to elicit stakeholder requirements for the development of these complex systems. Four industrial users will use the gamified environment for refining their existing requirements.

Stefan Wiesner, Jannicke Baalsrud Hauge, Florian Haase, Klaus-Dieter Thoben

Smart Manufacturing System Characterization, an SM & CPPS SIG Workshop Session

Applications of the Factory Design and Improvement Reference Activity Model

Developed countries and global manufacturing enterprises are leading the way for developing smart manufacturing systems (SMS) to improve competitiveness and possibly make technological breakthroughs. SMS is based upon the integration of information and communication technology with manufacturing technology; and all the heterogeneous technologies must be seamlessly connected. However, there is a lack of guidance in what technologies should be deployed and how they may be used. This paper introduces a reference activity model and describes various ways in which it can be used as guidance for deploying smart manufacturing technology.

SangSu Choi, Gyhun Kang, Kiwook Jung, Boonserm Kulvatunyou, KC Morris
An Overview of a Smart Manufacturing System Readiness Assessment

Smart manufacturing, today, is the ability to continuously maintain and improve performance, with intensive use of information, in response to the changing environments. Technologies for creating smart manufacturing systems or factories are becoming increasingly abundant. Consequently, manufacturers, large and small, need to correctly select and prioritize these technologies correctly. In addition, other improvements may be necessary to receive the greatest benefit from the selected technology. This paper proposes a method for assessing a factory for its readiness to implement those technologies. The proposed readiness levels provide users with an indication of their current factory state when compared against a reference model. Knowing this state, users can develop a plan to increase their readiness. Through validation analysis, we show that the assessment has a positive correlation with the operational performance.

Kiwook Jung, Boonserm Kulvatunyou, Sangsu Choi, Michael P. Brundage
Applying Gamification for Developing Formal Knowledge Models: Challenges and Requirements

A main challenge in developing formal knowledge models is to efficiently elicit knowledge from various resources and form a coherent body of knowledge that can be validated and extended by user communities. The higher the complexity of a system, the more challenging it is to establish these models, specifically if there are several stakeholders involved, with various level of knowledge and needs. The usage of participatory design approaches in combination with Serious Games (SG) could ensure that all stakeholders are active, as well as that each perspective can be considered. So far manufacturing concepts have not reached their full potential due to the fact that gamification efforts are costly, time consuming to develop, and require the constant involvement of developers even for small changes. The authors discuss the use of a gamification tool to support knowledge processes, respectively knowledge experiencing, conceptualizing, analyzing and applying in engineering environments. To support this approach, especially in terms of costs, the paper presents an approach that makes customization accessible for non-SG professionals.

Jannicke Baalsrud Hauge, Stefan Wiesner, Ioana A. Stefan, Antoniu Stefan, Klaus-Dieter Thoben

Knowledge Management in Production Systems

Frontmatter
Workers’ Perspective About Organizational Climate in Knowledge Management: Automotive Assembly-Line Case

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relation between Organizational Climate and Knowledge Management in the shop floor. The study is conducted in an auto part plant inserted in a Truck Factory with 7 partners. 44 blue collar workers were interviewed. The results show a relationship between Organizational Climate and Knowledge Management in the automotive sector, evidenced by the significant correlations between the variables analyzed. The unemployment situation can negatively influence the climate of organizations. The positive social interaction can preserve knowledge sharing even when there are weaknesses in the organizational climate. Future research can compare the results of this study with another sample in the same environment in stable employment situation. Other research may replicate this study with a larger number of participants.

Indira A. Rodriguez, Aline Garcia, Suelen C. F. Morais, Jorge Muniz Jr., Timothy P. Munyon
ERP Software Quality Using Paraconsistent Logic

This study shows the perception of users regarding the ERP software (Enterprise Resource Planning). We used ISO/IEC 9126-1 for the evaluation of quality questions. As a decision-making tool, we used the Paraconsistent Annotated Evidential Logic E, assisting software factories in which quality item to invest in ERP order to improve the production process and consequently their final product.

Priscila F. Tavaves, Jair M. Abe, Genivaldo Carlos Silva, Avelino P. Pimenta Jr.
A Structured Outsourcing Procedure

Outsourcing of production entails a vast amount of activities and decisions. Although it has many acknowledged benefits, it is associated with substantial risk, and may lead to increased costs and loss of business if it is not carried out carefully and in a systematic manner. The identified outsourcing literature mainly focuses on specific parts of the outsourcing process and often provides limited practical guidance. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to synthesize existing research on outsourcing processes into one structured outsourcing procedure. This can guide companies in carrying out outsourcing activities in a systematic manner. The suggested procedure is discussed in light of a case study of two production transfers between a Norwegian supplier of advanced maritime monitoring systems and one of its strategic suppliers.

Maria Flavia Mogos, Børge Sjøbakk, Erlend Alfnes
The Need for Knowledge Management When Backsourcing is Embraced

This paper focuses on a relatively new sourcing strategy referred to as backsourcing, where we emphasize the importance of knowledge reintegration and how it can be managed. Our reference for this approach is built upon Knowledge Management theory and contribution from different academics that have discussed and highlighted the reversal of global manufacturing strategies. This is illustrated through an interview study with three members within the maritime industry at a high-cost location, which have already embraced a backsourcing strategy, or are preparing to embark on one. Findings in this paper contribute toward providing strategic choices that should be considered when reintegrating globally fragmented knowledge.

Bella B. Nujen, Rickard Damm

Service-Oriented Architecture for Smart Manufacturing System, an SM & CPPS SIG Workshop Session

Industrial IoT Gateway with Machine Learning for Smart Manufacturing

Working together is important aspect of future industry. Therefore, technologies like Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, SOA give rise to another industrial revolution. We propose here a concept definition, which focuses on data acquisition, integration and predictive control in the industry. The concept consists of industrial IoT gateway, cloud services and machine learning services. We used machine learning to verify our data acquisition solution and we implemented prediction control as a cloud service. Finally, proposed solution will exceed boundaries inside ICS (Information and Control System), improve flexibility, interoperability and test plant prediction control in smart manufacturing.

Tomáš Lojka, Martin Miškuf, Iveta Zolotová
The Paradigm Shift in Smart Manufacturing System Architecture

Smart Manufacturing seeks to integrate advanced manufacturing methods, operational technologies (OT), and information and communication technologies (ICT) to drive the creation of manufacturing systems with greater capabilities in cost control and performance. A crucial differentiation of smart manufacturing systems (SMS) lies in their architectures, which are organized as networks of cooperating manufacturing components specialized for different functions as opposed to the previous organization characterized by rigid, hierarchically-integrated layers of application components. This “ecosystem” of manufacturing components enables SMS that can provide heretofore unattainable levels of performance for manufacturers with respect to agility, productivity, and quality. This paper provides a study of the architectural impact of individual ICT technologies on the emerging manufacturing ecosystem that potentially eliminates the need to design manufacturing systems based on the hierarchical levels of the legacy ISA 95 model. Additionally, we propose a service-oriented SMS architecture that leverages the benefits of ICT and the safety and security requirements from the OT domain. Key challenges of implementing such architectures are also presented.

Yan Lu, Frank Riddick, Nenad Ivezic
A Hybrid Method for Manufacturing Text Mining Based on Document Clustering and Topic Modeling Techniques

As the volume of online manufacturing information grows steadily, the need for developing dedicated computational tools for information organization and mining becomes more pronounced. This paper proposes a novel approach for facilitating search and organization of textual documents and also extraction of thematic patterns in manufacturing corpora using document clustering and topic modeling techniques. The proposed method adopts K-means and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) algorithms for document clustering and topic modeling, respectively. Through experimental validation, it is shown that topic modeling, in conjunction with document clustering, facilitates automated annotation and classification of manufacturing webpages as well as extraction of useful patterns, thus improving the intelligence of supplier discovery and knowledge acquisition tools.

Peyman Yazdizadeh Shotorbani, Farhad Ameri, Boonserm Kulvatunyou, Nenad Ivezic

Advances in Cleaner Production

Frontmatter
A Thermal System Based on Controlled Entropy for Treatment of Medical Waste by Solar Energy

This article discusses the implementation of a large scale way of urban waste management in terms of its non-aggressive and productive destination, at low energy costs and with high reuse of byproducts. Aiming at the processing of medical waste, but not excluding other types of residues, present work is primarily focused on the so-called infectious waste, because they have greater virulence, infectivity and concentration, and wastes of type “skin-scissoring-piercing”, which are objects and instruments containing corners, edges or rigid and acute protuberances capable of cutting or drilling. In this paper, it is proposed an industrial solar system to recycling medical waste based on pyrolysis induced by plasma and controlled entropy.

Nilo Serpa, Ivanir Costa, Rodrigo Franco Gonçalves
Analysis of the Polyethylene Terephthalate Production Chain: An Approach Based on the Emergy Synthesis

The petrochemical industry is characterized by the intense use of non-renewable resources, such as crude oil, associated to a high environmental load derived from efforts from nature and human systems to produce these products. These efforts may be accounted for by emergy synthesis, which is a tool that determines the amount of energy, directly or indirectly, necessary to obtain a product or service by means of a common unit (solar equivalent Joules seJ). In this work, emergy synthesis is applied to the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) production chain in the European petrochemical sector. The unit emergy values (UEV) of the system products are estimated, enabling comparative interpretations among the quality of energy usage and processes’ efficiency.

Gustavo Bustamante, Biagio F. Giannetti, Feni Agostinho, Cecília M. V. B. Almeida
Urban Solid Waste: An Analysis of Energy Recovery Efficiency Three Different Treatment Systems in Brazil

The final disposal of urban solid waste has become a major concern in a world where urbanization is a trend. In this study three different systems were analyzed by accounting renewable, non-renewable and paid resources in a common basis, with the emergy accounting methodology, so it is possible to obtain ratios and indices that aid the comprehension, management and enable the comparison among the three system: landfill, pyrolysis and plasma arc. The systems are now operating, except for the arc plasma, which is under implementation in the municipality of Hortolândia-SP. The indices show that the landfill with electricity production is the system with better performance for 5 out of 6 indexes. For every gram of USW treated, the landfill can produce $$1.78\,\times \,1016$$ joules of electricity, which means that this system is 5 times more efficient than the pyrolisis and the plasma arc systems in this scope.

Geslaine Frimaio, Adrielle Frimaio, Cezar Augusto Frimaio, Cecília M. V. B. Almeida
Naphtha Production Assessment from the Perspective of the Emergy Accounting

Naphtha is the main petroleum derivative used as a feedstock for the steam cracking of olefins and aromatic petrochemical products. The environmental performance of the production of 1 kg of naphtha is evaluated using a Life Cycle Inventory-based emergy accounting, considering the environmental load of labor and services. The biophysical flows, which reflect the work of nature in the creation of the resources required for the production and the monetary systems, are evaluated in terms of emergy. The information recorded in a life cycle inventory (LCI) is used for the estimation of the specific emergy of naphtha. The results show that labor and services flows correspond to 10.54% and 12.93% of the total system emergy, respectively. The LCI-based emergy accounting, although being an unconventional measurement method, was found feasible bringing additional information that may help decision making.

G. Bustamante, B. F. Giannetti, F. Agostinho, Márcia Terra da Silva, C. M. V. B. Almeida
Economic and Environmental Advantages of Rubber Recycling

This research aims to evaluate the economic and environmental advantages of the adoption of Cleaner Production practices in a rubber products manufacturer. The inappropriate waste disposal of rubber was an issue to be solved, so recycle this material was the way to mitigate environmental impact. The economic gain was evaluated by calculating the return over investment and the environmental benefits through the methodology of mass intensity factor. The results showed a return over investment in 17 months, however the most expressive advantage was at the environmental perspective.

Geraldo Cardoso de Oliveira Neto, Henrricco Nieves Pujol Tucci, Luiz Fernando Rodrigues Pinto, Ivanir Costa, Roberto Rodrigues Leite
Energy Efficiency and Global Warming Potential of a Wind-Energy Complex at Brazilian Piauí State

The human addiction to fossil fuel and global warming leads to the search for alternative energy sources. The Brazilian government intends to increase its dependence on renewable energy sources, including hydropower, biomass, and wind. Many political and economic efforts have been directed to wind-energy, however, there is a lack of case-specific information regarding its performance for CO2 emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. The aim of this work is to assess the global warming potential (GWP) and the fossil energy embodied in an important wind-energy complex located at Piauí State, Brazil. Results show that evaluated wind-complex demands lower amount of fossil energy (0.0404 MJ) and has lower GWP (4.13 gCO2-eq.) per kWh of electricity generated when compared to landmark studies. Wind-electricity showed better performance than hydroelectricity (0.1516 MJ/kWh and 11.84 gCO2-eq./kWh), which supports wind-electricity as an important alternative towards an economy decarbonization.

Márcio Costa, Feni Agostinho, Cecília M. V. B. Almeida, Biagio F. Giannetti

Sustainable Production Management - Which Approaches Work in Practice?

Frontmatter
Climate Change and the Brazilian Broiler Meat Production Chain

Brazil is one of the world largest exporters of broiler meat, and this sector is highly vulnerable to the estimate of climate change. The objective of this theoretical research is to present the importance of climate change, considering the effect of global warming, in the broiler meat supply chain, as well as the main guidelines for the analysis of the variables related to the production cost of the poultry farms. The theoretical concepts of the broiler chicken production process chain and the dynamics of climate change have been studied. Moreover, by mapping the productive network with their respective inputs and outputs, applying the cause/effect diagram it was possible to display the primary variables that might contribute to the operational performance of the chain. The result of the study pointed out the most important components that contribute to cost generation in the broiler meat production chain, considering the global temperature variations.

Robert A. Waker, Irenilza de Alencar Nääs
Production Planning and Control: The Dissemination Tool of the Operation Strategy

The objective of this research is to analyze the Production Planning and Control (PPC) as a dissemination tool of the operation strategy in industries that compete in environmental sustainability. We used a qualitative methodology supported by cases studies, based on interviews with managers responsible for the production planning and control of four big Brazilian industries. The results indicated that PPC can be an efficient tool to dissiminate the operation strategy for its power of integration with the many key areas involved in an industry, what can bring pratical implications to the ones responsible for the formulation and implementation of the operation strategy. The result is of value because PPC can be used as an ally of the operation/production managers to promote and lead the implementation of the operation strategy on the shop floor.

Walter C. Satyro, Jose B. Sacomano, Jose Celso Contador
Solar Water Heating: Possibilities of Use in Industrial Processes in Brazil

The increase of the global energy consumption generated the search for alternative sources of energy, including solar. This study aims to identify the current stage and the possibilities of the application of solar water heating for industrial processes and to characterize the current state of the solar sector in Brazil. This study is based on bibliographic review and secondary data. The findings indicate that the use of solar water heating is a viable alternative for industrial processes in Brazil, mainly in the sectors of food, beverages, textiles and chemicals. The industrial sector is big and one of the largest final consumer of electricity; although, the Brazilian development programs for the use of solar energy stimulate residential applications, a contradiction. The research also indicates that there is a lack of professionals specialized in renewable energies to work with solar heating systems in Brazil.

Etevaldo Francisco Carreira Junior, Walter C. Satyro, José B. Sacomano, José Celso Contador
Strategic Factors to Obtain Competitive Advantage in Industries that Compete in Environmental Sustainability

The objective of this paper is to present factors that can impact the strategy, responsible for the understanding of the competitive context, so that a business and operation strategy can be formulated to reach competitive advantage. These factors were identified in CAC – Campos e Armas da Competicao (in Portuguese), Fields and Weapons of the Competition model of strategy formulation, and in the literature review. Using qualitative methodology supported on documentary research, we analyzed 10 industries listed in the BM&FBOVESPA Stock Exchange, Sao Paulo, Brazil, that composes the ISE Index (Enterprise Sustainability Index), with an estimated total market value of US$ 116 Billion based on October 2015. The results showed that the factors presented were used by these industries to formulate their strategies, but none used all of them. This research is designed for industries that compete in environmental sustainability.

Walter C. Satyro, José B. Sacomano, José Celso Contador
Approaches for the Integration of the Social and Environmental Dimensions of Sustainability in Manufacturing Companies

Social, environmental and economic challenges such as poverty, sub-standard working conditions, climate change, resource scarcity or environmental depletion lead to a rising importance of a multi-dimensional consideration of sustainability in manufacturing companies. The strong impact of manufacturing on humans and the environment necessitates the integration of social and environmental aspects in addition to the currently predominant focus on economic results. This paper exploits the potential of approaches with a cost, result and life-time perspective in order to obtain a well-balanced and measurable view on sustainability of manufacturing companies in industrial practice.

Paul Schönsleben, Felix Friemann, Manuel Rippel
An Emergy Environmental Accounting-Based Study of Different Biofuel Production Systems

At the same time that the expectations grow around sustainable energy generation, biofuels emerge as an alternative to fossil fuels. This study evaluates the use of resources in the different biofuel production systems based on the emergy ternary diagram. A set of indicators was incorporated to the evaluation, aiming to display the environmental performance of each system. Results indicated that most of the analyzed systems are highly dependent on economy-sourced resources, evidencing that in a long term, there is no sustainable system. However, one of the public managers’ aims is to search for a means to indicate which policies and patterns are sustainable for humanity and nature. Since economic development is dependent of the resources it uses, emergy accounting may be used as a tool in the process of selecting plans for sustainable development.

Maria de Fátima de Freitas Bueno, Cecília Maria Villas Bôas Almeida, Feni Agostinho, Sérgio Ulgiati, Biagio Fernando Giannetti
Managing the Socially Sustainable Global Manufacturing Network

Footprint decisions in global manufacturing networks have an impact on local society, environment and economy. However, the reverse influence can also be detected: the globally increasing awareness of customers and politics related to socially sustainable manufacturing is driving the design of footprint decisions. This paper exploits the effects of offshoring and reshoring in global manufacturing networks from the social and economic dimensions of sustainability. It presents and examines examples from industrial practice.

Paul Schönsleben, Felix Friemann, Manuel Rippel
Mapping a Value Stream with the Perspective of Sustainability

Companies align lean production and sustainability differently depending on organization model. Lean provides social foundation for sustainability and makes it possible to implement sustainability, and integrate lean and sustainability. The work presented here maps a current value stream with measures from different methodologies presented in the literature. The objective of this paper is to integrate sustainability measures with a traditional value stream mapping. Economic, environmental, and societal metrics are presented. The result indicates that the interest of the different metrics depends on the role within the organization.

Veronica Lindström, Niklas Ingesson

Operations Management in Engineer-to-Order Manufacturing

Frontmatter
Buyer–Supplier Information Sharing in ETO

This paper presents a case study of the information sharing practices in a buyer–supplier relationship of companies that deliver products to the global maritime industry. The main research question is whether improving the quality of shared information between buyer and supplier will enhance information utilization by the supplier and improve the operational efficiency of both companies. The case study describes the process of analyzing the information flows between the buyer and the supplier and the utilization of the shared information by the supplier. Our main focus was on analyzing information quality and information utilization, and finding solutions to improve the information sharing practices between the two companies.

Espen Rød, Mikhail Shlopak, Gabriele Hofinger Junge, Erlend Alfnes
Developing Supplier Strategies for ETO Companies: A Case Study

The purpose of this paper is to present results of applying the Kraljic purchasing portfolio model at three Norwegian engineer-to-order (ETO) companies. The case companies operate in different markets, deliver products of different levels of complexity, and apply different organizational strategies, and differ in several other ways. The paper discusses the ways in which the case companies can develop their supplier strategies based on the executed Kraljic analysis, while emphasizing the importance of taking the companies’ distinctive features into consideration.

Mikhail Shlopak, Espen Rød, Oddmund Oterhals
Categorizing Engineer-to-Order Companies Through Their Project Execution Strategy

One of the main characteristics of engineer-to-order (ETO) manufacturing companies is that they are project organized and, by definition, each project is a unique endeavor [1]. The implication of this characteristic reflects in that most of the ETO companies apply own execution strategies to their projects. However, these strategies do not always fit the complexity of ETO projects that usually are phase-based managed and involve several participants in each of the phases. This research paper proposes a new categorization of ETO companies based on the project execution strategy applied by our case companies. The scope of such categorization is to support practitioners in defining their strategies for managing ETO projects.

Kristina Kjersem, Gabriele H. Jünge
Improving Planning Process for ETO-Projects: A Case Study

This research paper builds on a case study performed at a Norwegian company that deals with a large number of small Engineer-To-Order (ETO) projects. Recently, the company started an improvement process pursuing lean principles. One of the initiatives taken by the company is to improve the present planning process, which lacks a whole-project view that can give managers a better decision ground. Two important departments, engineering and production, develop project plans that are based on their own specific approaches and with little collaboration between the departments. This paper presents the preliminary results of implementation of Lean Project Planning (LPP), a planning tool developed within shipbuilding industry, a typical ETO environment.

Kristina Kjersem, Gabriele H. Jünge
A Framework for Lean Flow in Turbulent High-Variety Low-Volume Manufacturing Environments

Value stream mapping (VSM) is a widely applied method for manufacturing systems design in repetitive and stable industries. A literature review of challenges and modified solutions for lean flow in high-variety low-volume (HV/LV) value streams is carried out. The solutions are categorized according to manufacturing turbulence level. The review shows that existing VSM solutions take their starting point in the original VSM principles and incorporate other relevant works only to a limited extent. Based upon the review, a coherent framework with revised VSM principles that that can be used to develop lean flow in HV/LV environments with medium and high turbulence levels is proposed.

Erlend Alfnes, Maria Kollberg Thomassen, Erik Gran
Prescriptive Cost Management for Lean Supply Chains:
Extending Inter-Organizational Cost Management Through Ratio Project Planning

Nowadays, companies belonging to global supply chains should rely on the co-operation from suppliers to achieve their business objectives and the required profit levels. Inter-organizational Cost Management (IOCM) means coordinated activities to control and reduce global supply chain costs, which are promoted by buyers, suppliers or both. Ratio Project Planning (RPP) is closely related to IOCM and to Kaizen Costing (KC) and it can be viewed as an extension and a complement of these practices which have a prescriptive nature being focused on “what should we do?” instead on “what has happened?” or “what could have happen?”. This research project was developed in Bosch Car Multimedia located at Braga, Portugal, a world-class manufacturer of electronic products, car radios and car navigation systems. This enterprise has many years of experience on reduction costs, particularly, using RPP.

Paulo Afonso, João Leite
Commercial Vehicle Production Flexibility Factors

In the competitive commercial vehicles market, new products are developed continuously in order to attend specific demands and surplus complexity is incorporated gradually to the manufacturing assembly plants. In this context, it is mandatory that the manufacturers enable a high flexibility production level to attend specific demands with low costs and agility. This paper aims to analyze factors that influence the flexibility of commercial vehicles production and to propose a prioritization model for industrial productivity enablement projects, in order to improve the production flexibility in a trucks and buses assembly plant. Managers and technical staff of a commercial vehicles production plant (88 professionals) were interviewed and data analyzed by Incomplete Pairwise Comparison (IPC), a multicriteria decision method. Results lead the company to implement lean office projects, which created the condition to reduce 30% in the firm horizon of order placement, reducing the time-to-market and leading customer to have a higher product value-added perception, levering company’s service level and competitiveness.

Luis de Oliveira Nascimento, Jorge Muniz Jr., Henrique Martins Rocha
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Advances in Production Management Systems. Initiatives for a Sustainable World
herausgegeben von
Irenilza Nääs
Oduvaldo Vendrametto
João Mendes Reis
Rodrigo Franco Gonçalves
Márcia Terra Silva
Gregor von Cieminski
Dimitris Kiritsis
Copyright-Jahr
2016
Electronic ISBN
978-3-319-51133-7
Print ISBN
978-3-319-51132-0
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51133-7