11. Aerobic Granular Technology: Current Perspective and Developments

Activated sludge operations and other comparable processes often encounter the problem of biomass washout, which was the impetus for the development of aerobic granulation. It is possible to transform frothy bio-solids into thick and compressed granules by using an innovative process, which opens up a whole new dimension in the treatment of wastewater. Several features distinguish aerobic granules from conservative biological flocks, including a distinct form and dense accumulation; better biomass retention; boosted microbial activities; and greater resistance to toxins as well as shock loading, among others. This research provides an update on aerobic granulation advances and their applications. Each of these topics, as well as the factors that affect granulation and granule response to wide-ranging environmental and operational settings, is covered in depth throughout the book. One of the most challenging issues to solve in aerobic granulation is the maintenance of adequate structural integrity in granules for practical uses of aerobic granulation. Recent improvements in granule solidity and storage for inoculum use and biomass supplement to improve the effectiveness of wastewater treatment are also addressed. The use of the technology in several fields is discussed in depth. Aerobic granulation is fraught with difficulties, which will provide a platform for future research.