Skip to main content

2019 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

8. Agricultural Urbanism—Family Farms Around Mandya

verfasst von : Seema Purushothaman, Sheetal Patil

Erschienen in: Agrarian Change and Urbanization in Southern India

Verlag: Springer Singapore

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Agrarian urbanism is intuitively comprised of economic and demographic dynamism around marketing as well as processing of agricultural products farmed in the vicinity. This caters to a stable yet dynamic intertwined rural–urban relationship. Agrarian urbanism here refers to a multi-activity, multi-product economy originating in the family farms of the region. Such towns of course will also be driven by the economic drivers of the twenty-first century, though their agrarian character continues to be discernible. Food grains, local fruits, plantation crops or farm animals could trigger slow and steady urbanism in the neighbourhood, depending on the scale of farming, transactions and turnover.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
1
India of My Dreams, Chap. 23—Back to the Village, pp. 92–95 (cf. Harijan, 27-2-1937).
 
2
Beteille in p. XV and p. 2 of Srinivas (1976).
 
3
Mandya reported suicides of 56 farmers between April and October 2015. The number was highest among all districts of the State in that period (https://​www.​thenewsminute.​com/​article/​map-shows-farmer-has-committed-suicide-every-district-karnataka-year-34917).
 
4
All population figures are taken from Census of India 2011.
 
5
Not just the rivers Shimsha, Cauvery, Hemavati, Lokapavani and Veervaishnavi, but also tanks like the ancient and enchanting Tonnnur kere.
 
6
See the transition to ryotwari explained in Kashyap and Purushothaman (forthcoming).
 
7
Details about how procurement of sugarcane by sugar mills in this area came to be divisive is discussed in Sect. 8.5.1.
 
8
Soole keres were common in other parts too—e.g. Channagiri, Maddur and Arsikere taluks.
 
9
Among the respondents, 37% in Pandavapura and 4% in Nagamangala use both canals and tube wells irrespective of the smallness of their holding.
 
10
Sugarcane varieties Co 7219, Co 0212 and Co 86032 were considered suitable for sugar production.
 
12
Bera (2018) Government set to announce ₹83 billion plan to bail out sugarcane farmers—https://​www.​livemint.​com/​Politics/​djWk1pzFbnoFMOpE​oH1Z5J/​Govt-set-to-announce-Rs8000-crore-plan-to-bail-out-sugarcan.​html—bail out for sugar mills projected as is to benefit farmers.
 
16
Cost of manure was ₹6000 and ₹1000 per unit area, while fertiliser cost came to ₹17,000 and ₹12,000 per unit area, respectively, for Pandavapura and Nagamangala.
 
17
The minimum agricultural wage rate in Karnataka was fixed at ₹303 for the three years between 2013 and 2016 (Karnataka Labour Journal 2016).
 
18
Recommendations of the State Committee for Agricultural Marketing Reforms including Comprehensive Electronic Auction System was adopted by Karnataka Agricultural Marketing Policy (KAMP) in 2013 (https://​darpg.​gov.​in/​sites/​default/​files/​68.​%20​Electronic%20​Tender%20​System%20​of%20​Sale%20​in%20​Agircultural%20​Produce%20​Market%20​Committees.​pdf). Upon the success of such system on a pilot basis for jaggery in Mandya market, it was introduced in 18 APMCs in 2008–09 and 24 APMCs in 2009–10.
 
20
In 2011, Mandya’s Gini coefficient, together for urban and rural areas calculated based on per capita expenses, was 0.26 compared to 0.30 for Bengaluru and 0.25 for the State as a whole.
 
21
Formal sources of non-farm income included salaried jobs. There were teachers, factory supervisors and government employees in Nagamangala. Other sources of income included small businesses and petty shops.
 
23
While Pandavapura had 306 cases of violence against women, Nagamangala reported 245 such cases between 2009 and 2012 (District Human Development Report 2014).
 
24
An old tree standing in the Silver Jubilee Park of Mandya town became the hub of such movements from Irwin Canal agitation onwards and continues to host protests and speeches around inter-State Cauvery dispute.
 
25
For instance, institutions like Janatha Vidya Samsthe, Siri Institute for Rural Development and Sanjeevini Trust in Mandya.
 
26
In June 2016, the federal government announced plans to set up 250 clusters of small agro-processing units for perishables at an estimated cost of over ₹50 billion (https://​economictimes.​indiatimes.​com/​news/​economy/​agriculture/​government-to-establish-250-agro-processing-clusters-all-over-india/​articleshow/​52553625.​cms).
 
27
In Karnataka there were 850 manufacturers of machinery and another 300 farm input manufacturing units compared to around 700 agricultural and food processing units registered in 2015 (Directorate of Economics and Statistics, 2017).
 
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Buchanan, F. (1807). Journey from Madras through Mysore, Canara and Malabar (Vol. 2, p. 66). Buchanan, F. (1807). Journey from Madras through Mysore, Canara and Malabar (Vol. 2, p. 66).
Zurück zum Zitat Epstein, S. T. (1962). Economic development and social change in South India. Manchester: Manchester United Press. Epstein, S. T. (1962). Economic development and social change in South India. Manchester: Manchester United Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Folke, S. (2001). Conflicts over canal water for irrigation in Mandya district, South India. Journal of Social and Economic Development, 3(1), 106–120. Folke, S. (2001). Conflicts over canal water for irrigation in Mandya district, South India. Journal of Social and Economic Development, 3(1), 106–120.
Zurück zum Zitat Govindu, V. M. (2017). 100 years of Champaran and a forgotten figure. Economic and Political Weekly, 52(14). Web Exclusive. Govindu, V. M. (2017). 100 years of Champaran and a forgotten figure. Economic and Political Weekly, 52(14). Web Exclusive.
Zurück zum Zitat Harriss-White, B. (Ed.). (2016). Middle India and Urban-Rural Development: Four Decades of Change. Springer Asia Series. Harriss-White, B. (Ed.). (2016). Middle India and Urban-Rural Development: Four Decades of Change. Springer Asia Series.
Zurück zum Zitat Hettne, B. (1978). The political economy of indirect rule: Mysore 1881–1947. London: Curzon Press. Hettne, B. (1978). The political economy of indirect rule: Mysore 1881–1947. London: Curzon Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Kashyap, S. & Purushothaman s. (forthcoming). A historical analysis of the agrarian political economy in the erstwhile Mysore region of South India. Kashyap, S. & Purushothaman s. (forthcoming). A historical analysis of the agrarian political economy in the erstwhile Mysore region of South India.
Zurück zum Zitat Manjunath, A. V., & Ramappa, K. B. (2017). Farmer suicide in Karnataka. Bangalore: Institute for Social and Economic Change. Manjunath, A. V., & Ramappa, K. B. (2017). Farmer suicide in Karnataka. Bangalore: Institute for Social and Economic Change.
Zurück zum Zitat Pani, N. (2017). First nature and the State: Non-emergence of regional capital in Mandya. Economic and Political Weekly, 52(46), 73–77. Pani, N. (2017). First nature and the State: Non-emergence of regional capital in Mandya. Economic and Political Weekly, 52(46), 73–77.
Zurück zum Zitat Purushothaman, S., & Patil, S. (2017). Regional economies and small farmers in Karnataka. Economic and Political Weekly, 52(46), 78–84. Purushothaman, S., & Patil, S. (2017). Regional economies and small farmers in Karnataka. Economic and Political Weekly, 52(46), 78–84.
Zurück zum Zitat Ramachandran, V. K., & Swaminathan, M. (2002). Agrarian studies. Manohar Publishers and Distributors. Ramachandran, V. K., & Swaminathan, M. (2002). Agrarian studies. Manohar Publishers and Distributors.
Zurück zum Zitat Rao, C. H. (1943). History of Mysore (1399–1799 AD) (Vol. 2, p. 83). Bangalore: The Government Press. Rao, C. H. (1943). History of Mysore (1399–1799 AD) (Vol. 2, p. 83). Bangalore: The Government Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Rice, B. L. (1897). Mysore—A gazetteer compiled for government. In Mysore by districts (Vol. 2, p. 286). Rice, B. L. (1897). Mysore—A gazetteer compiled for government. In Mysore by districts (Vol. 2, p. 286).
Zurück zum Zitat Rigg, J., Salamanca, A., Phongsiri, M., & Sripun, M. (2018). More farmers, less farming? Understanding the truncated agrarian transition in Thailand. World Development, 107, 327–337.CrossRef Rigg, J., Salamanca, A., Phongsiri, M., & Sripun, M. (2018). More farmers, less farming? Understanding the truncated agrarian transition in Thailand. World Development, 107, 327–337.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sheth, A. (2015). A map that a farmer has committed suicide in every district of Karnataka this year. The News Minute. Sheth, A. (2015). A map that a farmer has committed suicide in every district of Karnataka this year. The News Minute.
Zurück zum Zitat Silva, E. I. L., Manthrithilake, H., Pitigala, D., Silva, E. N. S. (2014). Environmental flow in Sri Lanka: ancient anicuts versus modern dams. Sri Lanka Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 19:3–14.CrossRef Silva, E. I. L., Manthrithilake, H., Pitigala, D., Silva, E. N. S. (2014). Environmental flow in Sri Lanka: ancient anicuts versus modern dams. Sri Lanka Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 19:3–14.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Singha, K. (2013). Hulling and milling ratio of major paddy growing States: All India consolidated report. Bangalore: Institute for Social and Economic Change. Singha, K. (2013). Hulling and milling ratio of major paddy growing States: All India consolidated report. Bangalore: Institute for Social and Economic Change.
Zurück zum Zitat Srinivas, M. N. (1957). Caste in modern India. The Journal of Asian Studies, 16(4), 529–548.CrossRef Srinivas, M. N. (1957). Caste in modern India. The Journal of Asian Studies, 16(4), 529–548.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Srinivas, M. N. (1976). The remembered village. University of California Press. Srinivas, M. N. (1976). The remembered village. University of California Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Swaminathan, M., & Baksi, S. (Eds.). (2017). How do small farmers fare? Evidence from village studies in India (p. 355). New Delhi: Tulika Books. Swaminathan, M., & Baksi, S. (Eds.). (2017). How do small farmers fare? Evidence from village studies in India (p. 355). New Delhi: Tulika Books.
Zurück zum Zitat Wilks, M. (1817). Historical sketches of the south of India in an attempt to trace history of Mysoor (p. 52). London: Longman. Wilks, M. (1817). Historical sketches of the south of India in an attempt to trace history of Mysoor (p. 52). London: Longman.
Metadaten
Titel
Agricultural Urbanism—Family Farms Around Mandya
verfasst von
Seema Purushothaman
Sheetal Patil
Copyright-Jahr
2019
Verlag
Springer Singapore
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8336-5_8