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2022 | Buch

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AI Ethics and Governance

Black Mirror and Order

verfasst von: Dr. Zhiyi Liu, Yejie Zheng

Verlag: Springer Nature Singapore

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

This book deeply analyzes the theoretical roots of the development of global artificial intelligence ethics and AI governance, the ethical issues in AI application scenarios, and the discussion of artificial intelligence governance issues from a global perspective. From the perspective of knowledge, the book includes not only the metaphysical research of traditional Western ethics, but also the interpretation of AI-related practical cases and international policies. The purpose of this book is not only to study AI ethics and governance issues academically, but to seek a path to solve problems in the real world. It is a very meaningful monograph in both academic theory and reality. This book responds to the implementation of China's digital economy governance and other topics. It is a cutting-edge academic monograph that combines industry, policy, and thought.

In this book, the author not only discusses the humanities thoughts such as ethics, political economy, philosophy, and sociology, but also involves computer science, biology, and medicine and other science and engineering disciplines, effectively using interdisciplinary thinking as readers clarify how to explore ethical consensus and establish smart social governance rules in the era of artificial intelligence, so as to provide the most comprehensive and unique scientific and technological insights for smart economy participants, related practitioners in the artificial intelligence industry, and government policy makers. For academia, this is a representative book of Chinese scholars' systematic thinking on AI ethical propositions from a global perspective. For the industry, this is a book that understands the policies and ethical propositions faced by the development of AI industry. An important reference book, for policy makers, this is a monograph for understanding how policies in the AI industry make decisions that conform to AI industry practices and people's moral order.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Chapter 1. New Problems in the Era of AI

Abstract

With the application of a range of technologies, such AI, big data, gene editing, augmented reality, blockchain, etc., the way we live has changed greatly. Science and technology have brought us a healthier and more comfortable life, liberating our hands to allow us to have more opportunities for cultural exploration and self value fulfillment. In particular, AI and other technologies have played a significant role in the global fight against the pandemic. It can be found that AI techniques such as medical image-aided diagnosis, UAV contactless service, detection and prevention of automation have gradually gained popularity in various scenarios. Meanwhile, China has made it clear that data have become a production factor in the era of a digital-driven economy. How to standardize and promote the use of data has become an essential topic for the development of AI.

Zhiyi Liu, Yejie Zheng

Chapter 2. Ethical Enlightenment in the Age of Intelligence

Abstract

If the Enlightenment Movement can be seen as the impetus for rational reflection and value reconstruction in specific fields, the trend of thought “tech for social good” driven by China’s science and technology companies in the past few years can be regarded as an obvious mark of China’s “ethical enlightenment” movement in the smart era.

Zhiyi Liu, Yejie Zheng

Chapter 3. Digintelligence Risk Society is Around the Corner

Abstract

Mankind has accelerated into the “digintelligence society”. Today, precision manufactured robots are busy working in Foxconn factories. Baidu Apollo driverless cars are carrying passengers on the streets of Beijing. The ubiquitous face recognition temperature measurement systems are working in office buildings. Some magazines like Nature are continuously reporting that AI outperforms doctors in the accuracy of disease diagnoses… These once incredible scenes are imperceptibly being implanted into all aspects of human life. According to the report of the Chinese Business News, Stanford University experts predict that 48% of American jobs may be replaced by AI in the future, while the percentage might be up to 70% in China.

Zhiyi Liu, Yejie Zheng

Chapter 4. AI Medical Treatment: Epidemic, Death and Love

Abstract

In 2020, COVID-19, a public health event that almost overturned the global landscape, threw human beings trapped by weak technical progress into unprecedented global crises at the start of the third ten years of the twenty-first century. Companies and factories were shut down, schools and airports were closed, global trade activities almost came to a halt, and various macroeconomic indicators repeatedly set new all-time lows. The epidemic has particularly impacted the basic epidemic prevention and emergency systems. A number of intractable and urgent challenges emerged, including a huge supply gap for protective materials in the early stage of the fight against the epidemic, the production capacity fluctuation of pharmaceutical and medical device enterprises, the blocked import and export of raw materials, etc.

Zhiyi Liu, Yejie Zheng

Chapter 5. “Secret” Left by Turing—Privacy Computing

Abstract

AI has been applied in an increasing number of fields and scenarios, such as automatic driving, medical treatment, media, finance, industrial robots, and Internet services. On the one hand, it has improved efficiency and cut costs; on the other hand, the autonomy of AI systems makes algorithm decision-making gradually replace human decision-making, which sometimes leaves the existing problems undone or even harder to be dealt with, and completely new problems may also emerge in society. All these old and new problems not only cause extensive discussion in society but also become important factors restricting the implementation of AI technology. In the face of AI technology with as great risks as its potential, people urgently need a broad and universal ethical discussion to find paths and comb the norms to guarantee the benign development of AI.

Zhiyi Liu, Yejie Zheng

Chapter 6. AI and Robot: Darwin and Rebellious Machine

Abstract

As emerging technologies such as AI promote the development of technology to the paradigm of ubiquity and intelligence, it is particularly important to keep an eye on the development trend of technologies and human beings. As we have discussed before, modern technology not only brings benefits but also risks and uncertainties to human society, which makes people begin to worry about the alienation of human society and the loss of human essence caused by technologies. Therefore, how to promote the evolution of technology in the direction of “supporting” rather than “hijacking” human civilization is an issue that needs to be taken seriously. As Martin Rees, a professor at Cambridge University, said, “more technologies are needed to deal with global threats, but they need to be guided by sociology and ethics”. Hence, this chapter mainly discusses some ethical issues related to the evolution and development of human society in AI, including AI consciousness, brain-computer interfaces, and automatic driving.

Zhiyi Liu, Yejie Zheng

Chapter 7. Virtual World Under AI: Augmented Reality and Deep Synthesis

Abstract

The relationship between people and digital information has been changing all the time. On the one hand, people can obtain an enormous amount of information from texts, images and videos in various ways. On the other hand, from keyboard, mouse, touch screen to voice, the interactive modes of information are getting closer to the five natural senses of the human being. The popularity of the virtual world will promote the evolution of the relationship once again. The presentation of information will move toward the integration of virtual and real information, and the interaction of information will step toward a totally new form driven by technologies such as image recognition and gesture recognition.

Zhiyi Liu, Yejie Zheng

Chapter 8. Start of the “Age of Exploration” of AI Governance

Abstract

Two hundred years have passed since Charles Babbage, a British computer pioneer, conceived and designed the first fully programmable computer in 1820. However, the core of the ethical challenges brought by the development of information technology remains unchanged; that is, the progress of ethics cannot catch the speedy growth of IT, which leads to a host of conflicts and problems in the ethics of science and technology.

Zhiyi Liu, Yejie Zheng

Chapter 9. AI Legislation in Computational Society

Abstract

In today’s society, the increasingly popular and diversified applications of artificial intelligence are significantly improving the efficiency of production and the quality of people’s lives. However, at the same time, it also leads to a huge ethical and legal problem: the boundary of personal data privacy rights is becoming increasingly blurred, and the violations of personal data privacy rights are getting worse.

Zhiyi Liu, Yejie Zheng

Chapter 10. New Rules and New Order in the Era of AI

Abstract

AI is exerting an increasing influence on human beings, with the economic field being most affected. After all, in the eyes of most people, they don’t care whether the singularity will come, what they care more about is whether they will compete with machines for jobs.

Zhiyi Liu, Yejie Zheng

Chapter 11. How Can “We” Realize Cogovernance in the Postepidemic Era

Abstract

In the last chapter of the book, let us discuss the proposition of social governance in the intelligent era. Social governance is one of the most important areas we can see influencing the development of the smart age. Since there is no corresponding top-level design mechanism in China, all localities have formulated intelligent construction plans for social governance based on their own characteristics in hopes of becoming a model that can be copied and popularized. Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Pilot Zone, a project I participated in, is one of the examples. We should not stop at the research of pure “legalization of social governance”. The “legalization of social governance may become empty talk if it is divorced from specific scenarios or social governance practices. In addition, we should also study the path of rule of law in specific social governance fields, such as intelligent social governance, and clarify the relevant scenes, which will help us understand the development path of social governance in China.

Zhiyi Liu, Yejie Zheng

Titel: AI Ethics and Governance
verfasst von: Dr. Zhiyi Liu
Yejie Zheng
Verlag: Springer Nature Singapore
Electronic ISBN: 978-981-19-2531-3
Print ISBN: 978-981-19-2530-6
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2531-3