6. Air Quality Monitoring and Measurement

Air quality monitoring is fundamental for assessing pollution levels and informing strategies to mitigate environmental and health impacts. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of air quality measurement techniques, covering ground-based monitoring systems and emerging remote sensing technologies. Ground-based stations equipped with gas analyzers, particulate matter monitors, and meteorological instruments form the backbone of traditional air quality networks. Recent advancements include satellite observations, Lidar systems, and the integration of machine learning for data analysis and predictive modeling. The chapter also highlights the role of public awareness in promoting environmental responsibility and examines how modern technologies like miniaturized sensors, drones, and AI are transforming air quality management by enabling real-time monitoring, improving data accuracy, and enhancing public engagement.