Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Journal of Materials Science 2/2015

01.01.2015 | Original Paper

An efficient photovoltaic device based on novel D–A–D solution-processable small molecules

verfasst von: Zaifang Li, Qingfeng Dong, Shiyu Yao, Jingyu Qian, Yanling Wang, Fangyuan Jiang, Han Yang, Qing Zhao, Qiufei Hou, Wei Meng, Jinhui Tong, Sixing Xiong, Wenjing Tian

Erschienen in: Journal of Materials Science | Ausgabe 2/2015

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

A series of novel small molecule PHPD, TPAPD, and CZPD were designed and synthesized for probing their potential applications in photovoltaic devices. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement reveals that PHPD displays amorphous property, while both TPAPD and CZPD exhibit crystalline properties. Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) absorption spectra demonstrate that these small molecules possess relatively broad absorption with absorption edges of 706 nm (PHPD), 671 nm (TPAPD), and 632 nm (CZPD), respectively. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) investigation indicates that the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels were well tuned (−4.97, −5.24, and −5.38 eV) with the introduction of different electron-donating moieties. The device based on CZPD without further optimization displays the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.00 % among three small molecules (1.21 % for TPAPD and 0.28 % for PHPD), which stands out as one of the highest values for photovoltaic devices based on 3-carbazole (CZ) derivatives. This result would uncover the potential applications of 3-carbazole-based donor materials for organic solar cells.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Krebs FC (2009) Fabrication and processing of polymer solar cells: a review of printing and coating techniques. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 93:394CrossRef Krebs FC (2009) Fabrication and processing of polymer solar cells: a review of printing and coating techniques. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 93:394CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Krebs FC, Tromholt T, Jørgensen M (2010) Upscaling of polymer solar cell fabrication using full roll-to-roll processing. Nanoscale 2:873CrossRef Krebs FC, Tromholt T, Jørgensen M (2010) Upscaling of polymer solar cell fabrication using full roll-to-roll processing. Nanoscale 2:873CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhou YH, Khan TM, Shim JW, Dindar A, Hernandez CF, Kippelen B (2014) All-plastic solar cells with a high photovoltaic dynamic range. J Mater Chem A 2:3492CrossRef Zhou YH, Khan TM, Shim JW, Dindar A, Hernandez CF, Kippelen B (2014) All-plastic solar cells with a high photovoltaic dynamic range. J Mater Chem A 2:3492CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Nielsen TD, Cruickshank C, Foged S, Thorsen J, Kreb FC (2010) Market and intellectual property analysis of polymer solar cells. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94:1553CrossRef Nielsen TD, Cruickshank C, Foged S, Thorsen J, Kreb FC (2010) Market and intellectual property analysis of polymer solar cells. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94:1553CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Helgesen M, Søndergaard R, Krebs FC (2010) Advanced materials and processes for polymer solar cell devices. J Mater Chem 20:36CrossRef Helgesen M, Søndergaard R, Krebs FC (2010) Advanced materials and processes for polymer solar cell devices. J Mater Chem 20:36CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Dennler G, Scharber MC, Ameri T, Denk P, Forberich K, Waldauf C, Brabec CJ (2008) Design rules for donors in bulk-heterojunction tandem solar cells-towards 15 % energy-conversion efficiency. Adv Mater 20:579CrossRef Dennler G, Scharber MC, Ameri T, Denk P, Forberich K, Waldauf C, Brabec CJ (2008) Design rules for donors in bulk-heterojunction tandem solar cells-towards 15 % energy-conversion efficiency. Adv Mater 20:579CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat You J, Dou L, Yoshimura K, Kato T, Ohya K, Moriarty T, Emery K, Chen CC, Gao J, Gao J, Gao J, Gao J, Gao J, Li G, Yang Y (2013) A polymer tandem solar cell with 10.6 % power conversion efficiency. Nat Commun 4:1446CrossRef You J, Dou L, Yoshimura K, Kato T, Ohya K, Moriarty T, Emery K, Chen CC, Gao J, Gao J, Gao J, Gao J, Gao J, Li G, Yang Y (2013) A polymer tandem solar cell with 10.6 % power conversion efficiency. Nat Commun 4:1446CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu YS, Chen CC, Hong ZR, Gao J, Yang Y, Zhou HP, Dou LT, Li G, Yang Y (2013) Solution-processed small-molecule solar cells: breaking the 10 % power conversion efficiency. Sci Rep 3:3356 Liu YS, Chen CC, Hong ZR, Gao J, Yang Y, Zhou HP, Dou LT, Li G, Yang Y (2013) Solution-processed small-molecule solar cells: breaking the 10 % power conversion efficiency. Sci Rep 3:3356
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhou YH, Hernandez CF, Shim J, Kippelen B (2012) A universal method to produce low-work function electrodes for organic electronics. Science 336:327CrossRef Zhou YH, Hernandez CF, Shim J, Kippelen B (2012) A universal method to produce low-work function electrodes for organic electronics. Science 336:327CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Duan CH, Zhang K, Zhong CM, Huang F, Cao Y (2013) Recent advances in water/alcohol-soluble p-conjugated materials: new materials and growing applications in solar cells. Chem Soc Rev 42:9071CrossRef Duan CH, Zhang K, Zhong CM, Huang F, Cao Y (2013) Recent advances in water/alcohol-soluble p-conjugated materials: new materials and growing applications in solar cells. Chem Soc Rev 42:9071CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Fan X, Cui CH, Fang GJ, Wang JZ, Li SZ, Cheng F, Long H, Li YF (2012) Efficient polymer solar cells based on poly(3-hexylthiophene):indene-C70 bisadduct with a MoO3 buffer layer. Adv Funct Mater 22:585CrossRef Fan X, Cui CH, Fang GJ, Wang JZ, Li SZ, Cheng F, Long H, Li YF (2012) Efficient polymer solar cells based on poly(3-hexylthiophene):indene-C70 bisadduct with a MoO3 buffer layer. Adv Funct Mater 22:585CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat He ZC, Zhong CM, Su SJ, Xu M, Wu HB, Cao Y (2012) Enhanced power-conversion efficiency in polymer solar cells using an inverted device structure. Nat Photon 6:591 He ZC, Zhong CM, Su SJ, Xu M, Wu HB, Cao Y (2012) Enhanced power-conversion efficiency in polymer solar cells using an inverted device structure. Nat Photon 6:591
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Li ZF, Dong QF, Xu B, Cheng WD, Yao SY, Zhang XY, Wen SP, Li H, Dong YJ, Tian WJ (2012) Novel solution processable small molecule containing new electron-withdrawing group and oligothiophene for photovoltaic applications. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 98:343CrossRef Li ZF, Dong QF, Xu B, Cheng WD, Yao SY, Zhang XY, Wen SP, Li H, Dong YJ, Tian WJ (2012) Novel solution processable small molecule containing new electron-withdrawing group and oligothiophene for photovoltaic applications. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 98:343CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Krebs FC, Nyberg RB, Jørgensen M (2005) Influence of residual catalyst on the properties of conjugated polyphenylenevinylene materials: palladium nanoparticles and poor electrical performance. Chem Mater 16:1313CrossRef Krebs FC, Nyberg RB, Jørgensen M (2005) Influence of residual catalyst on the properties of conjugated polyphenylenevinylene materials: palladium nanoparticles and poor electrical performance. Chem Mater 16:1313CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Nielsen KT, Bechgaard K, Krebs FC (2005) Removal of palladium nanoparticles from polymer materials. Macromolecules 38:658CrossRef Nielsen KT, Bechgaard K, Krebs FC (2005) Removal of palladium nanoparticles from polymer materials. Macromolecules 38:658CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Lin YZ, Ma LC, Li YF, Liu YQ, Zhu DB, Zhan XW (2014) Small-molecule solar cells with fill factors up to 0.75 via a layer-by-layer solution process. Adv Energy Mater 4:1300626 Lin YZ, Ma LC, Li YF, Liu YQ, Zhu DB, Zhan XW (2014) Small-molecule solar cells with fill factors up to 0.75 via a layer-by-layer solution process. Adv Energy Mater 4:1300626
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Li ZF, Dong QF, Li YW, Xu B, Tian WJ (2011) Design and synthesis of solution processible small molecules towards high photovoltaic performance. J Mater Chem 21:2159CrossRef Li ZF, Dong QF, Li YW, Xu B, Tian WJ (2011) Design and synthesis of solution processible small molecules towards high photovoltaic performance. J Mater Chem 21:2159CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Li ZF, Bian J, Wang YL, Jiang FY, Liang GJ, He P, Hou QF, Tong JH, Liang Y, Zhong ZC, Zhou YH, Tian WJ (2014) Effect of alkyl chain length on the photovoltaic performance of oligothiophene-based small molecules. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 130:336CrossRef Li ZF, Bian J, Wang YL, Jiang FY, Liang GJ, He P, Hou QF, Tong JH, Liang Y, Zhong ZC, Zhou YH, Tian WJ (2014) Effect of alkyl chain length on the photovoltaic performance of oligothiophene-based small molecules. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 130:336CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Shang HX, Fan HJ, Liu Y, Hu WP, Li YF, Zhan XW (2011) A solution- processable star-shaped molecule for high-performance organic solar cells. Adv Mater 23:1554CrossRef Shang HX, Fan HJ, Liu Y, Hu WP, Li YF, Zhan XW (2011) A solution- processable star-shaped molecule for high-performance organic solar cells. Adv Mater 23:1554CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhou YH, Pei JN, Dong QF, Sun XB, Liu YQ, Tian WJ (2009) Donor-acceptor molecule as the acceptor for polymer-based bulk heterojunction solar cells. J Phys Chem C 113:7882CrossRef Zhou YH, Pei JN, Dong QF, Sun XB, Liu YQ, Tian WJ (2009) Donor-acceptor molecule as the acceptor for polymer-based bulk heterojunction solar cells. J Phys Chem C 113:7882CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Li YW, Guo Q, Li ZF, Pei JN, Tian WJ (2010) Solution processable D-A small molecules for bulk-heterojunction solar cells. Energy Environ Sci 3:1427CrossRef Li YW, Guo Q, Li ZF, Pei JN, Tian WJ (2010) Solution processable D-A small molecules for bulk-heterojunction solar cells. Energy Environ Sci 3:1427CrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Sun Y, Welch GC, Leong WL, Takacs CJ, Bazan GC, Heeger AJ (2012) Solution-processed small-molecule solar cells with 6.7 % efficiency. Nat Mater 11:44CrossRef Sun Y, Welch GC, Leong WL, Takacs CJ, Bazan GC, Heeger AJ (2012) Solution-processed small-molecule solar cells with 6.7 % efficiency. Nat Mater 11:44CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhou JY, Wan XJ, Liu YS, Zuo Y, Li Z, He GR, Long GK, Ni W, Li CX, Su XC, Chen YS (2012) Small molecules based on benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′] dithiophene unit for high-performance solution-processed organic solar cells. J Am Chem Soc 134:16345CrossRef Zhou JY, Wan XJ, Liu YS, Zuo Y, Li Z, He GR, Long GK, Ni W, Li CX, Su XC, Chen YS (2012) Small molecules based on benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′] dithiophene unit for high-performance solution-processed organic solar cells. J Am Chem Soc 134:16345CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Guan X, Zhang K, Huang F, Bazan GC, Cao Y (2012) Conjugated polymers and their amino-functionalized precursors: new cathode interlayers for high-performance optoelectronic devices. Adv Funct Mater 22:2846CrossRef Guan X, Zhang K, Huang F, Bazan GC, Cao Y (2012) Conjugated polymers and their amino-functionalized precursors: new cathode interlayers for high-performance optoelectronic devices. Adv Funct Mater 22:2846CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Li PC, Tong H, Ding JQ, Xie ZY, Wang LX (2013) Small molecules based on 2,7-carbazole for efficient solution-processed organic solar cells. J Mater Chem A 1:8805CrossRef Li PC, Tong H, Ding JQ, Xie ZY, Wang LX (2013) Small molecules based on 2,7-carbazole for efficient solution-processed organic solar cells. J Mater Chem A 1:8805CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Li PC, Tong H, Liu J, Ding JQ, Xie ZY, Wang LX (2013) An A′-A-D-A-A′ type small molecule based on 2,7-carbazole for solution-processed organic solar cells with high open-circuit voltage. RSC Adv 3:23098CrossRef Li PC, Tong H, Liu J, Ding JQ, Xie ZY, Wang LX (2013) An A′-A-D-A-A′ type small molecule based on 2,7-carbazole for solution-processed organic solar cells with high open-circuit voltage. RSC Adv 3:23098CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Chu TY, Alem S, Tsang SW, Tse SC, Wakim S, Lu JP, Dennler G, Waller D, Gaudian R, Tao Y (2011) Morphology control in polycarbazole based bulk heterojunction solar cells and its impact on device performance. Appl Phys Lett 98:253301CrossRef Chu TY, Alem S, Tsang SW, Tse SC, Wakim S, Lu JP, Dennler G, Waller D, Gaudian R, Tao Y (2011) Morphology control in polycarbazole based bulk heterojunction solar cells and its impact on device performance. Appl Phys Lett 98:253301CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Sun Y, Takacs CJ, Cowan SR, Seo JH, Gong X, Roy A, Heeger AJ (2011) Efficient, air-stable bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells using MoOx as the anode interfacial layer. Adv Mater 23:2226CrossRef Sun Y, Takacs CJ, Cowan SR, Seo JH, Gong X, Roy A, Heeger AJ (2011) Efficient, air-stable bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells using MoOx as the anode interfacial layer. Adv Mater 23:2226CrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Xie HM, Zhang K, Duan CH, Liu SJ, Huang F, Cao Y (2012) New acceptor-pended conjugated polymers based on 3,6- and 2,7-carbazole for polymer solar cells. Polymer 53:5675CrossRef Xie HM, Zhang K, Duan CH, Liu SJ, Huang F, Cao Y (2012) New acceptor-pended conjugated polymers based on 3,6- and 2,7-carbazole for polymer solar cells. Polymer 53:5675CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Witker D, Reynolds JR (2005) Soluble variable color carbazole-containing electrochromic polymers. Macromolecules 38:7636CrossRef Witker D, Reynolds JR (2005) Soluble variable color carbazole-containing electrochromic polymers. Macromolecules 38:7636CrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang LH, Zeng S, Yin LX, Ji CY, Li KC, Li YQ, Wang Y (2013) The synthesis and photovoltaic properties of A-D-A-type small molecules containing terminal units. New J Chem 37:632CrossRef Zhang LH, Zeng S, Yin LX, Ji CY, Li KC, Li YQ, Wang Y (2013) The synthesis and photovoltaic properties of A-D-A-type small molecules containing terminal units. New J Chem 37:632CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Sharma GD, Mikroyannidis JA, Sharma SS, Thomas KRJ (2012) Bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic devices based on small molecules featuring pyrrole and carbazole and 2-(4-nitrophenyl)acrylonitrile acceptor segments as donor and fullerene derivatives as acceptor. Dyes Pigm 94:320CrossRef Sharma GD, Mikroyannidis JA, Sharma SS, Thomas KRJ (2012) Bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic devices based on small molecules featuring pyrrole and carbazole and 2-(4-nitrophenyl)acrylonitrile acceptor segments as donor and fullerene derivatives as acceptor. Dyes Pigm 94:320CrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Shirota Y, Kageyama H (2007) Charge carrier transporting molecular materials and their applications in devices. Chem Rev 107:953CrossRef Shirota Y, Kageyama H (2007) Charge carrier transporting molecular materials and their applications in devices. Chem Rev 107:953CrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Roquet S, Cravino A, Leriche P, Alévêque O, Frère P, Roncali J (2010) Triphenylamine–thienylenevinylene hybrid systems with internal charge transfer as donor materials for heterojunction solar cells. J Am Chem Soc 128:3459CrossRef Roquet S, Cravino A, Leriche P, Alévêque O, Frère P, Roncali J (2010) Triphenylamine–thienylenevinylene hybrid systems with internal charge transfer as donor materials for heterojunction solar cells. J Am Chem Soc 128:3459CrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Kramer CS, Zeitler K, Muller TJJ (2000) Synthesis of functionalized ethynylphenothiazine fluorophores. Org Lett 2:3723CrossRef Kramer CS, Zeitler K, Muller TJJ (2000) Synthesis of functionalized ethynylphenothiazine fluorophores. Org Lett 2:3723CrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Bhongale CJ, Chang CW, Lee CS, Diau WG, Hsu CS (2005) Relaxation dynamics and structural characterization of organic nanoparticles with enhanced emission. J Phys Chem B 109:13472CrossRef Bhongale CJ, Chang CW, Lee CS, Diau WG, Hsu CS (2005) Relaxation dynamics and structural characterization of organic nanoparticles with enhanced emission. J Phys Chem B 109:13472CrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Li KP, Qu JL, Xu B, Zhou YH, Liu LJ, Peng P, Tian WJ (2009) Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of novel solution-processable triphenylamine-based dendrimers with sulfonyldibenzene cores. New J Chem 33:2120CrossRef Li KP, Qu JL, Xu B, Zhou YH, Liu LJ, Peng P, Tian WJ (2009) Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of novel solution-processable triphenylamine-based dendrimers with sulfonyldibenzene cores. New J Chem 33:2120CrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat He JT. (2009) PhD thesis, Jilin university, 23 He JT. (2009) PhD thesis, Jilin university, 23
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Thompson BC, Kim YG, Reynolds JR (2005) Spectral broadening in MEH- PPV:PCBM-based photovoltaic devices via blending with a narrow band gap cyanovinylene-dioxythiophene polymer. Macromolecules 38:5359CrossRef Thompson BC, Kim YG, Reynolds JR (2005) Spectral broadening in MEH- PPV:PCBM-based photovoltaic devices via blending with a narrow band gap cyanovinylene-dioxythiophene polymer. Macromolecules 38:5359CrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Li ZF, Dong QF, Xu B, Li H, Wen SP, Pei JN, Yao SY, Lu HG, Li PF, Tian WJ (2012) New amorphous small molecules-synthesis, characterization and their application in bulk heterojunction solar cells. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 95:2272CrossRef Li ZF, Dong QF, Xu B, Li H, Wen SP, Pei JN, Yao SY, Lu HG, Li PF, Tian WJ (2012) New amorphous small molecules-synthesis, characterization and their application in bulk heterojunction solar cells. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 95:2272CrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Leeuw DMD, Simenon MMJ, Brown AR, Einerhand REF (1997) Stability of n-type doped conducting polymers and consequences for polymeric microelectronic devices. Synth Met 87:53CrossRef Leeuw DMD, Simenon MMJ, Brown AR, Einerhand REF (1997) Stability of n-type doped conducting polymers and consequences for polymeric microelectronic devices. Synth Met 87:53CrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Shaheen SE, Brabec CJ, Sariciftci NS (2001) 2.5 % efficient organic plastic solar cells. Appl Phys Lett 78:841CrossRef Shaheen SE, Brabec CJ, Sariciftci NS (2001) 2.5 % efficient organic plastic solar cells. Appl Phys Lett 78:841CrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Wu G, Zhao G, He C, Zhang J, He Q, Chen X, Li Y (2009) Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of a star-shaped molecule with triphenylamine as core and benzo[1, 2, 5]thiadiazol vinylene as arms. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 93:108CrossRef Wu G, Zhao G, He C, Zhang J, He Q, Chen X, Li Y (2009) Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of a star-shaped molecule with triphenylamine as core and benzo[1, 2, 5]thiadiazol vinylene as arms. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 93:108CrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Xue LL, He JT, Gu X, Yang ZF, Xu B, Tian WJ (2009) Efficient bulk-heterojunction solar cells based on a symmetrical D-π-A-π-D organic dye molecule. J Phys Chem C 113:12911CrossRef Xue LL, He JT, Gu X, Yang ZF, Xu B, Tian WJ (2009) Efficient bulk-heterojunction solar cells based on a symmetrical D-π-A-π-D organic dye molecule. J Phys Chem C 113:12911CrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Li ZF, Pei JN, Li YW, Xu B, Deng M, Liu ZY, Li H, Lu HG, Li Q, Tian WJ (2010) Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of solution processable small molecules containing 2-pyran-4-ylidenemalononitrile and oligothiophene moieties. J Phys Chem C 114:18270CrossRef Li ZF, Pei JN, Li YW, Xu B, Deng M, Liu ZY, Li H, Lu HG, Li Q, Tian WJ (2010) Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of solution processable small molecules containing 2-pyran-4-ylidenemalononitrile and oligothiophene moieties. J Phys Chem C 114:18270CrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Blom PWM, Jong MJM, Munster MGV (1997) Electric-field and temperature dependence of the hole mobility in poly(p-phenylene vinylene). Phys Rev B 55:656CrossRef Blom PWM, Jong MJM, Munster MGV (1997) Electric-field and temperature dependence of the hole mobility in poly(p-phenylene vinylene). Phys Rev B 55:656CrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Duren JKV, Yang XN, Loos J, Bulle-Lieuwma CWT, Sieval AB, Hummelen JC, Janssen RAJ (2004) Relating the morphology of a poly(p-phenylene vinylene)/methanofullerene blend to bulk heterojunction solar cell performance. Adv Funct Mater 14:425CrossRef Duren JKV, Yang XN, Loos J, Bulle-Lieuwma CWT, Sieval AB, Hummelen JC, Janssen RAJ (2004) Relating the morphology of a poly(p-phenylene vinylene)/methanofullerene blend to bulk heterojunction solar cell performance. Adv Funct Mater 14:425CrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang Y, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Zhao GG, He C, Li YF, Andersson M, Inganās O, Zhang FL (2010) Solution-processable organic molecule with triphenylamine core and two benzothiadiazole-thiophene arms for photovoltaic application. J Phys Chem C 114:3701CrossRef Yang Y, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Zhao GG, He C, Li YF, Andersson M, Inganās O, Zhang FL (2010) Solution-processable organic molecule with triphenylamine core and two benzothiadiazole-thiophene arms for photovoltaic application. J Phys Chem C 114:3701CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
An efficient photovoltaic device based on novel D–A–D solution-processable small molecules
verfasst von
Zaifang Li
Qingfeng Dong
Shiyu Yao
Jingyu Qian
Yanling Wang
Fangyuan Jiang
Han Yang
Qing Zhao
Qiufei Hou
Wei Meng
Jinhui Tong
Sixing Xiong
Wenjing Tian
Publikationsdatum
01.01.2015
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Journal of Materials Science / Ausgabe 2/2015
Print ISSN: 0022-2461
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-4803
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-014-8653-x

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2015

Journal of Materials Science 2/2015 Zur Ausgabe

    Marktübersichten

    Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen.