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2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

3. An Evaluation of the 2014 Subsidy Reforms in Morocco and a Simulation of Further Reforms

verfasst von : Paolo Verme, Khalid El-Massnaoui

Erschienen in: The Quest for Subsidy Reforms in the Middle East and North Africa Region

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Under increasing budget pressure, Morocco carried out an extensive set of subsidy reforms in 2014 and is planning for further reforms for 2015–2017, which will eliminate most consumers’ subsidies. This paper evaluates (ex post) the 2014 reforms and simulates (ex ante) the impact on household welfare, poverty, and the government budget of the total elimination of subsidies. The paper considers food and energy subsidies and estimates direct and indirect effects using SUBSIM, a subsidies simulation model designed by the World Bank. It finds that the 2014 reforms have been a good mix of reforms from a distributional, welfare, poverty, and government budget perspectives. They are perhaps the most rational reforms undertaken in the Middle East and North Africa region in recent years. The analysis also finds further reforms costly for the poor and more complex from a political economy perspective, especially for liquefied petroleum gas.  

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Fußnoten
1
Before 1941 there were six equalization funds to stabilize prices of sugar, steel, fuels, eggs, timber, and vegetables.
 
2
Morocco was a protectorate of France until 1956.
 
3
The main basic commodities targeted by the CDC during World War II include flour, bread, edible oil, charcoal, sugar, barley, corn, and milk.
 
4
In the rest of the text, CDC will also be used to include the Office National Interprofessionnel des Cereales et des Legumineuses (ONICL). Created in 1973, the agency administers subsidies for soft wheat and flour.
 
5
Note that the retail price for gasoline and diesel in 2013 were higher than the CIF border price. The difference is mostly explained by taxes. Therefore, subsidies are estimated net of taxes, which is a common practice. See, for example, IMF 2013.
 
6
The elimination of subsidies on gasoline is based on the unit subsidies estimated by the government at the time of the January 2014 reform. It should be noted that the retail price for gasoline was higher than the import price (see Table 3.1) and that the difference is explained mostly by taxes on gasoline. Therefore, subsidies are estimated net of taxes, which is a common practice (IMF 2013). Also, the share of taxes in Morocco is lower than in countries like Italy or Germany where this share is well above 50% (OPEC 2014).
 
7
Increasing block tariffs (IBT) apply when the tariff corresponding to a particular block affects only the latest block of consumption, while tariffs for the previous blocks of consumption apply to the previous blocks. Volume differentiated tariffs (VDT) apply when the tariffs corresponding to a particular block are applied to all quantities consumed up to that block.
 
8
Note that the share of consumption in each block could also be used for weighting.
 
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat IMF (International Monetary Fund). 2013. Energy subsidies reforms: lessons and implications. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund. IMF (International Monetary Fund). 2013. Energy subsidies reforms: lessons and implications. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund.
Zurück zum Zitat Ministry of Economy and Finance. 2009–14. Notes de Conjonctures, 2009–2014, Direction du Trésor et des Finances Exterieures. Morocco. Ministry of Economy and Finance. 2009–14. Notes de Conjonctures, 2009–2014, Direction du Trésor et des Finances Exterieures. Morocco.
Zurück zum Zitat OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries). 2014. Who gets what from imported oil? www.opec.org, September. OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries). 2014. Who gets what from imported oil? www.​opec.​org, September.
Metadaten
Titel
An Evaluation of the 2014 Subsidy Reforms in Morocco and a Simulation of Further Reforms
verfasst von
Paolo Verme
Khalid El-Massnaoui
Copyright-Jahr
2017
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52926-4_3