Skip to main content

2014 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

8. An Overview of Environmental Remediation Using Photocatalyst

verfasst von : Dimple P. Dutta

Erschienen in: Environment and Sustainable Development

Verlag: Springer India

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

In recent years a lot of emphasis has been placed on the role of photocatalytic oxidation in environmental remediation. In the presence of appropriate photocatalysts, harmful organic and inorganic compounds can be degraded and mineralized. The introduction of nanoparticulate photocatalysts has tremendously enhanced the catalytic efficiency of specific materials. In this chapter, the different synthetic techniques for generation of nanoparticulate photocatalysts have been discussed. An attempt has been made to explain the mechanism of photocatalysis. The different photocatalyst materials available and their suitability for various environmental remediation purposes have also been highlighted.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Aarthi T, Madras G (2008) Photocatalytic reduction of metals in presence of combustion synthesized nano-TiO2. Catal Commun 9:630–634CrossRef Aarthi T, Madras G (2008) Photocatalytic reduction of metals in presence of combustion synthesized nano-TiO2. Catal Commun 9:630–634CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Adschiri T, Hakuta Y, Sue K, Arai K (2000a) Hydrothermal synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles at supercritical conditions. Ind Eng Chem Res 39:4901–4907CrossRef Adschiri T, Hakuta Y, Sue K, Arai K (2000a) Hydrothermal synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles at supercritical conditions. Ind Eng Chem Res 39:4901–4907CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Adschiri T, Hakuta Y, Sue K, Arai K (2000b) Hydrothermal synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles at supercritical conditions. J Nano Res 3:227–235CrossRef Adschiri T, Hakuta Y, Sue K, Arai K (2000b) Hydrothermal synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles at supercritical conditions. J Nano Res 3:227–235CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat An T, Yang H, Li G, Song W, Cooper WJ, Nie X (2010) Oxidation degradation of ciprofloxacin in water. Appl Catal B Environ 94:288–294CrossRef An T, Yang H, Li G, Song W, Cooper WJ, Nie X (2010) Oxidation degradation of ciprofloxacin in water. Appl Catal B Environ 94:288–294CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Aruna ST, Patil KC (1996) Synthesis and properties of nanosize titania. J Mater Synth Process 4:175–179 Aruna ST, Patil KC (1996) Synthesis and properties of nanosize titania. J Mater Synth Process 4:175–179
Zurück zum Zitat Aungpradit T, Sutthivaiyakit P, Martens D, Sutthivaiyakit S, Kettrup AAF (2007) Photocatalytic degradation of triazophos in aqueous titanium dioxide suspension: identification of intermediates and degradation pathways. J Hazard Mater 146:204–213CrossRef Aungpradit T, Sutthivaiyakit P, Martens D, Sutthivaiyakit S, Kettrup AAF (2007) Photocatalytic degradation of triazophos in aqueous titanium dioxide suspension: identification of intermediates and degradation pathways. J Hazard Mater 146:204–213CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ayllon JA, Figueras A, Garelik S, Spirkova L, Durand J, Cot L (1999) Preparation of TiO2 powder using titanium tetraisopropoxide decomposition in a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) reactor. J Mater Sci Lett 18:1319–1321CrossRef Ayllon JA, Figueras A, Garelik S, Spirkova L, Durand J, Cot L (1999) Preparation of TiO2 powder using titanium tetraisopropoxide decomposition in a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) reactor. J Mater Sci Lett 18:1319–1321CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bawendi MG, Carroll PJ, Wilson WL (1992) Luminescence properties of cadmium selenide quantum crystallites: resonance between interior and surface localized states. J Chem Phys 96:946–954CrossRef Bawendi MG, Carroll PJ, Wilson WL (1992) Luminescence properties of cadmium selenide quantum crystallites: resonance between interior and surface localized states. J Chem Phys 96:946–954CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bedja I, Kamat PV (1995) Capped semiconductor colloids: synthesis, characterisation and photoelectrochemical behavior of TiO2 capped SnO2 nanocrystallites. J Phys Chem 99:9182–9188CrossRef Bedja I, Kamat PV (1995) Capped semiconductor colloids: synthesis, characterisation and photoelectrochemical behavior of TiO2 capped SnO2 nanocrystallites. J Phys Chem 99:9182–9188CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bessekhouad Y, Robert D, Weber JV (2003) Synthesis of photocatalytic TiO2 nanoparticles: optimization of the preparation conditions. J Photochem Photobiol A 157:47–53CrossRef Bessekhouad Y, Robert D, Weber JV (2003) Synthesis of photocatalytic TiO2 nanoparticles: optimization of the preparation conditions. J Photochem Photobiol A 157:47–53CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Beydoun D, Amal R, Low G, McEvoy S (1999) Role of nanoparticles in photocatalysis. J Nano Res 1:439–458CrossRef Beydoun D, Amal R, Low G, McEvoy S (1999) Role of nanoparticles in photocatalysis. J Nano Res 1:439–458CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Blesic MD, Saponjic ZV, Nedeljkovic JM, Uskokovic DP (2002) TiO2 films prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis of nanosize precursor. Mater Lett 54:298–301CrossRef Blesic MD, Saponjic ZV, Nedeljkovic JM, Uskokovic DP (2002) TiO2 films prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis of nanosize precursor. Mater Lett 54:298–301CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Brahimi R, Bessekhouad Y, Bouguelia A, Trari M (2008) Improvement of eosin visible light degradation using PbS-sensitized TiO2. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 194:173–180CrossRef Brahimi R, Bessekhouad Y, Bouguelia A, Trari M (2008) Improvement of eosin visible light degradation using PbS-sensitized TiO2. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 194:173–180CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Brus L (1991) Quantum crystallites and nonlinear optics. Appl Phys A 53:465CrossRef Brus L (1991) Quantum crystallites and nonlinear optics. Appl Phys A 53:465CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Buonsanti R, Grillo V, Carlino E, Giannini C, Curri ML, Innocenti C, Sangregorio C, Achterhold K, Parak FG, Agostiano A, Cozzoli PD (2006) Seeded growth of asymmetric binary nanocrystals made of a semiconductor TiO2 rodlike section and a magnetic gamma-Fe2O3 spherical domain. J Am Chem Soc 128:16953–16970CrossRef Buonsanti R, Grillo V, Carlino E, Giannini C, Curri ML, Innocenti C, Sangregorio C, Achterhold K, Parak FG, Agostiano A, Cozzoli PD (2006) Seeded growth of asymmetric binary nanocrystals made of a semiconductor TiO2 rodlike section and a magnetic gamma-Fe2O3 spherical domain. J Am Chem Soc 128:16953–16970CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Burda C, Chen X, Narayanan R, El-Sayed MA (2005) Chemistry and properties of nanocrystals of different shapes. Chem Rev 105:1025–1102CrossRef Burda C, Chen X, Narayanan R, El-Sayed MA (2005) Chemistry and properties of nanocrystals of different shapes. Chem Rev 105:1025–1102CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Carp O, Huisman CL, Reller A (2004) Photoinduced reactivity of titanium dioxide. Prog Solid State Chem 32:33–177CrossRef Carp O, Huisman CL, Reller A (2004) Photoinduced reactivity of titanium dioxide. Prog Solid State Chem 32:33–177CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cavalheiro AA, Bruno JC, Saeki MJ, Valente JPS, Florentino AO (2008) Effect of scandium on the structural and photocatalytic properties of titanium dioxide thin films. J Mater Sci 43:602–608CrossRef Cavalheiro AA, Bruno JC, Saeki MJ, Valente JPS, Florentino AO (2008) Effect of scandium on the structural and photocatalytic properties of titanium dioxide thin films. J Mater Sci 43:602–608CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chae SY, Park MK, Lee SK, Kim TY, Kim SK, Lee WI (2003) Preparation of size-controlled TiO2 nanoparticles and derivation of optically transparent photocatalytic films. Chem Mater 15:3326–3331CrossRef Chae SY, Park MK, Lee SK, Kim TY, Kim SK, Lee WI (2003) Preparation of size-controlled TiO2 nanoparticles and derivation of optically transparent photocatalytic films. Chem Mater 15:3326–3331CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chatzitakis A, Berberidou C, Paspaltsis I, Kyriakou G, Sklaviadis T, Poulios I (2008) Photocatalytic degradation and drug activity reduction of chloramphenicol. Water Res 42:386–394CrossRef Chatzitakis A, Berberidou C, Paspaltsis I, Kyriakou G, Sklaviadis T, Poulios I (2008) Photocatalytic degradation and drug activity reduction of chloramphenicol. Water Res 42:386–394CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chemseddine A, Moritz T (1999) Nanostructuring titania: control over nanocrystal structure, size, shape, and organization. Eur J Inorg Chem 235–245 Chemseddine A, Moritz T (1999) Nanostructuring titania: control over nanocrystal structure, size, shape, and organization. Eur J Inorg Chem 235–245
Zurück zum Zitat Choi W, Termin A, Hoffmann MR (1994) The role of metal ion dopants in quantum-sized TiO2: correlation between photoreactivity and charge carrier recombination dynamics. J Phys Chem 98:13669–13679CrossRef Choi W, Termin A, Hoffmann MR (1994) The role of metal ion dopants in quantum-sized TiO2: correlation between photoreactivity and charge carrier recombination dynamics. J Phys Chem 98:13669–13679CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cot F, Larbot A, Nabias G, Cot L (1998) Preparation and characterization of colloidal solution derived crystallized titania powder. J Eur Ceram Soc 18:2175–2181CrossRef Cot F, Larbot A, Nabias G, Cot L (1998) Preparation and characterization of colloidal solution derived crystallized titania powder. J Eur Ceram Soc 18:2175–2181CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cozzoli PD, Kornowski A, Weller H (2003) Low temperature synthesis of soluble and processable organic capped anatase TiO2 nanorods. J Am Chem Soc 125:14539–14548CrossRef Cozzoli PD, Kornowski A, Weller H (2003) Low temperature synthesis of soluble and processable organic capped anatase TiO2 nanorods. J Am Chem Soc 125:14539–14548CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cozzoli PD, Comparelli R, Fanizza E, Curri ML, Agostiano A, Laub D (2004a) Photocatalytic synthesis of Ag nanoparticles stabilized by TiO2 nanorods: a semiconductor/metal nanocomposite in homogeneous nonpolar solution. J Am Chem Soc 126:3868–3879CrossRef Cozzoli PD, Comparelli R, Fanizza E, Curri ML, Agostiano A, Laub D (2004a) Photocatalytic synthesis of Ag nanoparticles stabilized by TiO2 nanorods: a semiconductor/metal nanocomposite in homogeneous nonpolar solution. J Am Chem Soc 126:3868–3879CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cozzoli PD, Fanizza E, Comparelli R, Curri MD, Agostiano A (2004b) Role of metal nanoparticles in TiO2/Ag nanocomposite-based microheterogeneous photocatalysis. J Phys Chem B 108:9623–9630CrossRef Cozzoli PD, Fanizza E, Comparelli R, Curri MD, Agostiano A (2004b) Role of metal nanoparticles in TiO2/Ag nanocomposite-based microheterogeneous photocatalysis. J Phys Chem B 108:9623–9630CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cozzoli PD, Curri MD, Agostiano A (2005a) Efficient charge storage in photoexcited TiO2 nanorod-noble metal nanoparticle composite systems. Chem Commun 3186–3188 Cozzoli PD, Curri MD, Agostiano A (2005a) Efficient charge storage in photoexcited TiO2 nanorod-noble metal nanoparticle composite systems. Chem Commun 3186–3188
Zurück zum Zitat Cozzoli PD, Fanizza E, Curri ML, Laub D, Agostiano A (2005b) Low dimensional chain like assemblies of TiO2 nanorod stabilized Au nanoparticles. Chem Commun 942–944 Cozzoli PD, Fanizza E, Curri ML, Laub D, Agostiano A (2005b) Low dimensional chain like assemblies of TiO2 nanorod stabilized Au nanoparticles. Chem Commun 942–944
Zurück zum Zitat Diebold U (2003) The surface science of TiO2. Surf Sci Rep 48:53–229CrossRef Diebold U (2003) The surface science of TiO2. Surf Sci Rep 48:53–229CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Dvoranova D, Brezova V, Mazur M, Malati MA (2002) Investigations of metal-doped titanium dioxide photocatalysts. Appl Catal B Environ 37:91–105CrossRef Dvoranova D, Brezova V, Mazur M, Malati MA (2002) Investigations of metal-doped titanium dioxide photocatalysts. Appl Catal B Environ 37:91–105CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Dzis’ko VA, Karnaukhov AP, Tarasova DV (1978) Fiziko-khimicheskie Osnovy Sinteza Okisnykh Katalizatorov (Physicochemistry foundations of the synthesis of oxide catalysts) 46 Dzis’ko VA, Karnaukhov AP, Tarasova DV (1978) Fiziko-khimicheskie Osnovy Sinteza Okisnykh Katalizatorov (Physicochemistry foundations of the synthesis of oxide catalysts) 46
Zurück zum Zitat Frank SN, Bard AJ (1977) Heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation of cyanide and sulfite in aqueous solutions at semiconductor powders. J Phys Chem 81:1484–1488CrossRef Frank SN, Bard AJ (1977) Heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation of cyanide and sulfite in aqueous solutions at semiconductor powders. J Phys Chem 81:1484–1488CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fujishima A, Honda K (1972) Electrochemical photolysis of water at a semiconductor electrode. Nature 238:37–38CrossRef Fujishima A, Honda K (1972) Electrochemical photolysis of water at a semiconductor electrode. Nature 238:37–38CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Furube A, Asahi T, Masuhara H, Yamashita H, Anpo M (2001) Direct observation of a picoseconds charge separation process in photoexcited platinum loaded TiO2 particles by femtosecond diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 336:424–430CrossRef Furube A, Asahi T, Masuhara H, Yamashita H, Anpo M (2001) Direct observation of a picoseconds charge separation process in photoexcited platinum loaded TiO2 particles by femtosecond diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 336:424–430CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Georgekutty R, Seery MK, Pillai SC (2008) A highly efficient Ag-ZnO photocatalyst: synthesis, properties, and mechanism. J Phys Chem C 112:13563–13570CrossRef Georgekutty R, Seery MK, Pillai SC (2008) A highly efficient Ag-ZnO photocatalyst: synthesis, properties, and mechanism. J Phys Chem C 112:13563–13570CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gressel-Michel E, Chaumont D, Stuerga D (2005) From a microwave flash-synthesized TiO2 colloidal suspension to TiO2 thin films. J Colloid Interface Sci 285:674–678CrossRef Gressel-Michel E, Chaumont D, Stuerga D (2005) From a microwave flash-synthesized TiO2 colloidal suspension to TiO2 thin films. J Colloid Interface Sci 285:674–678CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Guo W, Lin Z, Wang X, Song G (2003) Sonochemical synthesis of nanocrystalline. TiO2 by hydrolysis of titanium alkoxides. Microelectron Eng 66:95–101CrossRef Guo W, Lin Z, Wang X, Song G (2003) Sonochemical synthesis of nanocrystalline. TiO2 by hydrolysis of titanium alkoxides. Microelectron Eng 66:95–101CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hayashi H, Torii K (2002) Hydrothermal synthesis of titanoa photocatalyst under subcritical water conditions. J Mater Chem 12:3671–3676CrossRef Hayashi H, Torii K (2002) Hydrothermal synthesis of titanoa photocatalyst under subcritical water conditions. J Mater Chem 12:3671–3676CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hoffman AJ, Mills G, Yee H, Hofhann MR (1992a) Q-sized cadmium sulfide: Synthesis, characterization, and efficiency of photoinitiation of polymerization of several vinylic monomers. J Phys Chem 96:5546–5552CrossRef Hoffman AJ, Mills G, Yee H, Hofhann MR (1992a) Q-sized cadmium sulfide: Synthesis, characterization, and efficiency of photoinitiation of polymerization of several vinylic monomers. J Phys Chem 96:5546–5552CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hoffman AJ, Yee H, Mills G, Hoffmann MR (1992b) Photoinitiated polymerization of methyl methacrylate using Q-sized zinc oxide colloids. J Phys Chem 96:5540–5545CrossRef Hoffman AJ, Yee H, Mills G, Hoffmann MR (1992b) Photoinitiated polymerization of methyl methacrylate using Q-sized zinc oxide colloids. J Phys Chem 96:5540–5545CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hoffmann MR, Martin ST, Choi W, Bahnemann DW (1995) Environmental applications of semiconductor photocatalysis. Chem Rev 95:69–96CrossRef Hoffmann MR, Martin ST, Choi W, Bahnemann DW (1995) Environmental applications of semiconductor photocatalysis. Chem Rev 95:69–96CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hong SS, Lee MS, Park SS, Lee GD (2003) Synthesis of nanosized TiO2/SiO2 particles in the microemulsion and their photocatalytic activity on the decomposition of p-nitrophenol. Catal Today 87:99–105CrossRef Hong SS, Lee MS, Park SS, Lee GD (2003) Synthesis of nanosized TiO2/SiO2 particles in the microemulsion and their photocatalytic activity on the decomposition of p-nitrophenol. Catal Today 87:99–105CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Houas A, Lachheb H, Ksibi M, Elaloui E, Guillard C, Herrmann J-M (2001) Photocatalytic degradation pathway of methylene blue in water. Appl Catal B Environ 31:145–157CrossRef Houas A, Lachheb H, Ksibi M, Elaloui E, Guillard C, Herrmann J-M (2001) Photocatalytic degradation pathway of methylene blue in water. Appl Catal B Environ 31:145–157CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hsiao C-Y, Lee C-L, Ollis DF (1983) Heterogeneous photocatalysis: degradation of dilute solutions of dichloromethane, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride with illuminated TiO2 photocatalyst. J Catal 82:418–423CrossRef Hsiao C-Y, Lee C-L, Ollis DF (1983) Heterogeneous photocatalysis: degradation of dilute solutions of dichloromethane, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride with illuminated TiO2 photocatalyst. J Catal 82:418–423CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Huang W, Tang X, Wang Y, Koltypin Y, Gedanken A (2000) Selective synthesis of anatase and rutile via ultrasound irradiation. Chem Commun 1415–1416 Huang W, Tang X, Wang Y, Koltypin Y, Gedanken A (2000) Selective synthesis of anatase and rutile via ultrasound irradiation. Chem Commun 1415–1416
Zurück zum Zitat Jin B, Chong MN, Chow CWK, Saint C (2010) Recent developments in photocatalytic water treatment technology: a review. Water Res 44:2997–3027CrossRef Jin B, Chong MN, Chow CWK, Saint C (2010) Recent developments in photocatalytic water treatment technology: a review. Water Res 44:2997–3027CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Jokanovic V, Spasic AM, Uskokovic D (2004) Designing of nanostructured hollow TiO2 spheres obtained by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. J Colloid Interface Sci 278:342–352CrossRef Jokanovic V, Spasic AM, Uskokovic D (2004) Designing of nanostructured hollow TiO2 spheres obtained by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. J Colloid Interface Sci 278:342–352CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Joo J, Kwon SG, Yu T, Cho M, Lee J, Yoon J, Hyeon T (2005) Large-scale synthesis of TiO2 nanorods via nonhydrolytic sol–gel ester elimination reaction and their application to photocatalytic inactivation of E. coli. J Phys Chem B 109:15297–15302CrossRef Joo J, Kwon SG, Yu T, Cho M, Lee J, Yoon J, Hyeon T (2005) Large-scale synthesis of TiO2 nanorods via nonhydrolytic sol–gel ester elimination reaction and their application to photocatalytic inactivation of E. coli. J Phys Chem B 109:15297–15302CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Jun YW, Casula MF, Sim JH, Kim SY, Cheon J, Alivisatos AP (2003) Surfactant-assisted elimination of a high energy facet as a means of controlling the shapes of TiO2 nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc 125:15981–15985CrossRef Jun YW, Casula MF, Sim JH, Kim SY, Cheon J, Alivisatos AP (2003) Surfactant-assisted elimination of a high energy facet as a means of controlling the shapes of TiO2 nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc 125:15981–15985CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kamat PV (1993) Photochemistry on non reactive and reactive (semiconductor) surfaces. Chem Rev 93:267–300CrossRef Kamat PV (1993) Photochemistry on non reactive and reactive (semiconductor) surfaces. Chem Rev 93:267–300CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kim KD, Kim HT (2001) Synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles by hydrolysis of TEOT and decrease of particle size using a two-stage mixed method. Powder Technol 119:164–172CrossRef Kim KD, Kim HT (2001) Synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles by hydrolysis of TEOT and decrease of particle size using a two-stage mixed method. Powder Technol 119:164–172CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kim KD, Kim HT (2002) Synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles using a continuous reaction method. Colloid Surf A 207:263–269CrossRef Kim KD, Kim HT (2002) Synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles using a continuous reaction method. Colloid Surf A 207:263–269CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kim KD, Kim SH, Kim HT (2005) Applying the Taguchi method to the optimization for the synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles by hydrolysis of TEOT in micelles. Colloid Surf A 254:99–107 Kim KD, Kim SH, Kim HT (2005) Applying the Taguchi method to the optimization for the synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles by hydrolysis of TEOT in micelles. Colloid Surf A 254:99–107
Zurück zum Zitat Kim W, Park J, Jo HJ, Kim H-J, Choi W (2008) Visible light photocatalysts based on homogeneous and heterogenized tin porphyrins. J Phys Chem C 112:491–499CrossRef Kim W, Park J, Jo HJ, Kim H-J, Choi W (2008) Visible light photocatalysts based on homogeneous and heterogenized tin porphyrins. J Phys Chem C 112:491–499CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kitano M, Funatsu K, Anpo M (2006) Preparation of nitrogen-substituted TiO2 thin film photocatalysts by the radio frequency magnetron sputtering deposition method and their photocatalytic reactivity under visible light irradiation. J Phys Chem B 110:25266–25272CrossRef Kitano M, Funatsu K, Anpo M (2006) Preparation of nitrogen-substituted TiO2 thin film photocatalysts by the radio frequency magnetron sputtering deposition method and their photocatalytic reactivity under visible light irradiation. J Phys Chem B 110:25266–25272CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Konstantinou IK, Zarkadis AK, Albanis TA (2001) Photodegradation of selected herbicides in various natural waters and soils under environmental conditions. J Environ Qual 30:121–130CrossRef Konstantinou IK, Zarkadis AK, Albanis TA (2001) Photodegradation of selected herbicides in various natural waters and soils under environmental conditions. J Environ Qual 30:121–130CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kumar SG, Devi LG (2011) Review on modified TiO2 photocatalysis under UV/visible light: selected results and related mechanisms on interfacial charge carrier transfer dynamics. J Phys Chem A 115(46):13211–41CrossRef Kumar SG, Devi LG (2011) Review on modified TiO2 photocatalysis under UV/visible light: selected results and related mechanisms on interfacial charge carrier transfer dynamics. J Phys Chem A 115(46):13211–41CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kuznetsova IN, Blaskov V, Stambolova I, Znaidi L, Kanaev A (2005) TiO2 pure phase brookite with preferred orientation, synthesized as a spin-coated film. Mater Lett 59:3820–3823CrossRef Kuznetsova IN, Blaskov V, Stambolova I, Znaidi L, Kanaev A (2005) TiO2 pure phase brookite with preferred orientation, synthesized as a spin-coated film. Mater Lett 59:3820–3823CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lee JH, Yang YS (2005a) Effect of HCl concentration and reaction time on the change in the crystalline state of TiO2 prepared from aqueous TiCl4 solution by precipitation. J Eur Ceram Soc 25:3573–3578CrossRef Lee JH, Yang YS (2005a) Effect of HCl concentration and reaction time on the change in the crystalline state of TiO2 prepared from aqueous TiCl4 solution by precipitation. J Eur Ceram Soc 25:3573–3578CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lee JH, Yang YS (2005b) Effect of hydrolysis conditions on morphology and phase content in the crystalline TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized from aqueous TiCl4 solution by precipitation. Mater Chem Phys 93:237–242CrossRef Lee JH, Yang YS (2005b) Effect of hydrolysis conditions on morphology and phase content in the crystalline TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized from aqueous TiCl4 solution by precipitation. Mater Chem Phys 93:237–242CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lei Y, Zhang LD, Fan JC (2001) Fabrication, characterization and Raman study of TiO2 nanowire arrays prepared by anodic oxidative hydrolysis of TiCl3. Chem Phys Lett 338:231–236CrossRef Lei Y, Zhang LD, Fan JC (2001) Fabrication, characterization and Raman study of TiO2 nanowire arrays prepared by anodic oxidative hydrolysis of TiCl3. Chem Phys Lett 338:231–236CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lewis NS (1991) An analysis of charge transfer rate constants for semiconductor/liquid interfaces. Annu Rev Phys 42:543–580CrossRef Lewis NS (1991) An analysis of charge transfer rate constants for semiconductor/liquid interfaces. Annu Rev Phys 42:543–580CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Li GL, Wang GH (1999) Synthesis of nanometer-sized TiO2 particles by a microemulsion method. Nanostruct Mater 11:663–668CrossRef Li GL, Wang GH (1999) Synthesis of nanometer-sized TiO2 particles by a microemulsion method. Nanostruct Mater 11:663–668CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Li X, Cubbage JW, Jenks WS (1999) Photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol: 2. The 4- chlorocatechol pathway. J Org Chem 64:8525–8536CrossRef Li X, Cubbage JW, Jenks WS (1999) Photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol: 2. The 4- chlorocatechol pathway. J Org Chem 64:8525–8536CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Li Y, Nam-H L, Doo-S H, Song JS, Lee EG, Sun-J K (2004a) Synthesis and characterization of nano titania powder with high photoactivity for gas-phase photo-oxidation of benzene from TiOCl2 aqueous solution at low temperatures. Langmuir 2:10838–10844CrossRef Li Y, Nam-H L, Doo-S H, Song JS, Lee EG, Sun-J K (2004a) Synthesis and characterization of nano titania powder with high photoactivity for gas-phase photo-oxidation of benzene from TiOCl2 aqueous solution at low temperatures. Langmuir 2:10838–10844CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Li Y, White TJ, Lim SH (2004b) Low-temperature synthesis and microstructural control of titania nanoparticles. J Solid State Chem 177:1372–1381CrossRef Li Y, White TJ, Lim SH (2004b) Low-temperature synthesis and microstructural control of titania nanoparticles. J Solid State Chem 177:1372–1381CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Li J, Liu Y, Chen X, Burda C (2005) Photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes by nitrogen doped TiO2 nanocatalysts. Chemosphere 61:11–18CrossRef Li J, Liu Y, Chen X, Burda C (2005) Photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes by nitrogen doped TiO2 nanocatalysts. Chemosphere 61:11–18CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Li XL, Peng Q, Yi JX, Wang X, Li YD (2006) Near monodisperse TiO2 nanoparticles and nanorods. Chem Eur J 12:2383–2391CrossRef Li XL, Peng Q, Yi JX, Wang X, Li YD (2006) Near monodisperse TiO2 nanoparticles and nanorods. Chem Eur J 12:2383–2391CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lim KT, Hwang HS, Hong SS, Park C, Ryoo W, Johnston KP (2004a) Synthesis of ultrafine TiO2 particles from hydrolysis of Ti(OiPr)4 with PEO-b-PFOMA reverse micelles in CO2. Stud Surf Sci Catal 153:569–572CrossRef Lim KT, Hwang HS, Hong SS, Park C, Ryoo W, Johnston KP (2004a) Synthesis of ultrafine TiO2 particles from hydrolysis of Ti(OiPr)4 with PEO-b-PFOMA reverse micelles in CO2. Stud Surf Sci Catal 153:569–572CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lim KT, Hwang HS, Ryoo W, Johnston KP (2004b) Synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles utilizing hydrated reverse micelles in CO2. Langmuir 20:2466–2471CrossRef Lim KT, Hwang HS, Ryoo W, Johnston KP (2004b) Synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles utilizing hydrated reverse micelles in CO2. Langmuir 20:2466–2471CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lin J, Lin Y, Liu P, Meziani MJ, Allard LF, Sun YP (2002) J Am Chem Soc 124:11514–11518CrossRef Lin J, Lin Y, Liu P, Meziani MJ, Allard LF, Sun YP (2002) J Am Chem Soc 124:11514–11518CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Linsebigler AL, Lu G, Yates JT (1995) Photocatalysis on TiO2 surfaces: principles, mechanisms, and selected results. Chem Rev 95:735–758CrossRef Linsebigler AL, Lu G, Yates JT (1995) Photocatalysis on TiO2 surfaces: principles, mechanisms, and selected results. Chem Rev 95:735–758CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Liu S, Huang K (2004) Straight forward fabrication of highly ordered TiO2 nanowire arrays in AAM aluminum sub- strate. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 85:125–131 Liu S, Huang K (2004) Straight forward fabrication of highly ordered TiO2 nanowire arrays in AAM aluminum sub- strate. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 85:125–131
Zurück zum Zitat Liu P, Bandara J, Lin Y, Elgin D, Allard LF, Sun YP (2002) Formation of nanocrystalline titanium dioxide in perfluorinated ionomer membrane. Langmuir 18:10398–10401CrossRef Liu P, Bandara J, Lin Y, Elgin D, Allard LF, Sun YP (2002) Formation of nanocrystalline titanium dioxide in perfluorinated ionomer membrane. Langmuir 18:10398–10401CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Liu G, Wang L, Yang HG, Cheng H-M, Lu GQM (2010) Titania-based photocatalysts – crystal growth, doping and heterostructuring. J Mater Chem 20:831–843CrossRef Liu G, Wang L, Yang HG, Cheng H-M, Lu GQM (2010) Titania-based photocatalysts – crystal growth, doping and heterostructuring. J Mater Chem 20:831–843CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ma G, Zhao X, Zhu J (2005) Microwave hydrothermal synthesis of rutile TiO2 nanorods. Int J Mod Phys B 19:2763–2768CrossRef Ma G, Zhao X, Zhu J (2005) Microwave hydrothermal synthesis of rutile TiO2 nanorods. Int J Mod Phys B 19:2763–2768CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Manorama SV, Reddy KM, Reddy CVG, Narayanan S, Raja PR, Chatterji PR (2001) Photostabilization of dye on anatase titania nanoparticles by polymer capping. J Phys Chem Solids 63:135–143CrossRef Manorama SV, Reddy KM, Reddy CVG, Narayanan S, Raja PR, Chatterji PR (2001) Photostabilization of dye on anatase titania nanoparticles by polymer capping. J Phys Chem Solids 63:135–143CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Marcus RA (1990) Reorganization free energy for electron transfers at liquid-liquid and dielectric semiconductor-liquid interfaces. J Phys Chem 94:1050–1055CrossRef Marcus RA (1990) Reorganization free energy for electron transfers at liquid-liquid and dielectric semiconductor-liquid interfaces. J Phys Chem 94:1050–1055CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Marcus RA, Sutin N (1985) Electron transfers in chemistry and biology. Biochim Biophys Acta 811:265–322CrossRef Marcus RA, Sutin N (1985) Electron transfers in chemistry and biology. Biochim Biophys Acta 811:265–322CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Matsunaga T, Tomato R, Nakajima T, Wake H (1985) Photochemical sterilization of microbial cells by semiconductor powders. FEMS Microbiol Lett 29:211–214CrossRef Matsunaga T, Tomato R, Nakajima T, Wake H (1985) Photochemical sterilization of microbial cells by semiconductor powders. FEMS Microbiol Lett 29:211–214CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Meskin PE, Ivanov VK, Barantchikov AE, Churagulov BR, Tretyakov YD (2006) Ultrasonically assisted hydrothermal synthesis of nanocrystalline ZrO2, TiO2, NiFe2O4 and Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 powders. Ultrason Sonochem 13:47–53CrossRef Meskin PE, Ivanov VK, Barantchikov AE, Churagulov BR, Tretyakov YD (2006) Ultrasonically assisted hydrothermal synthesis of nanocrystalline ZrO2, TiO2, NiFe2O4 and Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 powders. Ultrason Sonochem 13:47–53CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mills A, Le Hunte S (1997) An overview of semiconductor photocatalysis. J Photochem Photobiol A 108:1–35CrossRef Mills A, Le Hunte S (1997) An overview of semiconductor photocatalysis. J Photochem Photobiol A 108:1–35CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Moctezuma E, Leyva E, Palestino G, de Lasa H (2007) Photocatalytic degradation of methyl parathion: reaction pathways and intermediate reaction products. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 186:71–84CrossRef Moctezuma E, Leyva E, Palestino G, de Lasa H (2007) Photocatalytic degradation of methyl parathion: reaction pathways and intermediate reaction products. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 186:71–84CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mohapatra SK, Misra M, Raja KS (2007) A novel method for the synthesis of titania nanotubes using sonoelectrochemical method and its application for photoelectrochemical splitting of water. J Catal 246:362–369CrossRef Mohapatra SK, Misra M, Raja KS (2007) A novel method for the synthesis of titania nanotubes using sonoelectrochemical method and its application for photoelectrochemical splitting of water. J Catal 246:362–369CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Molinari R, Pirillo F, Loddo V, Palmisano L (2006) Heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceuticals in water by using polycrystalline TiO2 and a nanofiltration membrane reactor. Catal Today 118:205–213CrossRef Molinari R, Pirillo F, Loddo V, Palmisano L (2006) Heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceuticals in water by using polycrystalline TiO2 and a nanofiltration membrane reactor. Catal Today 118:205–213CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mor GK, Varghese OK, Grimes CA (2006) A review on highly ordered, vertically oriented TiO2 nanotube arrays: fabrication, material properties, and solar energy applications. Solar Energy Mater Sol Cell 90:2011–2075CrossRef Mor GK, Varghese OK, Grimes CA (2006) A review on highly ordered, vertically oriented TiO2 nanotube arrays: fabrication, material properties, and solar energy applications. Solar Energy Mater Sol Cell 90:2011–2075CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Moritz T, Reiss J, Diesner K, Su D, Chemseddine A (1997) Nanostructured crystalline TiO2 through growth control and stabilization of intermediate structural building units. J Phys Chem B 101:8052–8053CrossRef Moritz T, Reiss J, Diesner K, Su D, Chemseddine A (1997) Nanostructured crystalline TiO2 through growth control and stabilization of intermediate structural building units. J Phys Chem B 101:8052–8053CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Murray CB, Kagan CR, Bawendi MG (2000) Synthesis and characterization of monodisperse nanocrystals and close packed nanocrystal assemblies. Annu Rev Mater Sci 30:545–610CrossRef Murray CB, Kagan CR, Bawendi MG (2000) Synthesis and characterization of monodisperse nanocrystals and close packed nanocrystal assemblies. Annu Rev Mater Sci 30:545–610CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Muruganandham M, Kusumoto Y (2009) Synthesis of N, C codoped hierarchical porous microsphere ZnS as a visible light-responsive photocatalyst. J Phys Chem C 113:16144–16150CrossRef Muruganandham M, Kusumoto Y (2009) Synthesis of N, C codoped hierarchical porous microsphere ZnS as a visible light-responsive photocatalyst. J Phys Chem C 113:16144–16150CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Nagappa B, Chandrappa GT (2007) Mesoporous nanocrystalline magnesium oxide for environmental remediation. Micropor Mesopor Mater 106: 212–218CrossRef Nagappa B, Chandrappa GT (2007) Mesoporous nanocrystalline magnesium oxide for environmental remediation. Micropor Mesopor Mater 106: 212–218CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Nagaveni K, Hegde MS, Madras G (2004) Structure and photocatalytic activity of Ti1-xMxO2 (M W, V, Ce, Zr, Fe, and Cu) synthesized by solution combustion method. J Phys Chem B 108:20204–20212CrossRef Nagaveni K, Hegde MS, Madras G (2004) Structure and photocatalytic activity of Ti1-xMxO2 (M W, V, Ce, Zr, Fe, and Cu) synthesized by solution combustion method. J Phys Chem B 108:20204–20212CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Nogueira RFP, Jardim WF (1998) A fotocatálise heterogênea e sua aplicação ambiental. Quimica Nova 2:69–72CrossRef Nogueira RFP, Jardim WF (1998) A fotocatálise heterogênea e sua aplicação ambiental. Quimica Nova 2:69–72CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ohno T, Mitsui T, Matsumura M (2003) Photocatalytic activity of S-doped TiO2 photocatalyst under visible light. Chem Lett 32:364–365CrossRef Ohno T, Mitsui T, Matsumura M (2003) Photocatalytic activity of S-doped TiO2 photocatalyst under visible light. Chem Lett 32:364–365CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ollis DF, Pelizzetti E, Serpone N (1991) Photocatalysed destruction of water contaminants. Environ Sci Technol 25:1522–1529CrossRef Ollis DF, Pelizzetti E, Serpone N (1991) Photocatalysed destruction of water contaminants. Environ Sci Technol 25:1522–1529CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Oskam G, Nellore A, Penn RL, Searson PC (2003) The growth kinetics of TiO2 nanoparticles from titanium(IV) alkoxide at high water/titanium ratio. J Phys Chem B 107:1734–1738CrossRef Oskam G, Nellore A, Penn RL, Searson PC (2003) The growth kinetics of TiO2 nanoparticles from titanium(IV) alkoxide at high water/titanium ratio. J Phys Chem B 107:1734–1738CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Palmisano G, Augugliaro V, Pagliaro M, Palmisano L (2007) Photocatalysis: a promising route for 21st century organic chemistry. Chem Commun 33:3425–3437CrossRef Palmisano G, Augugliaro V, Pagliaro M, Palmisano L (2007) Photocatalysis: a promising route for 21st century organic chemistry. Chem Commun 33:3425–3437CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Pottier A, Chaneac C, Tronc E, Mazerolles L, Jolivet JP (2001) Synthesis of brookite TiO2 nanoparticles by thermolysis of TiCl4 in strongly acidic aqueous media. J Mater Chem 11:1116–1121CrossRef Pottier A, Chaneac C, Tronc E, Mazerolles L, Jolivet JP (2001) Synthesis of brookite TiO2 nanoparticles by thermolysis of TiCl4 in strongly acidic aqueous media. J Mater Chem 11:1116–1121CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Pottier A, Cassaignon S, Chaneac C, Villain F, Tronc E, Jolivet JP (2003) Size tailoring of TiO2 anatase nanoparticles in aqueous media and synthesis of nanocomposites, characterization by Raman spectroscopy. J Mater Chem 13:877–882CrossRef Pottier A, Cassaignon S, Chaneac C, Villain F, Tronc E, Jolivet JP (2003) Size tailoring of TiO2 anatase nanoparticles in aqueous media and synthesis of nanocomposites, characterization by Raman spectroscopy. J Mater Chem 13:877–882CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Pradhan SK, Reucroft PJ, Yang F, Dozier A (2003) Growth of TiO2 nanorods by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. J Cryst Growth 256:83–88CrossRef Pradhan SK, Reucroft PJ, Yang F, Dozier A (2003) Growth of TiO2 nanorods by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. J Cryst Growth 256:83–88CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Priya MH, Madras G (2006) Kinetics of photocatalytic degradation of phenols with multiple substituent groups. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 179:256–262CrossRef Priya MH, Madras G (2006) Kinetics of photocatalytic degradation of phenols with multiple substituent groups. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 179:256–262CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Pruden AL, Ollis DF (1983) Heterogeneous photocatalysis: the degradation of trichloroethylene in water. J Catal 82:404–417CrossRef Pruden AL, Ollis DF (1983) Heterogeneous photocatalysis: the degradation of trichloroethylene in water. J Catal 82:404–417CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Qiu R, Zhang D, Mo Y, Song L, Brewer E, Huang X, Xiong Y (2008) Photocatalytic activity of polymer-modified ZnO under visible light irradiation. J Hazard Mater 156:80–85CrossRef Qiu R, Zhang D, Mo Y, Song L, Brewer E, Huang X, Xiong Y (2008) Photocatalytic activity of polymer-modified ZnO under visible light irradiation. J Hazard Mater 156:80–85CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Raja KS, Misra M, Paramguru K (2005) Formation of self-ordered nano-tubular structure of anodic oxide layer on titanium. Electrochim Acta 51:154–165CrossRef Raja KS, Misra M, Paramguru K (2005) Formation of self-ordered nano-tubular structure of anodic oxide layer on titanium. Electrochim Acta 51:154–165CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Reddy KM, Reddy CVG, Manorama SV (2001) Photostabilization of dye on anatase titania nanoparticles by polymer capping. J Solid State Chem 158:180–186CrossRef Reddy KM, Reddy CVG, Manorama SV (2001) Photostabilization of dye on anatase titania nanoparticles by polymer capping. J Solid State Chem 158:180–186CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ru J, Huayue Z, Xiaodong L, Ling X (2009) Visible light photocatalytic decolourization of C. I. Acid Red 66 by chitosan capped CdS composite nanoparticles. Chem Eng J 152:537–542CrossRef Ru J, Huayue Z, Xiaodong L, Ling X (2009) Visible light photocatalytic decolourization of C. I. Acid Red 66 by chitosan capped CdS composite nanoparticles. Chem Eng J 152:537–542CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Scolan E, Sanchez C (1998) Synthesis and characterization of surface-protected nanocrystalline titania particles. Chem Mater 10:3217–3223CrossRef Scolan E, Sanchez C (1998) Synthesis and characterization of surface-protected nanocrystalline titania particles. Chem Mater 10:3217–3223CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Seifried S, Winterer M, Hahn H (2000) Nanocrystalline titania films and particles by chemical vapour synthesis. Chem Vap Deposition 6:239–244CrossRef Seifried S, Winterer M, Hahn H (2000) Nanocrystalline titania films and particles by chemical vapour synthesis. Chem Vap Deposition 6:239–244CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Serpone N (2006) Visible light absorption by various titanium dioxide specimens. J Phys Chem B 110:24287–24293CrossRef Serpone N (2006) Visible light absorption by various titanium dioxide specimens. J Phys Chem B 110:24287–24293CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Serpone N, Lawless D, Disdier J, Herrmann J-M (1994) Spectroscopic, photoconductivity, and photocatalytic studies of TiO2 colloids – naked and with the lattice doped with Cr3+, Fe3+, and V5+ cations. Langmuir 10:643–652CrossRef Serpone N, Lawless D, Disdier J, Herrmann J-M (1994) Spectroscopic, photoconductivity, and photocatalytic studies of TiO2 colloids – naked and with the lattice doped with Cr3+, Fe3+, and V5+ cations. Langmuir 10:643–652CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Shah SI, Li W, Huang C-P, Jung O, Ni C (2002) Study of Nd3C, Pd2C, Pt4C, and Fe3C dopant effect on photoreactivity of TiO2 nanoparticles. Proc Natl Acad Sci 99:6482–6486CrossRef Shah SI, Li W, Huang C-P, Jung O, Ni C (2002) Study of Nd3C, Pd2C, Pt4C, and Fe3C dopant effect on photoreactivity of TiO2 nanoparticles. Proc Natl Acad Sci 99:6482–6486CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sivalingam G, Priya MH, Madras G (2004) Kinetic of the photodegradation of substituted phenols by solution combustion synthesized TiO2. Appl Catal B Environ 51:67–76CrossRef Sivalingam G, Priya MH, Madras G (2004) Kinetic of the photodegradation of substituted phenols by solution combustion synthesized TiO2. Appl Catal B Environ 51:67–76CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Steigerwald ML, Brus LE (1989) Synthesis, stabilization, and electronic structure of quantum semiconductor nanoclusters. Annu Rev Mater Sci 19:471–495CrossRef Steigerwald ML, Brus LE (1989) Synthesis, stabilization, and electronic structure of quantum semiconductor nanoclusters. Annu Rev Mater Sci 19:471–495CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sugimoto T, Zhou X (2002) Synthesis of uniform anatase TiO2 nanoparticles by the gel–sol method: 2. Adsorption of OH− ions to Ti(OH)4 Gel and TiO2 particles. J Colloid Interface Sci 252:347–353CrossRef Sugimoto T, Zhou X (2002) Synthesis of uniform anatase TiO2 nanoparticles by the gel–sol method: 2. Adsorption of OH ions to Ti(OH)4 Gel and TiO2 particles. J Colloid Interface Sci 252:347–353CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sugimoto T, Okada K, Itoh H (1997) Synthesis of uniform spindle type titania particles by gel–sol method. J Colloid Interface Sci 193:140–142CrossRef Sugimoto T, Okada K, Itoh H (1997) Synthesis of uniform spindle type titania particles by gel–sol method. J Colloid Interface Sci 193:140–142CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sugimoto T, Zhou X, Muramatsu A (2002) Synthesis of uniform anatase TiO2 nanoparticles by gel–sol method: solution chemistry of Ti(OH)n(4−n)+ complexes. J Colloid Interface Sci 252:339–346CrossRef Sugimoto T, Zhou X, Muramatsu A (2002) Synthesis of uniform anatase TiO2 nanoparticles by gel–sol method: solution chemistry of Ti(OH)n(4−n)+ complexes. J Colloid Interface Sci 252:339–346CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Szabo DV, Vollath D, Arnold W (2001) Microwave plasma synthesis of nanoparticles – application of microwaves to produce new materials. Ceram Trans 111: 217–224 Szabo DV, Vollath D, Arnold W (2001) Microwave plasma synthesis of nanoparticles – application of microwaves to produce new materials. Ceram Trans 111: 217–224
Zurück zum Zitat Vinu R, Madras G (2008) Synthesis and photoactivity of Pd substituted nano-TiO2. J Mol Catal A Chem 291:5–11CrossRef Vinu R, Madras G (2008) Synthesis and photoactivity of Pd substituted nano-TiO2. J Mol Catal A Chem 291:5–11CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Vinu R, Madras G (2009) Photocatalytic activity of Ag substituted and impregnated nano-TiO2. Appl Catal A Gen 366:130–140CrossRef Vinu R, Madras G (2009) Photocatalytic activity of Ag substituted and impregnated nano-TiO2. Appl Catal A Gen 366:130–140CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wang X, Zhuang J, Peng Q, Li YD (2005) A general strategy for nanocrystal synthesis. Nature 437:121–124CrossRef Wang X, Zhuang J, Peng Q, Li YD (2005) A general strategy for nanocrystal synthesis. Nature 437:121–124CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wei L, Shifu C, Wei Z, Sujuan Z (2009) Titanium dioxide mediated photocatalytic degradation of methamidophos in aqueous phase. J Hazard Mater 164:154–160CrossRef Wei L, Shifu C, Wei Z, Sujuan Z (2009) Titanium dioxide mediated photocatalytic degradation of methamidophos in aqueous phase. J Hazard Mater 164:154–160CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Weller H (1993) Quantized semiconductor particles: a novel state of matter for materials science. Adv Mater 5:88CrossRef Weller H (1993) Quantized semiconductor particles: a novel state of matter for materials science. Adv Mater 5:88CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Weller H, Eychmüller A, Vogel R, Katsikas L, Hässelbarth A, Giersig M (1993) Synthesis and photochemistry of quantum-size semiconductor particles in solution and in modified layers. Israel J Chem 33:107–113 Weller H, Eychmüller A, Vogel R, Katsikas L, Hässelbarth A, Giersig M (1993) Synthesis and photochemistry of quantum-size semiconductor particles in solution and in modified layers. Israel J Chem 33:107–113
Zurück zum Zitat Wen B, Liu C, Liu Y (2005a) Bamboo-shaped Ag-doped TiO2 nanowires with heterojunctions. Inorg Chem 44:6503–6505CrossRef Wen B, Liu C, Liu Y (2005a) Bamboo-shaped Ag-doped TiO2 nanowires with heterojunctions. Inorg Chem 44:6503–6505CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wen B, Liu C, Liu Y (2005b) Depositional characteristics of metal coating on single-crystal TiO2 nanowires. J Phys Chem B 109:12372–12375CrossRef Wen B, Liu C, Liu Y (2005b) Depositional characteristics of metal coating on single-crystal TiO2 nanowires. J Phys Chem B 109:12372–12375CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wen B, Liu C, Liu Y (2005c) Solvothermal synthesis of ultralong single-crystalline TiO2 nanowires. New J Chem 29:969–971CrossRef Wen B, Liu C, Liu Y (2005c) Solvothermal synthesis of ultralong single-crystalline TiO2 nanowires. New J Chem 29:969–971CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wu JJ, Yu CC (2004) Aligned TiO2 nanorods and nanowalls. J Phys Chem B 108:3377–3379CrossRef Wu JJ, Yu CC (2004) Aligned TiO2 nanorods and nanowalls. J Phys Chem B 108:3377–3379CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wu Jyh-M, Shih HC, Wu Wen-T (2005a) Electron field emission from single crystalline TiO2 nanowires prepared by thermal evaporation. Chem Phys Lett 413:490–494CrossRef Wu Jyh-M, Shih HC, Wu Wen-T (2005a) Electron field emission from single crystalline TiO2 nanowires prepared by thermal evaporation. Chem Phys Lett 413:490–494CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wu Jyh-M, Shih HC, Wu Wen-T, Tseng YK, Chen IC (2005b) Thermal evaporation growth and the luminescence property of TiO2 nanowires. J Cryst Growth 281:384–390CrossRef Wu Jyh-M, Shih HC, Wu Wen-T, Tseng YK, Chen IC (2005b) Thermal evaporation growth and the luminescence property of TiO2 nanowires. J Cryst Growth 281:384–390CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wu X, Jiang QZ, Ma ZF, Fu M, Shangguan WF (2005c) Synthesis of titania nanotubes by microwave irradiation. Solid State Commun 136:513–517CrossRef Wu X, Jiang QZ, Ma ZF, Fu M, Shangguan WF (2005c) Synthesis of titania nanotubes by microwave irradiation. Solid State Commun 136:513–517CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Xia H, Wang Q (2002) Ultrasonic irradiation: a novel approach to prepare conductive polyaniline/ nanocrystalline titanium oxide composites. Chem Mater 14:2158–2165 Xia H, Wang Q (2002) Ultrasonic irradiation: a novel approach to prepare conductive polyaniline/ nanocrystalline titanium oxide composites. Chem Mater 14:2158–2165
Zurück zum Zitat Xiang B, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Luo XH, Zhu YW, Zhang HZ, Yu DP (2005) Field-emission properties of TiO2 nanowire arrays. J Phys D 38:1152–1156CrossRef Xiang B, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Luo XH, Zhu YW, Zhang HZ, Yu DP (2005) Field-emission properties of TiO2 nanowire arrays. J Phys D 38:1152–1156CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Xu J, Ge JP, Li YD (2006) Solvothermal synthesis of monodisperse PbSe nanocrystals. J Phys Chem B 110:2497–2501CrossRef Xu J, Ge JP, Li YD (2006) Solvothermal synthesis of monodisperse PbSe nanocrystals. J Phys Chem B 110:2497–2501CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Yamamoto T, Wada Y, Yin H, Sakata T, Mori H, Yanagida S (2002) Microwave-driven polyol method for preparation of TiO2 nanocrystallites. Chem Lett 964–965 Yamamoto T, Wada Y, Yin H, Sakata T, Mori H, Yanagida S (2002) Microwave-driven polyol method for preparation of TiO2 nanocrystallites. Chem Lett 964–965
Zurück zum Zitat Yamashita H, Harada M, Misaka J, Takeuchi M, Ichihashi Y, Goto F, Ishida M, Sasaki T, Anpo M (2001) Application of ion beam techniques for preparation of metal ion-implanted TiO2 thin film photocatalyst available under visible light irradiation: metal ion-implantation and ionized cluster beam method. J Synchrotron Radiat 8:569–571CrossRef Yamashita H, Harada M, Misaka J, Takeuchi M, Ichihashi Y, Goto F, Ishida M, Sasaki T, Anpo M (2001) Application of ion beam techniques for preparation of metal ion-implanted TiO2 thin film photocatalyst available under visible light irradiation: metal ion-implantation and ionized cluster beam method. J Synchrotron Radiat 8:569–571CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Yang SW, Gao L (2006) Fabrication and shape-evolution of nanostructured TiO2 via a sol-solvothermal process based on benzene-water interfaces. Mater Chem Phys 99:437–440CrossRef Yang SW, Gao L (2006) Fabrication and shape-evolution of nanostructured TiO2 via a sol-solvothermal process based on benzene-water interfaces. Mater Chem Phys 99:437–440CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Yang J, Mei S, Ferreira JMF (2000) Hydrothermal synthesis of well-dispersed TiO2 nano-crystals. J Am Ceram Soc 83:1361–1368CrossRef Yang J, Mei S, Ferreira JMF (2000) Hydrothermal synthesis of well-dispersed TiO2 nano-crystals. J Am Ceram Soc 83:1361–1368CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Yang J, Mei S, Ferreira JMF (2001a) Hydrothermal synthesis of nanosized titania powders: influence of tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxides on particle characteristics. J Am Ceram Soc 84:1696–1702CrossRef Yang J, Mei S, Ferreira JMF (2001a) Hydrothermal synthesis of nanosized titania powders: influence of tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxides on particle characteristics. J Am Ceram Soc 84:1696–1702CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Yang J, Mei S, Ferreira JMF (2001b) Hydrothermal synthesis of TiO2 nanopowders from tetraalkylammonium hydroxide peptized sols. Mater Sci Eng C 15:183–185CrossRef Yang J, Mei S, Ferreira JMF (2001b) Hydrothermal synthesis of TiO2 nanopowders from tetraalkylammonium hydroxide peptized sols. Mater Sci Eng C 15:183–185CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Yang J, Mei S, Ferreira JMF (2002) Hydrothermal synthesis of well-dispersed TiO2 nano-crystals. J Mater Res 17:2197CrossRef Yang J, Mei S, Ferreira JMF (2002) Hydrothermal synthesis of well-dispersed TiO2 nano-crystals. J Mater Res 17:2197CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Yang J, Mei S, Ferreira JMF (2003) In situ preparation of weakly flocculated aqueous anatase suspensions by the hydrothermal technique. J Colloid Interface Sci 260:82–88CrossRef Yang J, Mei S, Ferreira JMF (2003) In situ preparation of weakly flocculated aqueous anatase suspensions by the hydrothermal technique. J Colloid Interface Sci 260:82–88CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Yang J, Mei S, Ferreira JMF (2004a) Hydrothermal processing of nanocrystalline anatase films from tetraethylammonium hydroxide peptized titania sols. J Eur Ceram Soc 24:335–339CrossRef Yang J, Mei S, Ferreira JMF (2004a) Hydrothermal processing of nanocrystalline anatase films from tetraethylammonium hydroxide peptized titania sols. J Eur Ceram Soc 24:335–339CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Yang J, Mei S, Ferreira JMF (2004b) Hydrothermal fabrication of rod-like rutile nano-particles. Mater Sci Forum 455–456:556–559CrossRef Yang J, Mei S, Ferreira JMF (2004b) Hydrothermal fabrication of rod-like rutile nano-particles. Mater Sci Forum 455–456:556–559CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Yu JC, Yu J, Ho W, Zhang L (2001) Preparation of highly photocatalytic active nano-sized TiO2 particles via ultrasonic irradiation. Chem Commun 1942–1943 Yu JC, Yu J, Ho W, Zhang L (2001) Preparation of highly photocatalytic active nano-sized TiO2 particles via ultrasonic irradiation. Chem Commun 1942–1943
Zurück zum Zitat Yu B, Zeng J, Gong L, Zhang M, Zhang L, Chen X (2007) Investigation of the photocatalytic degradation of organochlorine pesticides on a nano-TiO2 coated film. Talanta 72:1667–1674CrossRef Yu B, Zeng J, Gong L, Zhang M, Zhang L, Chen X (2007) Investigation of the photocatalytic degradation of organochlorine pesticides on a nano-TiO2 coated film. Talanta 72:1667–1674CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Yun CY, Chah S, Kang SK, Yi J (2004) The effect of ultrasonic waves on the fabrication of TiO2 nanoparticles on a substrate using a self-assembly method. Korean J Chem Eng 21:1062–1065CrossRef Yun CY, Chah S, Kang SK, Yi J (2004) The effect of ultrasonic waves on the fabrication of TiO2 nanoparticles on a substrate using a self-assembly method. Korean J Chem Eng 21:1062–1065CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zaleska A, Zielinska A, Kowalska E, Sobczak JW, Lacka I, Gazda M, Ohtani B, Hupka J (2010) Silver-doped TiO2 prepared by microemulsion method Surface properties, bio- and photoactivity. Sep Purif Technol 72:309–318CrossRef Zaleska A, Zielinska A, Kowalska E, Sobczak JW, Lacka I, Gazda M, Ohtani B, Hupka J (2010) Silver-doped TiO2 prepared by microemulsion method Surface properties, bio- and photoactivity. Sep Purif Technol 72:309–318CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang H, Banfield JF (1998) Thermodynamic analysis of phase stability of nanocrystalline titania. J Mater Chem 8:2073–2076CrossRef Zhang H, Banfield JF (1998) Thermodynamic analysis of phase stability of nanocrystalline titania. J Mater Chem 8:2073–2076CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang H, Banfield JF (2000) Understanding polymorphic phase transformation behavior during growth of nanocrystalline aggregates: insights from TiO2. J Phys Chem B 104:3481–3487CrossRef Zhang H, Banfield JF (2000) Understanding polymorphic phase transformation behavior during growth of nanocrystalline aggregates: insights from TiO2. J Phys Chem B 104:3481–3487CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang H, Banfield JF (2002) Kinetics of crystallization and crystal growth of nanocrystalline anatase in nanometer-sized amorphous titania. Chem Mater 14:4145–4154CrossRef Zhang H, Banfield JF (2002) Kinetics of crystallization and crystal growth of nanocrystalline anatase in nanometer-sized amorphous titania. Chem Mater 14:4145–4154CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang H, Banfield JF (2005) Size dependence of the kinetic rate constant for phase transformation in TiO2 nanoparticles. Chem Mater 17:3421–3425CrossRef Zhang H, Banfield JF (2005) Size dependence of the kinetic rate constant for phase transformation in TiO2 nanoparticles. Chem Mater 17:3421–3425CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang H, Finnegan M, Banfield JF (2001) Preparing single-phase nanocrystalline anatase from amorphous titania with particle sizes tailored by temperature. Nano Lett 1:81–85CrossRef Zhang H, Finnegan M, Banfield JF (2001) Preparing single-phase nanocrystalline anatase from amorphous titania with particle sizes tailored by temperature. Nano Lett 1:81–85CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang D, Qi L, Ma J, Cheng H (2002) Formation of crystalline nanosized titania in reverse micelles at room temperature. J Mater Chem 12:3677–3680CrossRef Zhang D, Qi L, Ma J, Cheng H (2002) Formation of crystalline nanosized titania in reverse micelles at room temperature. J Mater Chem 12:3677–3680CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang Z, Zhong X, Liu S, Li D, Han M (2005) Aminolysis route to monodisperse titania nanorods with tunable aspect ratio. Angew Chem Int Ed 44:3466–3470CrossRef Zhang Z, Zhong X, Liu S, Li D, Han M (2005) Aminolysis route to monodisperse titania nanorods with tunable aspect ratio. Angew Chem Int Ed 44:3466–3470CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zhu Y, Li H, Koltypin Y, Hacohen YR, Gedanken A (2001) Sonochemical synthesis of titania whiskers and nanotubes. Chem Commun 2616–2617 Zhu Y, Li H, Koltypin Y, Hacohen YR, Gedanken A (2001) Sonochemical synthesis of titania whiskers and nanotubes. Chem Commun 2616–2617
Zurück zum Zitat Zhu X, Yuan C, Bao Y, Yang J, Wu Y (2005) Photocatalytic degradation of pesticide pyridaben on TiO2 particles. J Mol Catal A Chem 229:95–105CrossRef Zhu X, Yuan C, Bao Y, Yang J, Wu Y (2005) Photocatalytic degradation of pesticide pyridaben on TiO2 particles. J Mol Catal A Chem 229:95–105CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
An Overview of Environmental Remediation Using Photocatalyst
verfasst von
Dimple P. Dutta
Copyright-Jahr
2014
Verlag
Springer India
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1166-2_8