Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 16/2017

13.05.2017

Analysis of sulphur deficiency defect prevalent in SILAR-CdS films

verfasst von: N. Nisha Banu, K. Ravichandran

Erschienen in: Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics | Ausgabe 16/2017

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

When cadmium sulphide (CdS) films are deposited using successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) process, a sulphur deficiency defect is always observed. The reason for this defect is addressed in the present work, by systematically analyzing the increasing pattern of Cd2+ions available in the anionic solution bath during the SILAR dipping cycles. The variation of the Cd2+ ion concentration in the anionic solution bath with respect to the number of cycles is analyzed in detail using inductive coupled plasma (ICP) analysis. Moreover, the corresponding sulphur deficiency generated in the CdS thin films is also analyzed using the energy dispersive X-ray analysis profiles, appropriately correlated with the ICP results. The optical transmittance and the thickness measurements are carried out as supplementary studies to support the analysis on the sulphur deficiency. The obtained results may be useful for rectifying this sulfur deficiency defect which is commonly occurred in CdS films deposited using chemical bath deposition as well as SILAR methods.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat A.S. Khomanem, Morphological and opto-electronic characterization of chemically deposited cadmium sulphide thin films. J. Alloy. Compd 496, 508–511 (2010)CrossRef A.S. Khomanem, Morphological and opto-electronic characterization of chemically deposited cadmium sulphide thin films. J. Alloy. Compd 496, 508–511 (2010)CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat A.A. Dakhela, A.Y. Ali-Mohamed, Structural, electrical, and optical absorption properties of LaxCd1−xO solid solution films obtained by sol–gel method, Mater. Chem. Phys 113, 356–360 (2009) A.A. Dakhela, A.Y. Ali-Mohamed, Structural, electrical, and optical absorption properties of LaxCd1−xO solid solution films obtained by sol–gel method, Mater. Chem. Phys 113, 356–360 (2009)
3.
Zurück zum Zitat N.D. Sankir, B. Dogan, Growth of CdS thin films and nanowires for flexible photoelectrochemical cells J. Mater. Process. Technol. 211, 382–387 (2011)CrossRef N.D. Sankir, B. Dogan, Growth of CdS thin films and nanowires for flexible photoelectrochemical cells J. Mater. Process. Technol. 211, 382–387 (2011)CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat A.A. Hendi, Optical characterizations of CdS thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition technique, J. Nanoelectron. Optoelectron. 9, 596–600 (2014)CrossRef A.A. Hendi, Optical characterizations of CdS thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition technique, J. Nanoelectron. Optoelectron. 9, 596–600 (2014)CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Barbara Fabbri, Andrea Gaiardo, Vincenzo Guidi, Cesare Malagù, Alessio Giberti, Photo-activation of cadmium sulfide films for gas sensing. Procedia. Eng. 87, 140–143 (2014)CrossRef Barbara Fabbri, Andrea Gaiardo, Vincenzo Guidi, Cesare Malagù, Alessio Giberti, Photo-activation of cadmium sulfide films for gas sensing. Procedia. Eng. 87, 140–143 (2014)CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat D.A. Mazon-Montijo, M. Sotelo-Lerma, L. Rodriguez-Fernadez, L. Huerta, AFM, XPS and RBS studies of the growth process of CdS thin films on ITO/glass substrates deposited using an ammonia-free chemical process. Appl. Surf. Sci. 256, 4280–4287 (2010)CrossRef D.A. Mazon-Montijo, M. Sotelo-Lerma, L. Rodriguez-Fernadez, L. Huerta, AFM, XPS and RBS studies of the growth process of CdS thin films on ITO/glass substrates deposited using an ammonia-free chemical process. Appl. Surf. Sci. 256, 4280–4287 (2010)CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Al-Douri, Y., Baaziz, H., Charifi, Z., Khenata, R., Hashim, U., Al-Jassim, M., Further optical properties of CdX (X: S, Te) compounds under quantum dot diameter effect: Ab initio method. Renew Energy 45, 232–236 (2012)CrossRef Al-Douri, Y., Baaziz, H., Charifi, Z., Khenata, R., Hashim, U., Al-Jassim, M., Further optical properties of CdX (X: S, Te) compounds under quantum dot diameter effect: Ab initio method. Renew Energy 45, 232–236 (2012)CrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat F. Lisco, P.M. Kaminski, A. Abbas, J.W. Bowers, G. Claudio, M. Losurdo, J.M. Walls, High rate deposition of thin film cadmium sulphide by pulsed direct current magnetron sputtering. Thin Solid Films 574, 43–51 (2015)CrossRef F. Lisco, P.M. Kaminski, A. Abbas, J.W. Bowers, G. Claudio, M. Losurdo, J.M. Walls, High rate deposition of thin film cadmium sulphide by pulsed direct current magnetron sputtering. Thin Solid Films 574, 43–51 (2015)CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat V. Senthamilselvi, K. Ravichandran, K. Saravanakumar, Influence of immersion cycles on the stoichiometry of CdS films deposited by SILAR technique. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 74, 65–69 (2013)CrossRef V. Senthamilselvi, K. Ravichandran, K. Saravanakumar, Influence of immersion cycles on the stoichiometry of CdS films deposited by SILAR technique. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 74, 65–69 (2013)CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat A. Cortes, H. Gomez, R.E. Marotti, G. Riveros, E.A. Dalchiele, Grain size dependence of the bandgap in chemical bath deposited CdS thin films. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells. 82 (2004) 21–34.CrossRef A. Cortes, H. Gomez, R.E. Marotti, G. Riveros, E.A. Dalchiele, Grain size dependence of the bandgap in chemical bath deposited CdS thin films. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells. 82 (2004) 21–34.CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat K. Ravichandran, P. Philominathan, Comparative study on structural and optical properties of CdS films fabricated by three different low-cost techniques. Appl. Surf. Sci 255, 5736–5741 (2009)CrossRef K. Ravichandran, P. Philominathan, Comparative study on structural and optical properties of CdS films fabricated by three different low-cost techniques. Appl. Surf. Sci 255, 5736–5741 (2009)CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat M.A. Martinez, C. Guillen, J. Herrero, Morphological and structural studies of CBD-CdS thin films by microscopy and diffraction techniques. Appl. Surf. Sci 136, 8–16 (1998)CrossRef M.A. Martinez, C. Guillen, J. Herrero, Morphological and structural studies of CBD-CdS thin films by microscopy and diffraction techniques. Appl. Surf. Sci 136, 8–16 (1998)CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat K.M. Garadkar, A.A. Patil, P.V. Korake, P.P. Hankare, Characterization of CdS thin films synthezied by SILAR method at room temperature. Arch. Appl. Sci. Res. 2, 429–437 (2010) K.M. Garadkar, A.A. Patil, P.V. Korake, P.P. Hankare, Characterization of CdS thin films synthezied by SILAR method at room temperature. Arch. Appl. Sci. Res. 2, 429–437 (2010)
15.
Zurück zum Zitat M. Dhanam, B. Kavitha, B. Maheswari, G.R. Jesna, Influence of preparation technique on the properties of In: CdS thin films. Acta Phys. Pol. A 119, (2011) 885–889CrossRef M. Dhanam, B. Kavitha, B. Maheswari, G.R. Jesna, Influence of preparation technique on the properties of In: CdS thin films. Acta Phys. Pol. A 119, (2011) 885–889CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat H. Metin, S. Erat, S. Durmus, M. Ari, Annealing effect on CdS/SnO2 films grown by chemical bath deposition. Appl. Surf. Sci 256, 5076–5081 (2010)CrossRef H. Metin, S. Erat, S. Durmus, M. Ari, Annealing effect on CdS/SnO2 films grown by chemical bath deposition. Appl. Surf. Sci 256, 5076–5081 (2010)CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat V. Singh, P.K. Sharma, P. Chauhan, Syenthesis of CdS nanoparticles with enhanced optical properties. Mater. Charact. 62, 43–52 (2010)CrossRef V. Singh, P.K. Sharma, P. Chauhan, Syenthesis of CdS nanoparticles with enhanced optical properties. Mater. Charact. 62, 43–52 (2010)CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat M.B. Muradov, R.K. Mammedov, A. Khodayari, Growth process and investigation of some physical properties of CdS nanocrystals formed in polymer matrix by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. J. Cryst. Growth 305, 175–180 (2007)CrossRef M.B. Muradov, R.K. Mammedov, A. Khodayari, Growth process and investigation of some physical properties of CdS nanocrystals formed in polymer matrix by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. J. Cryst. Growth 305, 175–180 (2007)CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat K. Ravichandran, N. Nisha Banu, M. Baneto, V. Senthamil Selvi, Realizing near stoichiometric and highly transparent CdS:Mo thin films by a low-cost improved SILAR technique Phys. Status Solidi A 213, 436–442 (2016)CrossRef K. Ravichandran, N. Nisha Banu, M. Baneto, V. Senthamil Selvi, Realizing near stoichiometric and highly transparent CdS:Mo thin films by a low-cost improved SILAR technique Phys. Status Solidi A 213, 436442 (2016)CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat V. Senthamilselvi, K. Saravanakumar, N. Jabena Begum, R. Anandhi, A.T. Ravichandran, B. Sakthivel, K. Ravichandran, Photovoltaic properties of nanocrystalline CdS films deposited by SILAR and CBD techniques—a comparative study. J Mater. Sci. 23, 302–308 (2011) V. Senthamilselvi, K. Saravanakumar, N. Jabena Begum, R. Anandhi, A.T. Ravichandran, B. Sakthivel, K. Ravichandran, Photovoltaic properties of nanocrystalline CdS films deposited by SILAR and CBD techniques—a comparative study. J Mater. Sci. 23, 302–308 (2011)
21.
Zurück zum Zitat R. Lozada-Moralesa, M. Rubi´N-Falfa´ Na, O. Zelaya-Angelb, R. Rami´Rez-Bon, Characterization of cubic CdS thin films annealed in vaccum. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 59, 1393–1398 (1998)CrossRef R. Lozada-Moralesa, M. Rubi´N-Falfa´ Na, O. Zelaya-Angelb, R. Rami´Rez-Bon, Characterization of cubic CdS thin films annealed in vaccum. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 59, 1393–1398 (1998)CrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat K. Ravichandran, V. Senthamilselvi, Effect of indium doping level on certain physical properties of CdS films deposited using an improved SILAR technique. App. Surf. Sci. 270, 439–444 (2013) K. Ravichandran, V. Senthamilselvi, Effect of indium doping level on certain physical properties of CdS films deposited using an improved SILAR technique. App. Surf. Sci. 270, 439–444 (2013)
23.
Zurück zum Zitat K. Ravichandran, N. Nisha Banu, V. Senthamil Selvi, B. Muralidharan, T. Arun, Rectification of sulphur deficiency defect in CdS based films by introducing a novel modification in the SILAR cyclic process. J. Alloys. Compd. 687, 402–412 (2016)CrossRef K. Ravichandran, N. Nisha Banu, V. Senthamil Selvi, B. Muralidharan, T. Arun, Rectification of sulphur deficiency defect in CdS based films by introducing a novel modification in the SILAR cyclic process. J. Alloys. Compd. 687, 402–412 (2016)CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat K. Ravichandran, G. Muruganantham, B. Sakthivel, P. Philominathan, CdS films from two different low cost techniques for solar cell applications—a comparative study. Surf. Eng. 26, 590–595 (2010)CrossRef K. Ravichandran, G. Muruganantham, B. Sakthivel, P. Philominathan, CdS films from two different low cost techniques for solar cell applications—a comparative study. Surf. Eng. 26, 590–595 (2010)CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Analysis of sulphur deficiency defect prevalent in SILAR-CdS films
verfasst von
N. Nisha Banu
K. Ravichandran
Publikationsdatum
13.05.2017
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics / Ausgabe 16/2017
Print ISSN: 0957-4522
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-482X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-6959-6

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 16/2017

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 16/2017 Zur Ausgabe

Neuer Inhalt