Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Hydrogeology Journal 6/2018

07.05.2018 | Paper

Annotated translation of “Die Wasserversorgung einiger Nordseebäder [The water supply of some North Sea spas]” by Alexander Herzberg (1901)

verfasst von: Georg Houben

Erschienen in: Hydrogeology Journal | Ausgabe 6/2018

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The publication “The water supply of some North Sea spas” by Alexander Herzberg in 1901 is a cornerstone of coastal groundwater research. It was fundamental to the development of the Ghijben-Herzberg principle, which describes the hydrostatic equilibrium between fresh and saline groundwater. Due to its age and the language barrier, the paper is often cited but probably rarely read. Therefore, the original paper has been translated from German into English, accompanied by an introduction and notes explaining the historical context.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
1
Börner & Herzberg for water supply, sewerage, gas and electrical lighting installations. The company existed at least until 1943.
 
2
For many years, his company maintained a branch office on the island, staffed by a Mr. Brons, which operated the water supply and waste water scheme on behalf of the Prussian Government.
 
3
Explanatory report on the dewatering and water supply project of the island village Norderney.
 
4
German Association of Gas and Water Tradesmen (DVGW), founded 1859 in Frankfurt, today German Association of Gas and Water Profession e.V. (DVGW), publisher of the journal
 
5
Journal for Gas Lighting and Water Supply. The journal is continued, however, under a different name and in two separate editions, (1) as “gwf Wasser/Abwasser” for water-related topics and (2) as “gwf Gas + Energie” for gas and energy topics, published by Oldenbourg, now Deutscher Industrieverlag GmbH, Munich.
 
6
Nikolaus Heinrich Schilling (1826-1894), German gas technician, worked together with Hans Bunte, first editor (1858) of the journal
 
7
Schillings’s Journal of Gas Lighting and Related Lighting Techniques as well as Water Supply
 
8
Baurat (older spelling Baurath) was an honorary, non-academic title for a technical expert from the building industry. Sometimes also “Königlicher Baurat” (Royal Baurat).
 
9
Wien is Vienna, capital of then Austria-Hungary; Norddeich is Norden-Norddeich (Fig. 1), the only eastern Frisian town with direct connection to the German train network, an important ferry harbor to several islands.
 
10
At this time, Germany was greatly expanding its naval forces, leading to an arms race with Great Britain.
 
11
See Fig. 1
 
12
Mainland of Denmark (Fig. 1)
 
13
More likely it is a formation in-situ as barrier islands at the fringe of the Wadden Sea by eolian and marine sedimentation.
 
14
Dollart: estuary of River Ems (Fig. 1), shaped by several storm floods between the 13th and 16th century
 
15
Wadden Sea: intertidal area between the mainland coast and the barrier islands (Fig. 1)
 
16
Current spelling: Wangerooge (Fig. 1)
 
17
The kingdom of Hannover, including Eastern Frisia, was annexed by Prussia in 1866 after the German-Austrian War, where Hannover had sided with the vanquished Austrian side.
 
18
The sea spa was officially opened in 1800. Norderney (Fig. 1) became part of the kingdom of Hannover in 1815. The crown prince of Hannover, George (1819–1878), later King George V., vacationed there several times between 1836 and 1865.
 
19
Duchy of Nassau, also annexed by Prussia in 1866
 
20
The (Prussian) domain administration (of a province or district) managed and leased state-owned property, usually real estate
 
21
The yellowish coloring is due to the presence of dissolved humic acids, and is still present today on many islands. Since it is not hygienically relevant, it is usually not removed. Tourists are informed of this issue by signs in the kitchens and bathrooms of their hotel rooms.
 
22
Today a terrestrial origin is assumed to be more likely.
 
23
Robert Lucius (1835–1914), later ennobled Baron of Ballhausen, medical doctor and Prussian politician. From 1879 to 1890 he was the Prussian Minister of Agriculture and close friend of Otto von Bismarck.
 
24
Geheimrat is the contemporary title of a senior civil servant.
 
25
Max Cornelius (1837–1925), senior civil servant in the Ministry of Agriculture (Domain Department)
 
26
Hidde Petrus Nicolaas Halbertsma (1853–1929), Dutch engineer, worked and lived in both the Netherlands and Germany, built several water towers of which some still exist
 
27
Probably a contemporary proverb
 
28
This would roughly be equal to €110.000 today.
 
29
Darg is peat-dominated soil.
 
30
Herzberg uses the outdated term “Schliefsand”, which describes a loose, very fine sand.
 
31
Fig. 2 is the original Figure 931 redrawn.
 
32
Joseph König (1843–1930), Professor at Münster University, one of the founding fathers of food chemistry in Germany. Published an influential multi-volume book on the “Chemistry of human food”
 
33
Lead white is a white pigment (2 PbCO3·Pb(OH)2) which turns black when exposed to sulphide.
 
34
Prof. Dr. Alexander Herzfeld (1854–1928), director of the sugar industry institute, Berlin.
 
35
Fig. 3 is the original Figure 932 redrawn.
 
36
Today, most textbooks assume a seawater density of 1.025 kg/m3 and thus h = 40·t.
 
37
A similar event on Norderney 1908/1909 was discussed by Keilhack (1912); see also Houben and Post (2017).
 
38
Heligoland (Fig. 1). In fact, the core of Heligoland is mostly composed of consolidated Triassic Bunter sandstone.
 
39
A steam-operated piston-less pump patented in 1872 by the American Charles Henry Hall that soon became popular in Europe due to its simplicity and ability to pump viscous and turbid fluids.
 
40
Heinrich (or C. Hermann?) Söhren (?1921), engineer, director of the municipal gas, electricity and water supply company of Bonn, deputy chairman of DVGW
 
41
A town in the Netherlands, Halbertsma designed its water supply, including a water tower, in 1888.
 
42
Journal für Gasbeleuchtung und Wasserversorgung 1892, No. 34
 
43
Probably due to disposal of liquid wastes from potash mining, still a problem in the Elbe catchment today.
 
44
Refers to bottled mineral waters. Selters, from the town of the same name in Germany, is still available.
 
45
Theodor Stang (1836–1919), Norwegian engineer, director of the dune water supply company of the Hague, Netherlands (1874–1915) and opponent of the views of Badon Ghijben and Pennink
 
46
Historic term for Quaternary (post-glacial) river deposits
 
47
Historic term for Pleistocene (glacial) deposits
 
48
Baurat Dr. F. Scheelhaase, director of the municipal water supply company of Frankfurt, pioneer of artificial groundwater recharge in Germany
 
49
Kiel Canal, built 1887–1895, connects North Sea at Brunsbüttel (Fig. 1) to Baltic Sea at Kiel-Holtenau (98 km)
 
50
Geheimer Hofrat, contemporaray title of a senior civil servant
 
51
Hans Bunte (1848–1925), German chemist/physicist, professor at Karlsruhe University, pioneer of heating and gas research, chairman and general secretary of DVGW, editor of the journal at the time of Herzberg’s publication
 
52
Actually, it is the water molecules that move to the sides with high-salinity.
 
53
Actually, it is the water molecules that move to the sides with high-salinity.
 
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Anonymous (1890) Norderney (Wasserversorgung und Kanalisation) [Norderney (water supply and sewage network)]. Journal für Gasbeleuchtung und Wasserversorgung 33(13):252–253 Anonymous (1890) Norderney (Wasserversorgung und Kanalisation) [Norderney (water supply and sewage network)]. Journal für Gasbeleuchtung und Wasserversorgung 33(13):252–253
Zurück zum Zitat Drabbe J, Badon Ghijben W (1888/1889) Nota in verband met de voorgenomen putboring nabij Amsterdam [Note concerning the intended well drilling near Amsterdam]. Tijdschrift van het Koninklijk Instituut van Ingenieurs, The Hague, The Netherlands. Verhandelingen: 8–22 Drabbe J, Badon Ghijben W (1888/1889) Nota in verband met de voorgenomen putboring nabij Amsterdam [Note concerning the intended well drilling near Amsterdam]. Tijdschrift van het Koninklijk Instituut van Ingenieurs, The Hague, The Netherlands. Verhandelingen: 8–22
Zurück zum Zitat Herzberg A (1888) Erläuterungs-Bericht zum Entwässerungs- und Wasserversorgungs-Projekt des Inseldorfes Nordeney [Explanatory report on the dewatering and water supply project of the island village Norderney]. Rep. 16/3, no. 1212, Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv, Aurich, The Netherlands Herzberg A (1888) Erläuterungs-Bericht zum Entwässerungs- und Wasserversorgungs-Projekt des Inseldorfes Nordeney [Explanatory report on the dewatering and water supply project of the island village Norderney]. Rep. 16/3, no. 1212, Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv, Aurich, The Netherlands
Zurück zum Zitat Herzberg, A. (1901) Die Wasserversorgung einiger Nordseebäder [The water supply of some North Sea spas]. Journal für Gasbeleuchtung und Wasserversorgung 44:815–819, 45:842–844; Munich (Oldenbourg). 53 Herzberg, A. (1901) Die Wasserversorgung einiger Nordseebäder [The water supply of some North Sea spas]. Journal für Gasbeleuchtung und Wasserversorgung 44:815–819, 45:842–844; Munich (Oldenbourg). 53
Zurück zum Zitat Houben G, Post VEA (2017) The first field-based descriptions of pumping-induced saltwater intrusion and upconing. Hydrogeol J 25:243–247CrossRef Houben G, Post VEA (2017) The first field-based descriptions of pumping-induced saltwater intrusion and upconing. Hydrogeol J 25:243–247CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Keilhack K (1912) Lehrbuch der Grundwasser- und Quellenkunde [Textbook of groundwater and spring science], 1st edn. Borntraeger, Berlin Keilhack K (1912) Lehrbuch der Grundwasser- und Quellenkunde [Textbook of groundwater and spring science], 1st edn. Borntraeger, Berlin
Metadaten
Titel
Annotated translation of “Die Wasserversorgung einiger Nordseebäder [The water supply of some North Sea spas]” by Alexander Herzberg (1901)
verfasst von
Georg Houben
Publikationsdatum
07.05.2018
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Hydrogeology Journal / Ausgabe 6/2018
Print ISSN: 1431-2174
Elektronische ISSN: 1435-0157
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-018-1772-8

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 6/2018

Hydrogeology Journal 6/2018 Zur Ausgabe