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2021 | Buch

Introduction Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Antenna Design Challenges and Future Directions for Modern Transportation Market

verfasst von: Moh Chuan Tan, Dr. Minghui Li, Dr. Qammer H. Abbasi, Prof. Muhammad Ali Imran

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Buchreihe : SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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SUCHEN

Über dieses Buch

This book is focused on wireless infrastructure deployment in modern transportation markets, where the wireless infrastructure co-exists with the existing structure. It details the challenges this deployment may face and explores the mitigation measures to overcome the challenges.

The book proposes a smart antenna structure to overcome airspace congestion, which improves the overall wireless performance and deployment cost. With the combination of practical know-how and theoretical estimation, this book provides insight on how the modern smart antenna techniques that support most cutting-edge wireless technology can be adopted into the existing infrastructure whilst minimising the distraction to the existing system.

This book is suitable for industrial and academic researchers, practising engineers within the field of smart antennae, and wireless infrastructure designers and developers.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
The good commuting experience in the transportation sector is not only measured by the affordability of the transportation cost and the conveniences in term of the transportation networks and infrastructure framework that allow committers to reach out to every destinations within the city conveniently, ability to provide a good communication infrastructure in the transportation sector for infotainment is also a key area that is highly demanded in the modern digital world. Thanks to the advancement in the internet technology that supported by highly reliable wireless infrastructure such as Long Term Evolution (LTE), Fifth Generation Wireless (5G), 802.11ac and 802.11ax standards that have incorporated Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technologies to improve the throughput and reliability performance of the wireless infrastructure. In addition, internet-enabled devices such as smartphone, internet of thing (IoT) sensors and personal digital assistant (PDA) have further pushed the mobile broadband application to the next high. Various mobile related applications have been made available such as video streaming, internet conferencing, mobile gaming, social networking applications etc.
Moh Chuan Tan, Minghui Li, Qammer H. Abbasi, Muhammad Ali Imran
Chapter 2. Wireless Infrastructure in the Transportation Market and the Challenges
Abstract
As the wireless technology emerges, sending the big amount of data from mobile terminals over the wireless infrastructure to the backend server becomes possible, this has created a lot of opportunity in digital data mining, migration from analog system to digital system and automates partial of the operations and control via wireless infrastructures, this is in line with the local government initiative to promote the smart, connected and sustainable smart city. This has improved the operations of the local industries such as transportation, factory automation, autonomous vehicles, city surveillance etc. Among all, the transportation section has benefited most due to the nature that the automotive vehicles are physically isolated from the ground system and the only mode of communication is via wireless.
Moh Chuan Tan, Minghui Li, Qammer H. Abbasi, Muhammad Ali Imran
Chapter 3. State-of-the-Art Antenna System
Abstract
Many research works have been carried out in the beamforming and smart antenna related area, In this book, we are focusing our resources in 3 areas, (i) the smart antenna system, (ii) the phased antenna array and, (iii) the single antenna element that formed the phased antenna array.
Moh Chuan Tan, Minghui Li, Qammer H. Abbasi, Muhammad Ali Imran
Chapter 4. Designing the Smart Antenna System
Abstract
This section will run through the necessary steps towards designing the smart antenna system, starting from the type of antenna element selection, single element design with enhanced operating bandwidth, gain and parameters optimisation, followed by the ground plane simulation to identify the ground plane effect, the best elements separation can be determined so that the optimum gain, beamwidth and sidelobe performance can be achieved. Following next is to combine the vertical elements into a single feeding port via the microstrip feeding network, the elements are arranged symmetrically to form a linear array with 4 RF ports that allow beamforming function to take place. 3 types of arrays 1 × 4, 2 × 4 and 4 × 4 were designed.
Moh Chuan Tan, Minghui Li, Qammer H. Abbasi, Muhammad Ali Imran
Chapter 5. Antenna Array Prototyping and Experimental Evaluation
Abstract
The antennas were fabricated using the commercially available PCB fabrication technique.
Moh Chuan Tan, Minghui Li, Qammer H. Abbasi, Muhammad Ali Imran
Chapter 6. Evaluation of the 360° Antenna Systems
Abstract
The beamforming performances of the 1 × 4, 2 × 4 and 4 × 4 arrays will be covered in this section, including the results for both simulation and experimental measurement, the simulation was done using the CST simulation tools and the measurements are carried out using the measurement topology explained earlier. To the end of this section, we have included the construction method for the 360° beamforming antenna structure and presented a table to highlight the advantages of the proposed pre-configurable antenna structure over the related state-of-the-art antennas that have the same 360° steering coverage.
Moh Chuan Tan, Minghui Li, Qammer H. Abbasi, Muhammad Ali Imran
Chapter 7. Conclusions and Future Directions
Abstract
The advancement of IoT has enabled the various type of sensors onboard the vehicles, the most relevant to automotive sensors such as GPS, accelerometer, gyroscope or magnetometer which can be easily integrated into communication gateway or commercially available as off the shelf standalone module. Such sensors may already be available in many of the vehicles in the public transportation sector. With the aids of sensors, we believe the beamforming will no longer need to act alone.
Moh Chuan Tan, Minghui Li, Qammer H. Abbasi, Muhammad Ali Imran
Metadaten
Titel
Antenna Design Challenges and Future Directions for Modern Transportation Market
verfasst von
Moh Chuan Tan
Dr. Minghui Li
Dr. Qammer H. Abbasi
Prof. Muhammad Ali Imran
Copyright-Jahr
2021
Electronic ISBN
978-3-030-61581-9
Print ISBN
978-3-030-61580-2
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61581-9

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