Application of the SWAT Model for Water Components Separation in Iran

verfasst von: Majid Hosseini, Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf

Verlag: Springer Japan

Buchreihe : Springer Hydrogeology

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

Water balance studies for large and small river basins are the subject of this book. Here, the specific focus is on the soil and water assessment tools (SWAT) model coupled with geographic information system (GIS) remote sensing data for a comprehensive study. Some books available in the market provide an overview of different hydrological models for water balance but not specifically for the SWAT model. This book effectively utilizes the SWAT model to study the water balances in small and large catchments with consistent competence and excellent accuracy for yearly and monthly water balance modules along with suspended sediment yield over several slope classes of the catchments. The approach is new and has been successfully utilized, as discussed in a case study on the Taleghan Catchment in Iran. These implementation models may assist as advantageous techniques for incorporated management of catchments in the direction of sustainable development. This book will help readers who wish to study all the changes related to those in water balances.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Chapter 1. Application of Hydrological Models Related to Land Use Land Cover Change

Abstract

Anthropogenic activities such a clearing tropical forests, adapting subsistence in agriculture, escalating farmland production or growing urban areas and infrastructure change worlds landscape in ubiquitous ways. For the purpose of obtaining fresh water for irrigation, industry and domestic consumption, human activities have changed the natural hydrological cycle. Fertilizers and chemicals directly entering the environment, putting effect on water quality and ecological units. Worldwide water withdrawal is nearly 3900 km³ year⁻¹. Agriculture contributes 85 % of world wide consumption decreasing water table in various regions causing water balance fluctuation. Upper Mississippi River (UMR) basin and river basin in Lowa suggest ancient LULC changes compressed basin scale water balance. Cumulative stream flow trends found better than cumulative precipitation alone. Disturbance in water balance causes the transfer of pollutants to streams and finally to Gulf of Mexico. Influence of land use changes on storm runoff comprised three parts (i) generation of spatially explicit land use scenario (ii) generation of spatially distributed and process based runoff hydrological models (iii) interpretation, demonstration and dissemination of results.

Majid Hosseini, Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf

Chapter 2. Effect of Land Use Changes on Water Balance and Sediment Yield in Iran

Abstract

Land use changes in response to water balance in Iran were studied. About 29 % of total land comprise of agriculture and considered one of most significant economic sector. In northern Iran, Gorganrood, a mountainous catchment comprehensively examined by using WetSpa model which comprises of topography, soil and land use maps to predict discharge hydrographs and spatial distribution of hydrological factors. Deliberated hydrological processes in the model are evapotranspiration, precipitation, depression storage, interception, surface runoff, percolation, interflow, infilteration, ground water flow and water balance in each layer of soil. Response of water balance in soil and water in Kanyanrood catchment, Lake Urmia basin, Karkheh catchment, sedimentations, sub-catchments also mitigated. Different models used in the study also discussed.

Majid Hosseini, Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf

Chapter 3. Application of SWAT Model in Taleghan Catchment

Abstract

In Tehran province of Iran, Taleghan basin is one of subsidiary basin of sefidrood catchment basin consist of 19 subsidiary basins. Each of which reflected as a self regulating hydrological branch. Taleghan catchment alienated into 28 hydrological sub-basins. By using GIS method inclined regions of catchment categorized into five classes. Geology, morphology, climatic conditions, temperature, snow pack, climatic regime, relative humidity, potential evaporation also studied and discussed in this chapter. Soil of Taleghan categorized into 11 classes. Water resources reflected as one of the key resource of providing water for several practices like agriculture, drinking and industry. Three orogenic and tectonic uplifts during Pre-Cambrian (some 350 million years ago), Mesozoic (150 million years ago), and Cenozoic (72 million years ago) Periods have shaped existing structural topographies of the Taleghan Catchment, parting sedimentary and volcanic rock systems in the region.

Majid Hosseini, Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf

Chapter 4. Water Components Separation by SWAT Model in Taleghan, Iran

Abstract

Present case study focus on the facts of hydrological processes influenced by land variations in water supply catchment in Iran. In 2006, Taleghan dam envisioned to be used for multipurpose together with visit refreshment, such activities put much pressure on exploitation of land and water resources in Taleghan catchment. Advantageous technique for incorporated management of catchments in the management of sustainability development is inclusion hydrological model i-e soil and water assessment tool model implementing along with GIS. Study consist of three phases (i) the setup (also indicated as warm-up) phase starting from 1992 up to the end of the year 1994 (three years), (ii) the calibration phase which protracted from the commencement of the year 1995 up to the end of the year 2000 (six years), and (iii) a validation phase initiating from 2001 till the end of the year 2004 (four years). Dry agricultural practices lost their constancy and rigorously dropped as a result and the dry agricultural land regions transformed into virgin acreage.

Majid Hosseini, Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf

Titel: Application of the SWAT Model for Water Components Separation in Iran
verfasst von: Majid Hosseini
Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf
Verlag: Springer Japan
Electronic ISBN: 978-4-431-55564-3
Print ISBN: 978-4-431-55563-6
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55564-3