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2014 | Buch

Physical and Electrical Properties of Graphene Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Applications of Graphene

An Overview

verfasst von: E. L. Wolf

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Buchreihe : SpringerBriefs in Materials

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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SUCHEN

Über dieses Buch

Graphene is presented and analyzed as a replacement for silicon. The Primary focus is on solar cell and CMOS device technologies, with attention to the fabrication methods, including extensions needed, in each case. Specialized applications for graphene within the existing silicon technology are discussed and found to be promising.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Physical and Electrical Properties of Graphene
Abstract
Graphene is the single layer of the graphite crystal, pure covalently bonded carbon in a honeycomb lattice, one atom thick. The single layers can be detached from graphite, and grown by conventional chemical vapor deposition methods.
E. L. Wolf
Chapter 2. Practical Productions of Graphene, Supply and Cost
Abstract
Graphene in small platelets of high aspect ratio is available by chemical exfoliation of graphite, with a variety of methods and a long history. Graphite is a widely available mineral, at a cost between $1.50 and $2.00 per kg, according to “Mineral Commodity Summaries 2013” published by US Department of the Interior and US Geological Survey. (For comparison, the same source estimates indium metal at ~$650 /kg, with a separate estimate for indium tin oxide, ITO, that is deposited on glass to make the leading form of transparent conductor, as $800 /kg.) Typically, however, the exfoliation processes leave nano-platelets of only 100–500 nm lateral extent, single monolayer to tens of monolayers in thickness, with defects primarily, but not entirely, at the edges.
E. L. Wolf
Chapter 3. Solar Cells and Electrodes
Abstract
An important potential application of graphene is as a component of a solar cell. Highly conductive, transparent graphene can serve as one or both electrodes, one of which has to let light into the absorbing region of the device. The photovoltaic action of a solar cell occurs as photo-generated carriers, electrons and holes, are generated in (or flow into) a central region of strong electric field, that sends carriers of opposite charge in opposite directions. In the conventional silicon solar cell, the absorbing regions extend beyond the depletion region, containing the electric field, into the oppositely doped electrode regions, by diffusion lengths L on either side.
E. L. Wolf
Chapter 4. Graphene Logic Devices and Moore’s Law
Abstract
The primary semiconductor device is the field-effect transistor, that has evolved with Moore’s Law and is now produced in large scale, reported as 1018 per year. These devices have a gate-electrode that draws carriers to a channel connecting the source and drain electrodes, in the ON condition of the device. Graphene has good conduction properties suitable for the channel of such devices, but lacks a high resistance state needed to turn the device OFF.
E. L. Wolf
Chapter 5. Niche Applications of Graphene Within Silicon Technology
Abstract
In the previous two chapters we have outlined possible applications of graphene in two leading potential areas, solar cells and switching logic devices. These are arguably the largest applications that graphene might find, but are both only moderately likely to occur with large impact.
E. L. Wolf
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Applications of Graphene
verfasst von
E. L. Wolf
Copyright-Jahr
2014
Electronic ISBN
978-3-319-03946-6
Print ISBN
978-3-319-03945-9
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03946-6

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