Applied Sciences in Graphic Communication and Packaging

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1. Ink and Related Technology

   1. Frontmatter

   2. Synthesis of Acrylate Copolymer Emulsion in the Presence of Macromolecule Emulsifier

      Shuhan Jin, Xiaoyu Li, Haiqiao Wang

      Abstract

      Acrylic emulsion is the most widely used binder in water-based inks due to its low price, safety, resource and energy saving, and environmentally friendly. How to improve the properties of the acrylic emulsion to meet the needs of the practical application has always been an important research topic in this field. In this contribution, a series of acrylate copolymer emulsions were synthetized using binary composite emulsifiers consisting of a macromolecular emulsifier and a regular emulsifier by pre-emulsification technology. Then the effects of regular emulsifier types, neutralizing degree and the dosage of macromolecular emulsifier on properties of the emulsion such as particle size, adhesive force and thermal stability were investigated, which would provide an important guidance for the broad readerships.

   3. Preparation and Characterization of Polyacrylate Emulsion

      Chengfang Wang, Fuqiang Chu

      Abstract

      In this paper, polyacrylate emulsion was prepared by using methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate (BA) as polymerization monomer and acrylic acid (AA) as functional monomer via seed pre-emulsification method. The effects of emulsifier dosage, rotated speed and temperature on the properties of acrylate emulsion were studied. The results showed that the optimum condition was as follows: the emulsifier content was 3%, the pre-emulsification speed was about 480 r/min, the polymerization speed was 250 r/min, the pre-emulsification temperature was about 35 °C, and the reaction temperature was about 80 °C.

   4. Synthesis and Characterization of Acrylic Resin Applied for UV-Curing Conductive Ink

      Ting Mi, Qifeng Chen, Yong Hu, Yu Yang, Guangxue Chen

      Abstract

      With the rapid development of electronic technology, printable electronics guides the development direction of the miniaturization of electronic products, flexibility, environmental protection to electronic equipment. As the key material of printable electronics, it’s practical significance for the development of conductive ink. In general, current conductive ink has some problems such as high sintering temperature and poor adhesion. In order to improve the poor adhesion of conductive ink layer, easy to deinking and other bad mechanical phenomena, this paper prepared acrylic UV curing resin. Water-soluble light-cured acrylic resin with double-bond functional groups was obtained through the reaction of different acrylic monomers with isocyanate. And the influence of reaction conditions on the acrylic resin was analyzed. At last, acrylic resin with an average molecular weight of 7800 was prepared under the condition of 50% solvent, 3% initiator, 2% the dosage of chain transfer agent, the reaction time is 5 h. And the characterization of the isocyanate modified acrylic resin was discussed through Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) etc.

   5. Synthesis of Novel Hyperbranched Polyurethane Acrylate Based on Pentaerythritol

      Yuxiu Wang, Guangxue Chen, Minghui He, Qifeng Chen

      Abstract

      Three generations of hyperbranched polyester polyol were synthesized by the reactions from pentaerythritol (PE) and 2,2-dihydroxy-methyl-propionic acid (DMPA) by melt polycondensation technique. They were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and the results indicated that each had a high degree of branching. Then HBPE-3 was end-caped by urethane acrylate (UA) synthesized from isophorone diisocyanate and (IPDI) and hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) to obtain a novel hyperbranched polyurethane acrylate (HPUA). The structure of it was characterized by FTIR, DSC and TG techniques. The results showed low glass transition temperature (Tg) and good thermal stability. Tg of HBPE-3 was 56.13 °C, HPUA-3 was a kind of semi-crystalline material, its Tg was 35.56 °C, cold crystallization temperature (Tc) 110.92 °C and melting temperature (Tm) 134.74 °C. The introduction of a large number of unsaturated units to the end portion can provide new ideas for the development of new UV-curable materials.

   6. The Study on the Photopolymerization Reaction of UV-LED Inkjet Ink

      Beiqing Huang, Yiran Li, Wan Zhang, Xianfu Wei

      Abstract

      The study on the photopolymerization reaction of UV-LED inkjet ink is very significant in order to improve the curing speed. The effects of the type and content of photoinitiator, the content of pigment and the intensity of light source on the curing speed of yellow UV-LED inkjet ink were studied by the combinative test method between touch method and real-time infrared spectroscopy. Meanwhile, the optimal proportion of photoinitiator was determined by formula experiment, and then, the content of pigment was obtained by combining the color density of ink. The results showed the absorptivity of photoinitiator to the light source of UV-LED and the quantum yield of active species impact seriously the curing speed of ink. The effect of the content of photoinitiator on the reaction speed of photopolymerization exhibited the tendency is fast increase firstly, and then, stabilization, slight decrease finally. The reaction speed of photopolymerization improved with the increase of the intensity of light source. The curing speed of ink decreased with the increase of the content of pigment, and the optimal content was 2–3% under guaranteeing the appropriate color density. The curing speed of yellow UV-LED inkjet ink was the best of all by using photoinitiators ITX, 910 and 819 (the mass ratio is 38:34:29).

   7. Development of Water-Based UV Inks Based on Wood-Based Panel Printing

      Xinya Du, Qifeng Chen, Guangxue Chen

      Abstract

      In this paper, we explore different wetting dispersant (BYK190, BYK193, BYK198), wetting dispersant dosage and the effect of different milling time on the UV printing ink. By studying its curing time, particle size as the performance index, calculate the configuration to meet the requirements of production, and search the superior performance of UV ink formula. First, the red, yellow, blue, and black pigment use four different BYK dispersant (BYK190, BYK193, BYK198) (Yang in Printing Technol 21(7):79–81, 2014, [1]) for grinding in 2, 4, 6, and 8 h to take on curing time, particle size. They respectively were determined to find out the different types of ink the best condition to the production of wetting dispersant type and the best milling time. Finally, to explore the best wetting dispersant dosage, adding dispersant dosage is 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1%, and then to make particle size, curing time, etc., so as to find the most superior performance meeting the requirements of production and the best water-borne UV ink formula.

   8. Coloring of Aluminum Powder Based on Double-Layer Coated Waterborne Silver Ink

      Zhengneng Wu, Shisheng Zhou, Wenlong Zhao, Bin Du, Yan Zhang, Shangjie Jiang, Bin Deng

      Abstract

      In this paper, the double-layer coated colored aluminum powder was created by sol-gel and in situ polymerization methods, considered the addition order of the phthalocyanine blue. One is coloring when monolayer coated, the other is coloring when double coated, respectively. To analyze the effects of color and corrosion resistance on the two-layer coated aluminum powder, SEM and EDS analysis were used, and the results showed that double coated coloring is the best. The optimum reaction conditions were set as follows: MMA, 0.35 g, temperature, 85 °C, reaction time, 4 h, phthalocyanine blue, 3.0 g.

   9. Preparation of Low Temperature Expandable Microspheres and Its Application in Foaming Ink

      Meijuan Cao, Zhicheng Sun, Guangwen Bin, Qing Xia, Luhai Li, Jianhua Li, Hongjuan Li

      Abstract

      The thermally expandable microspheres were prepared through suspension polymerization methods with acrylonitrile (AN), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and methyl acrylate (MA) as monomers. In addition, the research on the morphology and thermal performance of microspheres showed that the expandable microspheres had a higher expansion ratio and the initial expansion temperature was fairly low. The physical foaming ink was prepared using microspheres with a certain proportion. The ink was transferred to three kinds of printing substrates including non-woven fabric, coated paper and aluminum foil paper by screen printing. As well, several effective factors were investigated, such as the relationship between printing substrates and foaming heights, the foaming height variation with the temperature, and the color characteristics before or after ink foaming. Through the above research, the three-dimensional printing products with high saturation color effects on the flexible substrate are obtained.

   10. The Study on Color Reproduction of Fluorescent Inkjet Ink

       Lili Wang, Wan Zhang, Beiqing Huang, Xianfu Wei, Xiaotong Xiong, Lu Zhang

       Abstract

       At present, the fluorescent ink has been widely used in security printing and packaging, as well as the interior. However, in view of the fluorescent ink color control is still lack of perfect standard, even for basic information collection of fluorescent ink color piece have no standard test method, which hindered the development of fluorescent ink. In early, we have realized the fluorescent ink jet ink printing output. The paper makes a further study on the printing methods and color test methods of fluorescent inkjet ink. First, we design different ladder color patch and print proof, choose RF-5301PC and PR-655 for color block information acquisition and compare the test precision. Using self-developed dot coordinate software and dot trapping software (Photoshop) respectively print proofs, and analyze color reproduction ability of the two kinds. Finally, we explore the influence of different substrates on the color reproduction range of fluorescent ink. The experimental results show that the PR-655 is more accurate than the RF-5301PC. Since the ink layer for inkjet printing is thin, the dot trapping and dot coordinate have little difference with the same amount of ink output. The performance parameters of the paper have a significant effect on the color reproduction of the UV fluorescent inkjet ink.

   11. Extraction of Natural Pigment from Purple Potato in Preparation of Edible Ink

       Guhong Liu, Qifeng Chen, Guangxue Chen

       Abstract

       Natural pigment is safe and non-toxic, and the pigment in purple potatoes is bright in color, which is a good material to produce edible ink. This paper reported a green method of extracting the pigment of purple potatoes and produced edible ink with it. The optimum condition of extracting pigment was obtained by varying ethanol concentrations, feed liquid ratios, extraction times and temperatures. The obtained pigment was characterized by spectrophotometer. The result showed that the edible ink was in good color on paper, biscuits and bread and the light could make it fade in a short time.

   12. The Preparation and Characterization of Water-Based Pigment Paste

       Xitong Mao, Xiulan Xin, Baocai Xu, Bin Li, Shukai Huang, Peng Wang

       Abstract

       The different water-based pigment paste was prepared using copper phthalocyanine blue pigment and dispersion resin, the influences of different pre-dispersion speed on dispersion of pigment paste were also investigated. And the characterization of the different pastes was investigated by rheology behavior, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively. The results showed that the results measured by dynamic light scattering the best dispersion of the pigment paste was made when the pre-dispersion speed at 1000 rpm. But the results evaluated by rheology behavior showed that the best dispersion was when the pre-dispersion speed at 1500 rpm. Then the additional technique such as scanning electron microscopy was employed for proofing of pigment pastes. The SEM images of different samples are compared, and it is found that when the pre-dispersion speed at 1500 rpm, the pigment paste samples with good dispersion. Based on the results from different assessment methods, the pigment paste with best dispersion were prepared when pre-dispersion speed at 1500 rpm.

   13. The Effect of Grinding Conditions on Disperse Particle Size of Ultrafine Organic Pigment Water-Based Dispersion System

       Qichao Hou, Mengmeng Liang, Zhenguo Wang, Ruping Liu, Luhai Li

       Abstract

       In recent years, with the gradual emphasis on environmental protection, more and more extensive attention has been paid to the water-based ink in the market. The dispersion of organic pigments has been a key part of the research of water-based pigment inks. In the use of organic pigments, the pigment must be effectively dispersed, so that it has a fine and uniform particle size distribution and finally forming a stable dispersion system. The dispersion effect of the pigment is determined by many factors. In this paper, the effect of grinding speed, grinding time and the mass ratio between grinding medium and ink slurry on the dispensability of organic pigment yellow 100 was studied mainly from the viewpoint of the grinding process conditions. It is found that the particle size of the pigment decreases first and then increases with the increase of the grinding speed. When the rotational speed is 3100–3200 r/min, the average particle size reaches the minimum of 278 nm. Besides, the particle size of the pigment decreases first and then hold steady with the increase of the grinding time. When the grinding time is 1 h, the average particle size is the smallest. Furthermore, the particle size of the pigment decreases first and then increases with the increase of the mass ratio between grinding medium and base ink. When the mass ratio is 2, the particle size is the smallest and the dispersion effect is the best.

   14. Research of Wax Additives in the Water-Based Ink for Flexographic Printing

       Yun Ouyang, Weiguang Feng, Zhiyong Sun, Xiaoli Liu, Shuangyang Li, Pengfei Zhao, Wei Lv, Xue Gao, Jingjing Zhang

       Abstract

       Effect of three types of wax additives in the water-based ink is discussed, which are wax emulsion, micro-wax dispersions and wax dispersions. Softening point and particle size of wax are mainly studied on the ink’s performances, such as gloss, friction resistance and rub resistance. The result shows that ink added WE3 which is micro-wax dispersions has good performance, and has best performance on the BOPP film while added 3 wt%.

   15. Research of Cigarette Packaging Printing Ink Without Phthalate Plasticizer

       Yun Gong, Shubao Zhou, Heng Xu, Jinghuan Ge, Lin Jin, Jie Pan

       Abstract

       Since the forbidden of phthalate plasticizer, the folding quality of the printed products was sharply decreased. In this article, with the addition of food grade of plasticizer,the folding quality of printed products was enhanced,but the toughness was insufficient and the cost was high. On the other hand, using thermoplastic resin as the main body of the ink, the folding quality was greatly improved, but the tack is higher and difficult to dry in the process of printing. Combined two methods together is a suitable solution that the cigarette packaging printing ink meet the standards of tobacco, printing and packaging industry was successfully obtained, as well the folding quality and critical ink performance was similar to the phthalate plasticizer printing ink, without obvious cost increase.

   16. Preparation of X-ray Developing Screen Printing Ink

       Yonghao Xiao, Jia Yan, Kun Hu, Shun Pan, Caixia Du, Xi Li, Yen Wei, Luhai Li

       Abstract

       Recently, the incidence of cardiovascular disease, which is mainly represented by myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction, is increasing, the corresponding surgical also showed an upward trend. Only X-ray irradiation could not accurately determine the location of the three-dimensional position of the patient, which would cause some difficulties in the efficiency of surgery and the implants continued positioning. Screen printing with a wide range of applications, ink layer coverage, cheap, easy to control the characteristics of technology, can be widely used in various fields. This experiment focuses on the development of an ink using for screen printing which could be developed under X-ray. And this ink could be applied for medical measurement tape, so as to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the operation.

   17. Ultraviolet Curing Kinetics of Epoxy Resin in UV-Curing Reaction Photopolymerization with Real-Time Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

       Lu Zhang, Xianfu Wei, Beiqing Huang, Lili Wang, Xiaotong Xiong

       Abstract

       The photo-induced curing kinetics of cationic UV curing of epoxy resin were investigated with real-time Fourier transform infrared (RT/FT-IR) spectroscopy with an optical fiber ultraviolet curing system. The consumption of epoxy group as a function of time was obtained by monitoring of the oxirane absorbance in the 795–824 cm⁻¹ region. A spiro orthocarbonate expanding monomer 3,9-diethyl-3,9-dihydroxymethyl-1,5,7,11-tetraoxa-spiro[5.5]undecane was added to UV curing molding material of 3D printing in different mounts. As a result, when the content of the expanded monomer is increased from 0.5 to 2.0 wt%, conversion rate increased from the original 95–98%, when the amount of expanded monomer is 0.5%, the relative reaction rate of the system achieve the highest.

   18. The Adhesive for the Production of High Strength Composite Corrugated Board

       Qinghua Gao, Junyan Huang, Huizhong Zhang

       Abstract

       To study the adhesive effects on the strength of core paper of high strength composite corrugated board, cassava starch adhesive, water glass binder, CP-88, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate adhesive were prepared for adhesive of composite core paper. The comparative performance tests were conducted including the edgewise/flat crush resistance. Environmental-friendly modified water glass binder adhesive was more suitable for composite core paper.