Applied Sciences in Graphic Communication and Packaging

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1. Novel Functional Material Technology

   1. Frontmatter

   2. Effects of Different Zeolites on Poly(L-Lactide) Thermal Degradation

      Yuhua Hao, Zhen Huang

      Abstract

      A comparison study has been made on thermal degradation of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) to investigate the influences of two different zeolites filled through thermogravimetric analysis. Non-isothermal degradation measurements are conducted at a N₂ flow rate of 30 ml/min along with a constant heating rate of 5–30 K/min. The thermal degradation features of PLLA/zeolite composites are compared in terms of some specific degradation temperatures. With the selected kinetic method, the activation energy E _a values of two different zeolite-filled composites have been calculated. Calculation results indicated that the zeolite addition has rendered PLLA more thermally stable, requiring higher E _a values for thermal degradation. ZSM-5 zeolite has shown higher effect on PLLA thermal properties than Hβ zeolite.

   3. Utilization of Smart Nanomaterials for Fruit Fresh Keeping

      Zuguang Shen, Guangxue Chen, Linjin Chen, Linyi Chen, Zhaohui Yu

      Abstract

      This research reported the fresh-keeping effectivity of smart nanomaterials for bananas and kiwis. The fresh-keeping gas, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), was loaded in self-assembled nano microballoon of cyclodextrin. The amount of 1-MCP in the nano microballoon was detected by TG, and the amount of 1-MCP was up to 2 wt%. 1-MCP released much faster when the microballons were dealt with water than in the air, and it needed about 8 days for the complete release of 1-MCP in water, while it only released 0.3% under 74% air humidity after 25 days. The nano microballoons were added into printing ink uniformly, and then printed on the surface of cartons. The medium-well fruit without any treatment for fresh keeping was picked from orchard, and the fresh-keeping measure was conducted in daily environment. The storage time of kiwis in common carton was about 6 days, while the time can be prolonged to 23 days in fresh-keeping carton. And the storage time of bananas in fresh-keeping box was 5 times to that in common box, where the bananas can be stored for 5 days.

   4. Synthesis and Mesophases Study on 2-Hexylhexanoate-3,6,7,10,11-Pentabutoxytriphenylene

      Huanzhi Yang, Zhenghu Zhang, Wanying Zhang, Xingtian Hao, Feng Hong, Chunxiu Zhang, Jialing Pu

      Abstract

      The target product 2-hexylhexanoate-3,6,7,10,11-pentabutoxytriphenylene based molecules was synthesized and characterized. Several known experimental techniques had been used to determine the chemical structure, physical mesophase behavior of the compounds, by FT-IR spectroscopy, ¹H-NMR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarizing optical microscopy (POM). By π-π stacking and dipole-dipole interaction, this compound can self-organize into columnar structures, providing useful information to organic optoelectronic applications.

   5. Synthesis and Property Study of 2-Undecenoic Acid Ester-3,6,7,10,11-Penta-Pentyloxytri-Phenylene

      Zhenhu Zhang, Huanzhi Yang, Wanying Zhang, Chunxiu Zhang, Xingtian Hao, Jialing Pu

      Abstract

      A kind of new triphenylene-based liquid crystal 2-undecenoate-3,6,7,10,11-pentapentyloxytri-phenylene containing carbon-carbon double bonds was synthesized by esterification. The structure of the compounds was determined via ¹HNMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. The thermal properties of the compound were studied in depth by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) which showed a wide mesophase temperature from 113.8 °C to room temperature. The optical properties of the compound had also been studied by polarized light microscopy (POM) which showed a typical pyramid texture of the columnar phase. The derivative is expected to be used as polymerized monomers for the preparation of liquid crystal polymers via reversible addition chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization.

   6. Study on Conductivity of the Composites of Polyaniline/Nano-Cellulose

      Zhiwei Zhang, Fuqiang Chu

      Abstract

      In this paper, polyaniline was synthesized by chemical oxidation under acidic conditions using ammonium persulfate as oxidant. And then, the polyaniline was doped with a certain concentration of protonic acid to make it conductive. Finally, Nano-Cellulose and polyaniline were combined to obtain composite products with good composite effect and good electrical conductivity. The results shown that the conductivity of the conductive polyaniline was 9.98 S/cm under the optimum experimental condition (reaction temperature was 0 °C, the amount of material APS:AN was 1:1, Hcl concentration was 2 mol/L). The best compound effect was that Nano-Cellulose and polyaniline were mixed by in situ polymerization and ultrasonic treatment of the combined effect and the composite ratio was 3:2.

   7. Preparation of Superhydrophobic Al Alloy for Metal Packaging and Study on Its Corrosion Resistance

      Ting Mi, Qifeng Chen, Xiaohong Pan, Zheng Li, Guangxue Chen

      Abstract

      At present, the studies of stability about aluminum alloy superhydrophobic surfaces are incomplete, the preparation process is required to simplify and the production cost is needed to reduce, it is difficult to obtained with durable microstructure and durable low surface energy materials on superhydrophobic surfaces simultaneously. The chemical and electrochemical methods are intended to construct rough surfaces on aluminum alloy in the paper. We have studied about superhydrophobic stability, the roughness, rough structure, micro-nanostructure arrangement and chemical composition in material surfaces by test equipments, in order to obtain an optimal model of rough structure on aluminium alloy surface. In this study, aluminum alloys with different surface roughness were prepared, then put the same surface coating materials on the aluminum alloy substrates, the corrosion resistance of different surface roughness on aluminum alloys were discussed. The results show that surface roughness increased can improve the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy in weak acid, weak alkaline and salt solutions. When the contact angle is greater than 150°, the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloys has been improved greatly.

   8. Application of Cellulose-Based Solid Acid in Absorption of Heavy Metal Ions from Printing Waste Water

      Feiyun Li, Binshou Wang, Zhiqiang Pang, Zhe Wang, Cuihua Dong

      Abstract

      Traditional printing (lithography, gravure, letterpress, PCB etc.) produce a large of industrial wastewater from washing printing plate, rubber cloth and circuit boards corrosion. These waste water mainly contain copper ion and silver ions, which is difficult to process under acid condition. Taking effective methods to remove the metal ions in waste water has become a hotspot in research. In this paper, cellulose-based solid acid (CCSA) was prepared using microcrystalline cellulose and 98% concentrated sulfuric acid as raw materials. The characterization of CCSA was first analyzed by acid strength and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). Infrared spectrogram display that sulfonic group was successfully connected on cellulose-base. Acid value measurement indicates that the total acidic group of CCSA decline from 1.87 to 1.02 mmol/g with carbonization temperature rise. Subsequently, effects of carbonization temperature on adsorption performance to Cu²⁺ and Ag⁺ were investigated. The result shows that carbonization temperature at 400 °C reach best absorptivity of 80 mg/g (Cu²⁺) and 247 mg/g (Ag⁺) respectively. However, with carbonization temperature rise to 600 °C absorption quantity was just 66 mg/g (Cu²⁺) and 158 mg/g (Ag⁺) respectively.

   9. Research on Creep Resistance of Flexible Pressure Sensor Based on Anhydride Curing Agent

      Fenlan Xu, Zhenguo Wang, Xiuyan Li, Mengmeng Liang, Ruping Liu, Wei Wang, Luhai Li

      Abstract

      In this article, the resistance value of the flexible pressure sensor was measured at the constant temperature and pressure, and combined with anhydride curing agent, a comparative experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of anhydride curing agent on the creep resistance of flexible pressure sensor. The result of experiment showed that the epoxy resin and the anhydride proceed the crosslinking reaction after the flexible pressure sensor was added to the anhydride curing agent. The network structure was formed, the volume of the polymer was reduced, the hardness was increased, and the resistance creep performance was increased. In addition, the result of creep test showed that the content of curing agent and curing temperature had a significant influence on the creep resistance of the sensor.

   10. Thiol-ene Michael Addition Reaction Under Phototriggered Base Proliferation

       Xiaoyuan Guan, Guangxue Chen, Rui Guo, Zhaohui Yu, Minghui He

       Abstract

       Free radical reaction of thiol-ene photo click reaction is not ideal click chemistry type, there is monomer homopolymerization and low monomer conversion existing, as well as uncontrollable, it is difficult to obtain the target product. In this paper, the phototriggered base proliferation and UV photopolymerization were introduced into thiol-ene reaction. We synthesized photobase generator 2-(2-nitrophenyl) propyl oxycarbonyl-hexylamine (NPPOC-HA) and amine amplifier. NPPOC-HA has UV absorption above 300 nm, and photolysis products are amine and styrene, no free radical produced. Next, we used phototriggered amine proliferation initiated via UV light to control the thiol-ene click reaction, reducing side effects. RTIR was adopted to monitor infrared absorption peaks change of –SH and –C=C, integrating peak area to verify the equal proportion reaction of thiol-ene. UV phototriggered base proliferation reaction, which integrated the safety and strong penetrating ability of UV photopolymerization as well as Domino free radical photopolymerization based on phototriggered base proliferation reaction, is expected to expand the application of thiol-ene Michael addition reaction.

   11. Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Benzoperylene and Coronene Derivatives

       Qi Zhu, Jialing Pu, Guangxue Chen

       Abstract

       Novel “swallow tail” N-substituted benzo[ghi]perylene monoimides (BPI) and coronene diimides (COI) have been efficiently synthesized via Diels-Alder reaction. UV–vis spectra of BPI and COI show the representative absorption bands from 300 to 500 nm, and have obviously blue shifted absorption compared to that of PET. The analysis of DSC and POM revealed the existence of hexagonal columnar of PET and COI. With “swallow tail” alkyl chains, BPI have lower melt points and COI have lower liquid crystal region.

   12. Preparation and Characterization of Cross-Linked Chlorinated Polystyrene Microspheres

       Ruixia Duan, Jinzhou Chen, Guandong Hou, Jianxiang Ke

       Abstract

       The research and application of polymer microspheres have developed very fast in recent years. Especially the polymer microsphere with large size has been widely applied in many fields, such as standard measurement, information, medicine, immunity, biochemistry etc. Meanwhile, cross-linked mono-disperse microspheres are of more extensive application prospect, because of their good adsorption properties, mechanical properties. The topic of this thesis, belonging to the field of polymer microspheres, is about the preparation of 30–50 μm cross-linked chlorinated polystyrene microspheres. Adopting the method between dispersion polymerization and suspension polymerization, PS, CMS as the monomers, AIBN as initiator, DVB as cross-linker, ethanol and water as the reaction medium, cross-linked chlorinated polystyrene microspheres can be prepared. Then the microspheres were detected by infrared and the morphology was observed by SEM. Through the polymerization parameters on particle size and size distribution of the study, this issue determines a recommended formula for 30–50 μm cross-linked chlorinated polystyrene microspheres.

   13. Preparation of Hydrogel Material for 3D Bioprinting

       Jia Yan, Yonghao Xiao, Kun Hu, Shun Pan, Yulong Wang, Baojian Zheng, Yen Wei, Luhai Li

       Abstract

       Hydrogel is a kind of three-dimensional network polymer formed by chemical bond or physical cross-linking. It is widely used in the field of biomaterial because of its good biocompatibility. In this experiment, a gel-based composite material for 3D bioprinting was prepared using hyaluronic acid-methyl cellulose (HAMC) gel as carrier and nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen (nHAC). The effects of gel formulation on gel process were analyzed by in vitro gel test, rheological analysis, in vitro degradation and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that HAMC with different mineralized collagen concentration could be rapidly gelatinized at 37 °C within 3 min. The rheological experiments showed that the HAMC-mineralized collagen had shear thinning properties suitable for 3D bioprinting. The results showed that the degradation rate was similar in the first 10 days, but the degradation rate was slower with the increase of mineralized collagen concentration. The porous structure and high porosity of the hydrogel were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The porous structure of the cross-linked sample was better.

   14. Study on DDSA Modified Guar Gum Used as the Retention and Drainage Did in Reconstituted Tobacco Pulp

       Nan Li, Guangxue Chen, Wei Chen, Xiaofang Wan

       Abstract

       Recently, reconstituted tobacco sheets (RTS) have played an increasingly significant role in treat and reuse tobacco waste in industry. In this paper, dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA) and catalyst tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) was used to modify guar gum in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmin]Cl). The modified guar gum exhibited good retention and drainage properties in reconstituted tobacco pulp. The characterization analysis of the modified guar gum was performed using Fourier Transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. While keeping other factors the same, the effects of the shear rate, amounts of guar gum dodecenyl succinate and pH on the first-pass retention (FPR) of reconstituted tobacco pulp were evaluated. It was found that, the optimal shear rate condition is 500–750 r/min and the FPR of tobacco reconstituted pulp could reach the maximum improvement of 74% when the dosage of guar gum succinate (GGS) was 0.6 mg per g oven dry pulp. In addition, excellent retention performance could be observed between pH 7 and 8. The results of this study showed that the modified guar gum could be used as a useful retention and drainage aid in reconstituted tobacco pulp.

   15. Adhesion Improvement of Rice Straw Particleboards by Chemical Pre-treatment

       Peng Luo, Chuanmin Yang, Denghui Zhao, Xiaojuan Lu, Yuanming Wang

       Abstract

       The main objective of this study was to investigate the potential of rice straws as an alternative to wood particle to produce particleboards. As surfaces of rice straws were covered with smooth, water-repellent silica layers and wax, rice straw particleboards made with conventional water-borne resins exhibited poor mechanical properties and dimensional stability. In this study, rice straws were chemically pretreated with alkali, acid/alkali, and acid/alkali/H₂O₂, respectively. The effects of the three different chemical pretreatments on the performance of resulting particleboards were investigated. The mechanical properties of panels increased as a result of chemical pretreatment, indicating the chemical pretreatments were effective in improving performance of the rice straw particleboards. Among all chemical pretreatment processes, acid/alkali/H₂O₂ pretreatment was most effective in improving properties of the rice straw particleboards.

   16. Preparation of Super-Hydrophobic Cotton Fabric with Crosslinkable Fluoropolymer

       Yaling Ma, Congjun Cao, Chengmin Hou

       Abstract

       Super-hydrophobic surfaces have been widely used in various fields because of its self-cleaning performance. In this study, high fluorine-containing esters and epoxy-containing esters were used to improve the hydrophobicity and durability of cotton textile substrates. The random block fluoropolymer PGMA- r-PDFMA was synthesized in one step by using conventional free radical polymerization of dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate (DFMA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). And then the cotton fabric was soaked in the solution of the polymer to graft the polymer to build super-hydrophobic surface. The results show that the modified cotton textile has better hydrophobic effect and the water contact angle reaches 163°.

   17. Research of Graphene Preparation Methods

       Xiaotong Xiong, Beiqing Huang, Xianfu Wei, Lili Wang, Lu Zhang

       Abstract

       Oxidation-reduction method and liquid-phase exfoliation method are common methods for production of graphene sheets. To explore the two kinds of preparation methods, using liquid-phase exfoliation method to product graphene sheets compare the characterization with the graphene obtained by oxidation-reduction method. On this basis, we research the graphene dispersion’s stability and concentration which prepared by liquid-phase exfoliation in different organic solvents. The experiment results express that graphene prepared by liquid-phase exfoliation has better slice layer structure, molecular structure contains less defects and oxygen-containing groups, graphene layer spacing is relatively wide, thermal stability is better. The graphene concentration of the dispersion in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone is as high as 0.15 mg/mL, also has a decent stability, which allows this method to easily produce films and composites for a range of applications.