Skip to main content
Fachgebiete
Automobil + Motoren Bauwesen + Immobilien Business IT + Informatik Elektrotechnik + Elektronik Energie + Nachhaltigkeit Finance + Banking Management + Führung Marketing + Vertrieb Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe Versicherung + Risiko
DE
EN
Bücher
Zeitschriften
Themenseiten
Organisationspsychologie Projektmanagement Marketing Smart Manufacturing
Weitere Formate
Podcasts Webinare Technik Webinare Wirtschaft Kongresse Veranstaltungskalender Awards
Jetzt Einzelzugang starten
Zugang für Unternehmen
Referenzkunden
SLX-Digitalkonferenz: Zukunftswerkstatt 2024

Mehr Umsatz mit Top-Kontakten

Am 7. Mai erfahren Sie, wie Vertriebsteams Leadgenerierung, Leadnurturing und Leadstrategien effizient steuern können.
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Erschienen in:
General Considerations Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2013 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

6. Applying the Techniques on Materials II

verfasst von : Nick Schiavon, Vasilios Melfos, Reiner Salzer, Renate Lunkwitz, K. Chrysafis, P. Spathis, D. Merachtsaki, K. Triantafyllidis, P. Giannakoudakis, P. Xidas, Giovanni Ettore Gigante, Stefano Ridolfi, R. Lahoz, L. A. Angurel, U. Brauch, L. C. Estepa, G. F. de la Fuente Leis

Erschienen in: Conservation Science for the Cultural Heritage

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Back-scattered Scanning Electron Microscopy (BSEM) has been used to identify weathering mechanisms occurring in two oolitic limestones from urban areas in London and Cambridge, United Kingdom. From a petrographical point of view, the two stones can be described as oosparite and oomicrite, their main distinctive feature being the crystal size of the cement binding the limestone grains together. The sulphation mechanism, i.e. the replacement of calcium carbonate (calcite: CaCO3) by calcium sulphate dehydrate (gypsum: CaSO4 2H2O), at the surface and within the stone fabric is confirmed as the general decay process. Differences in macroporosity/permeability distribution in the two limestones lead to different weathering patterns. BSEM provides evidence that gypsum patinas still commonly found on limestone facades in polluted urban locations are advancing inside the diseased stone and that their removal is urgently needed to arrest the growth of the in-growing weathering front.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren
Vorheriges Kapitel Applying the Techniques on Materials I
Literatur
1.
Pye K, Schiavon N (1989) Cause of sulphate attack on concrete, render and stone indicated by sulphur isotope ratios. Nature 342(6250):663–664CrossRef
2.
Schiavon N, Zhou L (1996) Magnetic, chemical and microscopical characterization of urban soiling on historical monuments. Environ Sci Technol 30(12):3624–3629. doi:10.​1021/​es9604774 CrossRef
3.
Zappia G, Sabbioni C, Riontino C, Gobbi G, Favoni O (1998) Exposure tests of building materials in urban atmosphere. Sci Total Environ 224:235–244CrossRef
4.
Ausset P, DelMonte M, Lefevre RA (1999) Embryonic sulphated black crusts on carbonate rocks in atmospheric simulation chamber and in the field: role of carbonaceous fly-ash. Atmos Environ 30:1525–1534CrossRef
5.
6.
7.
Bonazza A, Brimblecombe P, Grossi C, Sabbioni C (2007) Carbon in Black Crusts from the Tower of London. Environ Sci Technol 41:4199–4204CrossRef
8.
EU 2008 Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 23 May 2008 on Ambient Air Quality and Cleaner Air for Europe. European Commission, Brussels, Belgium
9.
Viles H, Gorbushina AA (2003) Soiling and microbial colonization on urban roadside limestone: a three year study in Oxford, England. Build Environ 38:1217–1224CrossRef
10.
Torok A (2008) Black crusts on travertine: factors controlling development and stability. Environ Geol 56:583–594CrossRef
11.
DelMonte M, Sabbioni C, Vittori (1984) Urban stone sulphation and oil-fired carbonaceous particles. Sci Total Environ 36:369–376CrossRef
12.
Schiavon N (1991) Gypsum crust growth and stratigraphy in building limestones: a SEM study of stone decay in the UK. In: Baer N, Sabbioni C, Sors AI (eds) Science, technology and the European cultural heritage. Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd, Oxford
13.
Purcell D (1967) Cambridge stone. Faber & Faber Ltd, London
14.
Pingitore NE (1976) Vadose and phreatic diagenesis processes, products and their recognition in corals. J Sediment Pet 46:985–1006
15.
Tziafalias A (1994) Fifteen years of excavations in ancient Larissa. In Decourt J-C, Helly B, Gallis K (eds) La Thessalie. Quinze années de recherches archéologiques, 1975–1990. Bilans et perspectives. TAPA, Athens (in Greek)
16.
Tziafalias A (2009) Ancient Theatre of Larisa? How a dream became reality. In: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on history and culture of Thessaly, Larisa, pp 207–223 (in Greek)
17.
Caputo R, Helly B (2005) Archaeological evidences of past earthquakes: a contribution to the SHA of Thessaly, Central Greece. J Earthq Eng 9:199–222
18.
Caputo R, Hinzen KG, Liberatore D, Schreiber S, Helly B, Tziafalias A (2011) Quantitative archaeoseismological investigation of the Great Theatre of Larissa, Greece. Bull Earthq Eng. doi:10.​1007/​s10518-010-9206-6
19.
Coleman M, Walker S (1979) Stable isotope identification of Greek and Turkish marbles. Archaeometry 21:107–112CrossRef
20.
Herz N (1992) Provenance determination of Neolithic to classical Mediterranean marbles by stable isotopes. Archaeometry 34:185–194CrossRef
21.
Hermann JJ, Barbin V, Mentzos A, Reed R (2000) Architectural decoration and marble from Thasos: Macedonia, central Greece, Campania, and provenance. In: Lazzarini L (ed) Interdisciplinary studies on ancient stone. Bottega D’Erasmo Aldo Ausilio Editore, Padova
22.
Capedri S, Venturelli G (2004) Accessory minerals as tracers in the provenancing of the archaeological marbles, used in combination with isotopic and petrographic data. Archaeometry 46:517–536CrossRef
23.
Maniatis Y, Papadopoulos S, Dotsika E, Kavoussanaki D, Tzavidopoulos E (2009) Provenance investigation of neolithic marble vases from Limeraria, Thassos: imported marble to Thassos? In: Maniatis Y (ed) ASMOSIA VII, proceedings of the 7th international conference of the association for the study of marble and other stones in antiquity. BCH Suppl, Thassos
24.
Maniatis Y, Tambakopoulos D, Dotsika E, Tiveriou-Stephanidou Th (2010) Marble provenance investigation of Roman sarcophagi from Thessaloniki. Archaeometry 52:45–58CrossRef
25.
Al-Naddaf M, Al-Bashaireh K, Al-Waked F (2010) Characterization and provenance of marble Chancel Screens, northern Jordan. Mediterr Archaeol Archaeom 10:75–83
26.
Germann K, Holzmann G, Winkler FJ (1980) Determination of marble provenance: limits of isotopic analyses. Archaeometry 22:99–106CrossRef
27.
Capedri S, Giampiero V, Photiades A (2004) Accessory minerals and δ18O and δ13C marbles from Mediterranean area. J Cult Heritage 5:27–47CrossRef
28.
Melfos V (2004) Mineralogical and stable isotopic study of ancient white marble quarries in Larissa, Thessaly, Greece. Bull Geol Soc Greece XXXVI/3:1164–1172
29.
Melfos V, Voudouris P, Papadopoulou L, Sdrolia S, Helly B (2010) Mineralogical, petrographic and stable isotopic study of ancient white marble quarries in Thessaly, Greece—II. Chasanbali, Tempi, Atrax, Tisaion mountain. Bull Geol Soc Greece XLIII/2:845–855
30.
Melfos V (2008) Green Thessalian Stone: the Byzantine quarries and the use of a unique architecture material from Larisa area, Greece. Petrographic and geochemical characterization. Oxf J Archaeol 27:387–405CrossRef
31.
Craig H, Craig V (1972) Greek marbles: determination of provenance by isotopic analyses. Science 176:401–403CrossRef
32.
Herz N (1987) Carbon and oxygen isotopic ratios: a data base for classical Greek and Roman marble. Archaeometry 29:35–43CrossRef
33.
Salzer R, Lunkwitz R (1998) Diagnose von Bauschäden mittels IR- und Ramanspektroskopie. GDCh-Monographie, Band 11, GDCh Frankfurt
34.
Salzer R, Lunkwitz R et al (1998) Baustoffanalyse mittels Infrarotspektroskopie. Internat Zeitschr Bauinstandsetzen 4:209–232
35.
Genestar C, Pons C (2003) Ancient covering plaster mortars from several convents and Islamic and Gothic palaces in Palma de Mallorca (Spain). Analytical characterisation. J Cult Heritage 4:291–298CrossRef
36.
Biscontin G, Birelli MP, Zendri E (2002) Characterization of binders employed in the manufacture of Venetian historical mortars. J Cult Heritage 3:31–37CrossRef
37.
Moropoulou A, Bakolas A, Bisbikou K (1995) Characterization of ancient, byzantine and later historic mortars by thermal and X-ray diffraction techniques. Thermochim Acta 269(270):779–795CrossRef
38.
Bakolas A, Biscontin G, Contardi V, Franceschi E, Moropoulou A, Palazzi D, Zendri E (1995) Thermoanalytical research on traditional mortars in Venice. Thermochim Acta 269(270):817–828CrossRef
39.
Bakolas A, Biscontin G, Moropoulou A, Zendri E (1998) Characterization of structural byzantine mortars by thermogravimetric analysis. Thermochim Acta 321:151–160CrossRef
40.
Vecchio S, La Ginestra A, Frezza A, Ferragina C (1993) The use of thermoanalytical techniques in the characterization of ancient mortars. Thermochim Acta 227:215–223CrossRef
41.
Xidas PI, Triantafyllidis KS (2010) Effect of the type of alkylammonium ion clay modifier on the structure and thermal/mechanical properties of glassy and rubbery epoxy-clay nanocomposites. Eur Polym J 46:404–417
42.
Yeha J-M, Huanga H-Y, Chena C-L, Sua W-F, Yub Y-H (2006) Siloxane-modified epoxy resin–clay nanocomposite coatings with advanced anticorrosive properties prepared by a solution dispersion approach. Surf Coat Technol 200:2753–2763CrossRef
43.
Hang TTX, Truc TA, Nam TH, Oanh VK, Jorcin J-B, Pébère N (2007) Corrosion protection of carbon steel by an epoxy resin containing organically modified clay. Surf Coat Technol 201:7408–7415CrossRef
44.
Allie L, Thorn J, Aglan H (2008) Evaluation of nanosilicate filled poly (vinyl chloride-co-vinyl acetate) and epoxy coatings. Corros Sci 50:2189–2196CrossRef
45.
Truc TA, Hang TTX, Oanh VK, Dantras E, Lacabanne C, Oquab D, Pébère N (2008) Incorporation of an indole-3 butyric acid modified clay in epoxy resin for corrosion protection of carbon steel. Surf Coat Technol 202:4945–4951CrossRef
46.
Dai C-F, Li P-R, Yeh J-M (2008) Comparative studies for the effect of intercalating agent on the physical properties of epoxy resin-clay based nanocomposite materials. Eur Polymer J 44:2439–2447CrossRef
47.
Hosseinia MG, Raghibi-Boroujenia M, Ahadzadeha I, Najjarb R, Seyed Dorrajic MS (2009) Effect of polypyrrole–montmorillonite nanocomposites powder addition on corrosion performance of epoxy coatings on Al 5000. Prog Org Coat 66:321–327CrossRef
48.
Orazem M, Tribollet B (2008) Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the electrochemical society series. Wiley, New York. ISBN 978-0-470-04140-6
49.
Winston Revie R (2000) Uhlig’s corrosion handbook, 2nd edn, Wiley, New York, pp 949–1238. ISBN 0-471-15777-5
50.
Baboian R (2005) Corrosion tests and standards: application and interpretation, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York, pp 107–130. ISBN 0-8031-2098-2
51.
ASTM G 106. Standard practice for verification of algorithm and equipment for electrochemical impedance measurements
52.
ASTM G 457. Standard test method for measurement of impedance of anodic coatings on aluminum
53.
Cesareo R, Ridolfi S, Marabelli M, Castellano A, Buccolieri G, Donativi M, Gigante GE, Brunetti A, Rosales Medina MA (2008) Portable Systems for Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Works of Art. In: Potts PJ, West M (eds) Portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry: capabilities for in situ analysis. The royal society of chemistry, pp 206–243. ISBN-13: 9780854045525
54.
Guida G, Artioli D, Ridolfi S, Gigante GE (2010) Study by mobile non destructive testing of the bronze statue of the “Satiro” of Marsala., science for cultural heritage; technological innovation and case studies in marine and land archaeology in the adriatic region and inland. World Scientific Publishing Co, Singapore, pp 23–30. ISBN-13 978-981-4307-06-2
55.
Gigante GE et al (2008) Restoration of the funeral monument of Pope Sixtus IV by Antonio Pollaiolo (1493) in the Vatican Basilica: non invasive and microdestructive analysis—an operation protocol. ART2008—9th international conference, 2008. Jerusalem, Israel
56.
Gabrielli N et al (2005) “Il restauro della sfera bronzea sulla cupola della Basilica di San Pietro”, Materiali e Strutture, nuova serie anno III numeri 5–6, 38–87, editore Nuova Argos
57.
58.
Demtröder, Experimentalphysik 2, Chapter 7 Elektromagnetische Wellen im Vakuum, Springer
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
Springer Handbook of Lasers and Optics, Chapter 11, Lasers and Coherent Light Sources
65.
Gerthsen, Meschede: Physik, Chapter 15 Laserphysik, Springer, 2006
66.
Widl G (2010) Am Anfang war das Licht. Ein kleines Laser Kompendium, Trumpf. ISBN 978-3-9813676-0-7
67.
68.
Diehl R (ed) (2000) High-power diode lasers. Topics Appl Phys 78:369–408
69.
70.
71.
72.
Diehl R (ed) (2000) High-power diode lasers. Topics Appl Phys 78:289–301
73.
74.
Bäuerle D (1996) Laser processing and chemistry. Springer, Berlin
75.
Ion JC (2005) Laser processing of engineering materials. Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford
76.
Knowles MRH, Rutterford G, Karnakis D, Fergusin A (2005) Laser Micromachining of metals, Ceramics, Silicon and Polymers using Nanosecond Laserss, Oxford Lasers Ltd, Unit 8, Moorbrook Park, Didcot, OX11 7HP
77.
Ready JF (editor in chief) (2001) LIA handbook of laser materials processing. Laser Institute of America, Magnolia Publishing, Inc, Magnolia
78.
Rubahn HG (1999) Laser applications in surface science and technology. Wiley, New York
79.
Steen WM (1998) Laser material processing, 3rd edn. Springer, Berlin
80.
Jastrzebski ZD (1987) The nature and properties of engineering materials, 3rd edn. Wiley, New York
81.
82.
83.
Bromblet P, Laboure M, Orial G (2003) Diversity of the cleaning procedures including laser for there storation of carved portals in France over the last 10 years. J Cult Heritage 4:17s–26sCrossRef
84.
Lahoz R (2006) PhD Thesis, University of Zaragoza
85.
86.
Teule R et al (2003) Controlled UV laser cleaning of painted artworks: a systematic effect study on egg tempera paint samples“. J Cult Heritage 4:209s–215sCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Applying the Techniques on Materials II
verfasst von
Nick Schiavon
Vasilios Melfos
Reiner Salzer
Renate Lunkwitz
K. Chrysafis
P. Spathis
D. Merachtsaki
K. Triantafyllidis
P. Giannakoudakis
P. Xidas
Giovanni Ettore Gigante
Stefano Ridolfi
R. Lahoz
L. A. Angurel
U. Brauch
L. C. Estepa
G. F. de la Fuente Leis
Copyright-Jahr
2013
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Buch
Conservation Science for the Cultural Heritage

Print ISBN: 978-3-642-30984-7

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-642-30985-4

Copyright-Jahr: 2013

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30985-4_6

Premium Partner

    Marktübersichten

    Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen. 

    Zur Marktübersicht
    Bildnachweise