3. Approaches in International Practice Theory I

This is the first of two chapters that introduce seven approaches of international practice theory. We discuss four approaches, that have their origins in the writing of a major intellectual figure: Pierre Bourdieu, Michel Foucault, Etienne Wenger, and Theodore Schatzki. We provide a concise introduction to the conceptual vocabulary and strategies for the study of practice outlined for each of these approaches, and discuss ways of using them in IR. Together, they give us a theoretical repertoire for the study of practice. We consider Bourdieusian research, which has been most directly associated with the label of practice theory, and continue in discussing the work of Foucault by introducing his major concepts, such as governmentality. Although Foucault’s body of work is often not directly associated with the term practice theory, our discussion intends to correct this misunderstanding in arguing that he is first and foremost a practice theoretical thinker who allows us to conceptualise and study historical practices and configurations of very wide scope. Our third approach, community of practice, foregrounds the importance of community structures and learning processes. Finally, we turn to Theodore Schatzki, whose definitions have become quite influential in the debate, and review his practice theoretical outline.