Considerations about command system for lathes with numerical controls, adaptive controls and copying system with hydraulic modules or computer assisted

One of the most complex situation in establishing the principles of modern complex lathes design is that the tool machine has to fulfill special purposes, like working with computer numerical controls and commands, adaptive cutting force control system and use in some manufacturing phases copying functions. The main issue in this case is choosing between adding an additional axis to the basic CNC machine or equipping the machine with a special subsystem purposed for the task. This paper compares the two possibilities mentioned above from the point of view of their capacity to satisfy the needs of the copying process, the complexity, and the cost of the machine, the precision achieved in the manufacturing process, and the complexity and cost of the process itself.