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Erschienen in: Small Business Economics 2/2021

27.10.2020

Arts majors as entrepreneurs and innovators

verfasst von: Richard J. Paulsen, Neil Alper, Gregory Wassall

Erschienen in: Small Business Economics | Ausgabe 2/2021

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Abstract

This study examines the role of college graduates with degrees in the arts, STEM, and other creative fields as entrepreneurs and innovators in the US economy. As creativity is a trait of art students and is important for those acting as entrepreneurs and innovators in an economy, arts majors have the potential to play an important role in these areas. Using American Community Survey data, we look to identify arts, STEM, and other creative majors who are working in entrepreneurial occupations, those where self-employment is common, and innovative industries, those that are copyright intensive. As it is possible that the nature of arts occupations may be inherently more entrepreneurial and innovative, we compare arts majors to STEM and other creative majors also likely to work in such occupations. Using logistic regression, we find that majoring in a core arts field more than doubles an individual’s likelihood of working in an entrepreneurial occupation or an innovative industry relative to non-creative majors. Other creative majors, like communications and STEM majors, are also associated with an increased likelihood of working as entrepreneurs or innovators. Relative to STEM and other creative majors, majoring in a core arts field is associated with the greatest increase in the likelihood of working in an entrepreneurial occupation and third greatest increase in the likelihood of working in an innovative industry. While arts graduates play an important role in artistic creation, this paper highlights a role for these graduates as entrepreneurs and innovators in the US economy.

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Fußnoten
1
For a detailed description of the American Community Survey, see https://​www.​census.​gov/​programs-surveys/​acs.
 
2
Table A-1 in the Online Appendix gives detailed codes for all major groupings.
 
3
The ACS variable PERWT variable is used for frequency weights in all calculations.
 
5
Our primary findings are robust to using 15 and 25% as cutoffs.
 
6
See appendix Table A – 4 for a detailed list of the 84 entrepreneurial occupations and the 16 major occupation groups.
 
7
The corresponding NAICS codes, respectively, are 5111, 5112, 5121, 5122, 5151, 5152, 5191, 5414, 5415, 5418, 5419, 7111, and 7115.
 
8
Table A – 5 gives a more detailed breakdown of the distribution of copyright workers across these industries in the ACS sample.
 
9
ACS code 7490 or NAICS code 5419
 
10
Comparable results for employment in patent and trademark intensive industries are presented in Online Appendix Table A – 7.
 
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Alper, N. & Wassall, G. (2016). Double-majoring in the arts: cohort and related effects. 19th international conference on cultural economics. Conference Presentation. Alper, N. & Wassall, G. (2016). Double-majoring in the arts: cohort and related effects. 19th international conference on cultural economics. Conference Presentation.
Zurück zum Zitat Carlsson, B. (1999). Small business, entrepreneurship, and industrial dynamics. In Z. Acs (Ed.), Are small firms important? (pp. 99–110). Boston and Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.CrossRef Carlsson, B. (1999). Small business, entrepreneurship, and industrial dynamics. In Z. Acs (Ed.), Are small firms important? (pp. 99–110). Boston and Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hanson, J. (2019). Entrepreneurship among public school arts educators: the case of music teachers in New York state. Artivate: A Journal of Entrepreneurship in the Arts, 8(1), 45–66 http://artivate.org. Hanson, J. (2019). Entrepreneurship among public school arts educators: the case of music teachers in New York state. Artivate: A Journal of Entrepreneurship in the Arts, 8(1), 45–66 http://​artivate.​org.
Zurück zum Zitat Hong, C., Essig, L., & Bridgstock, R. (2010). The enterprising artist and the arts entrepreneur: emergent pedagogies for new disciplinary habits of mind. In book: Exploring More Signature Pedagogies, Publisher: Stylus, 68–81. Hong, C., Essig, L., & Bridgstock, R. (2010). The enterprising artist and the arts entrepreneur: emergent pedagogies for new disciplinary habits of mind. In book: Exploring More Signature Pedagogies, Publisher: Stylus, 68–81.
Zurück zum Zitat Lindemann, D. J., Tepper, S. J., Gaskill, S., Jones, S. D., Kuh, G. D., Lambert, A. D., Lena, J., Miller, A. L., Park, K., Rudolph, E. B., & Vanderwerp, L. (2012). Painting with broader strokes: reassessing the value of an arts education. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University and Vanderbilt University, Strategic National Arts Alumni Project. http://snaap.indiana.edu/pdf/SNAAP_Special%20Report_1.pdf. Lindemann, D. J., Tepper, S. J., Gaskill, S., Jones, S. D., Kuh, G. D., Lambert, A. D., Lena, J., Miller, A. L., Park, K., Rudolph, E. B., & Vanderwerp, L. (2012). Painting with broader strokes: reassessing the value of an arts education. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University and Vanderbilt University, Strategic National Arts Alumni Project. http://​snaap.​indiana.​edu/​pdf/​SNAAP_​Special%20​Report_​1.​pdf.
Zurück zum Zitat Pollard, V., & Wilson, E. (2013). The “entrepreneurial mindset” in creative and performing arts higher education in Australia. Artivate: A Journal of Entrepreneurship in the Arts, 3(1), 3–22 http://artivate.org. Pollard, V., & Wilson, E. (2013). The “entrepreneurial mindset” in creative and performing arts higher education in Australia. Artivate: A Journal of Entrepreneurship in the Arts, 3(1), 3–22 http://​artivate.​org.
Zurück zum Zitat Toscher, B. (2019). Entrepreneurial learning in arts entrepreneurship education: a conceptual framework. Artivate: A Journal of Entrepreneurship in the Arts, 8(1), 3–22 http://artivate.org. Toscher, B. (2019). Entrepreneurial learning in arts entrepreneurship education: a conceptual framework. Artivate: A Journal of Entrepreneurship in the Arts, 8(1), 3–22 http://​artivate.​org.
Zurück zum Zitat White, J. C. (2013). Barriers to recognizing arts entrepreneurship education as essential to professional arts training. Artivate: A Journal of Entrepreneurship in the Arts, 2(3), 28–39 http://artivate.org. White, J. C. (2013). Barriers to recognizing arts entrepreneurship education as essential to professional arts training. Artivate: A Journal of Entrepreneurship in the Arts, 2(3), 28–39 http://​artivate.​org.
Metadaten
Titel
Arts majors as entrepreneurs and innovators
verfasst von
Richard J. Paulsen
Neil Alper
Gregory Wassall
Publikationsdatum
27.10.2020
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Small Business Economics / Ausgabe 2/2021
Print ISSN: 0921-898X
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-0913
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-020-00416-x

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