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2006 | Buch

Atmospheric Aerosol Properties

Formation, Processes and Impacts

verfasst von: Professor Kirill Ya. Kondratyev, Professor Dr Lev S. Ivlev, Professor Dr Vladimir F. Krapivin, Associate Professor Dr Costas A. Varotsos

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Buchreihe : Springer Praxis Books

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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Über dieses Buch

This book provides the first comprehensive analysis of how aerosols form in the atmosphere through in situ processes as well as via transport from the surface (dust storms, seas spray, biogenic emissions, forest fires etc.). Such an analysis has been followed by the consideration of both observation data (various field observational experiments) and numerical modeling results to assess climate impacts of aerosols bearing in mind that these impacts are the most significant uncertainty in studying natural and anthropogenic causes of climate change.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

The field observational experiments

Frontmatter

1. Programmes of atmospheric aerosol experiments: The history of studies

2. Field observational experiments in America and western Europe

2.7 Conclusion

The results of studies of the aerosol properties in different regions of America and western Europe, obtained during accomplishment of programmes of the field observation experiments discussed above, have demonstrated an exclusive diversity of physical properties and chemical composition of aerosol requiring further system-atization of observational data in order to substantiate more adequate models of aerosol than existing ones. Only on the basis of the use of such models it is possible to obtain more reliable estimates of possible aerosol climatic impact.

3. Field observational experiments in Eurasia and on the African continent

Aerosol formation processes and evolution. Cloud cover dynamics

Frontmatter

4. Aerosol formation processes

4.10 Conclusion

The basic conclusion to be drawn from analysis of the present ideas about mechanisms of formation, and properties of atmospheric aerosols is that these ideas are still far from being adequate. This situation is especially substantial in the context of consideration of aerosol as one of the most important climate-forming factors. On the one hand, it is obvious that an interactive consideration of aerosol as a climate-forming atmospheric component is needed, and on the other hand, there is no doubt that the still highly uncertain data on the global spatial-temporal variability of aerosol properties and mechanisms of formation do not permit an adequate parameterization of the aerosol dynamics in climate models.

5. Aerosol and chemical processes in the atmosphere

5.7 Conclusion

An apparent conclusion from a brief review of heterogeneous chemical processes in the atmosphere is that the latest studies, especially studies of interaction of aerosols and MGCs in the atmosphere, are only in their initial stages. In particular, the climatic role of heterogeneous processes in the destruction of ozone molecules and in their transport from the stratosphere is very significant, and there is no doubt that modelling the heterogeneous processes of chemical transformations of atmospheric matter requires a further specification of the processes of generation of initial products, as well as numerical modelling of the rates of heterogeneous reactions.

The field observations of the ozone content in the atmosphere under different meteorological conditions and at different levels of pollution, as well as an overview of theoretical and experimental data, show that the problem of the impact of aerosols, and in particular dust outflows, on variations of the ozone content in the atmosphere is far from being unique. Even repeatedly observed marked decreases of ozone content in the layers with aerosol pollutants can be caused both by direct destruction of an ozone molecule on dust particles or by other processes. Therefore, further parallel synchronous observations of the content of ozone, aerosols, and other admixtures in the atmosphere together with measurements of several meteorological parameters are needed.

6. Interactions between aerosols and clouds

Numerical modelling of the processes and properties of atmospheric aerosol

Backmatter

Titel: Atmospheric Aerosol Properties
verfasst von: Professor Kirill Ya. Kondratyev
Professor Dr Lev S. Ivlev
Professor Dr Vladimir F. Krapivin
Associate Professor Dr Costas A. Varotsos
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Electronic ISBN: 978-3-540-37698-9
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-26263-3
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-37698-4

Springer Professional

Atmospheric Aerosol Properties

Formation, Processes and Impacts

Über dieses Buch

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

The field observational experiments

Frontmatter

1. Programmes of atmospheric aerosol experiments: The history of studies

2. Field observational experiments in America and western Europe

3. Field observational experiments in Eurasia and on the African continent

Aerosol formation processes and evolution. Cloud cover dynamics

Frontmatter

4. Aerosol formation processes

5. Aerosol and chemical processes in the atmosphere

6. Interactions between aerosols and clouds

Numerical modelling of the processes and properties of atmospheric aerosol

Frontmatter

7. The optical properties of atmospheric aerosol and clouds

8. Aerosol long-range transport and deposition

9. Aerosol radiative forcing and climate

Backmatter