Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Experimental Mechanics 2/2019

06.12.2018

Augmented Lagrangian Digital Image Correlation

verfasst von: J. Yang, K. Bhattacharya

Erschienen in: Experimental Mechanics | Ausgabe 2/2019

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Digital image correlation (DIC) is a powerful experimental technique for measuring full-field displacement and strain. The basic idea of the method is to compare images of an object decorated with a speckle pattern before and after deformation, and thereby to compute the displacement and strain fields. Local subset DIC and finite element-based global DIC are two widely used image matching methods. However there are some drawbacks to these methods. In local subset DIC, the computed displacement field may not be compatible, and the deformation gradient may be noisy, especially when the subset size is small. Global DIC incorporates displacement compatibility, but can be computationally expensive. In this paper, we propose a new method, the augmented-Lagrangian digital image correlation (ALDIC), that combines the advantages of both the local (fast) and global (compatible) methods. We demonstrate that ALDIC has higher accuracy and behaves more robustly compared to both local subset DIC and global DIC.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Hild F, Roux S (2006) Digital image correlation: from displacement measurement to identification of elastic properties-a review. Strain 42:69–80CrossRef Hild F, Roux S (2006) Digital image correlation: from displacement measurement to identification of elastic properties-a review. Strain 42:69–80CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Pan B, Qian K, Xie H, Asundi A (2009) Two-dimensional digital image correlation for in-plane displacement and strain measurement: a review. Meas Sci Technol 20:062001CrossRef Pan B, Qian K, Xie H, Asundi A (2009) Two-dimensional digital image correlation for in-plane displacement and strain measurement: a review. Meas Sci Technol 20:062001CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Sutton MA, Orteu JJ, Schreier HW (2009) Image correlation for shape, motion and deformation measurements: basic concepts, theory and applications. Springer, Berlin Sutton MA, Orteu JJ, Schreier HW (2009) Image correlation for shape, motion and deformation measurements: basic concepts, theory and applications. Springer, Berlin
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Sutton MA, Wolters WJ, Peters WH, Ranson WF, McNeill SR (1983) Determination of displacements using an improved digital correlation method. Image Vis Comput 1:133–139CrossRef Sutton MA, Wolters WJ, Peters WH, Ranson WF, McNeill SR (1983) Determination of displacements using an improved digital correlation method. Image Vis Comput 1:133–139CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen DJ, Chiang FP, Tan YS, Don HS (1993) Digital speckle-displacement measurement using a complex spectrum method. Appl Opt 32:1839–1849CrossRef Chen DJ, Chiang FP, Tan YS, Don HS (1993) Digital speckle-displacement measurement using a complex spectrum method. Appl Opt 32:1839–1849CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Dhir SK, Sikora JP (1972) An improved method for obtaining the general-displacement field from a holographic interferogram. Exp Mech 12:323–327CrossRef Dhir SK, Sikora JP (1972) An improved method for obtaining the general-displacement field from a holographic interferogram. Exp Mech 12:323–327CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Kreis T (1996) Holographic interferometry: principles and methods. In: Simulation and experiment in laser metrology: proceedings of the international symposium on laser applications in precision measurements Held in Balatonfured/Hungary, June 3-6, 1996, volume 2. John Wiley & Sons, p 323 Kreis T (1996) Holographic interferometry: principles and methods. In: Simulation and experiment in laser metrology: proceedings of the international symposium on laser applications in precision measurements Held in Balatonfured/Hungary, June 3-6, 1996, volume 2. John Wiley & Sons, p 323
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Rastogi PK (2000) Principles of holographic interferometry and speckle metrology. In: Photomechanics. Springer, pp 103–151 Rastogi PK (2000) Principles of holographic interferometry and speckle metrology. In: Photomechanics. Springer, pp 103–151
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Dickinson AS, Taylor AC, Ozturk H, Browne M (2011) Experimental validation of a finite element model of the proximal femur using digital image correlation and a composite bone model. J Biomech Eng 133:014504CrossRef Dickinson AS, Taylor AC, Ozturk H, Browne M (2011) Experimental validation of a finite element model of the proximal femur using digital image correlation and a composite bone model. J Biomech Eng 133:014504CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Franck C, Hong S, Maskarinec SA, Tirrell DA, Ravichandran G (2007) Three-dimensional full-field measurements of large deformations in soft materials using confocal microscopy and digital volume correlation. Exp Mech 47:427–438CrossRef Franck C, Hong S, Maskarinec SA, Tirrell DA, Ravichandran G (2007) Three-dimensional full-field measurements of large deformations in soft materials using confocal microscopy and digital volume correlation. Exp Mech 47:427–438CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Franck C, Maskarinec SA, Tirrell DA, Ravichandran G (2011) Three-dimensional traction force microscopy: a new tool for quantifying cell-matrix interactions. PloS one 6:e17833CrossRef Franck C, Maskarinec SA, Tirrell DA, Ravichandran G (2011) Three-dimensional traction force microscopy: a new tool for quantifying cell-matrix interactions. PloS one 6:e17833CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Rehrl C, Kleber S, Antretter T, Pippan R (2011) A methodology to study crystal plasticity inside a compression test sample based on image correlation and ebsd. Mater Charact 62:793–800CrossRef Rehrl C, Kleber S, Antretter T, Pippan R (2011) A methodology to study crystal plasticity inside a compression test sample based on image correlation and ebsd. Mater Charact 62:793–800CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Daly S (2007) Deformation and fracture of thin sheets of nitinol. Phd thesis California Institute of Technology Daly S (2007) Deformation and fracture of thin sheets of nitinol. Phd thesis California Institute of Technology
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Bastawros AF, Bart-Smith H, Evans AG (2000) Experimental analysis of deformation mechanisms in a closed-cell aluminum alloy foam. J Mech Phys Solids 48:301–322CrossRefMATH Bastawros AF, Bart-Smith H, Evans AG (2000) Experimental analysis of deformation mechanisms in a closed-cell aluminum alloy foam. J Mech Phys Solids 48:301–322CrossRefMATH
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Jerabek M, Major Z, Lang RW (2010) Strain determination of polymeric materials using digital image correlation. Polym Test 29:407–416CrossRef Jerabek M, Major Z, Lang RW (2010) Strain determination of polymeric materials using digital image correlation. Polym Test 29:407–416CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang Y, Cuitiño A M (2002) Full-field measurements of heterogeneous deformation patterns on polymeric foams using digital image correlation. Int J Solids Struct 39:3777–3796CrossRef Wang Y, Cuitiño A M (2002) Full-field measurements of heterogeneous deformation patterns on polymeric foams using digital image correlation. Int J Solids Struct 39:3777–3796CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Zdunek J, Brynk T, Mizera J, Pakieła Z, Kurzydłowski KJ (2008) Digital image correlation investigation of portevin–le chatelier effect in an aluminium alloy. Mater Charact 59:1429–1433CrossRef Zdunek J, Brynk T, Mizera J, Pakieła Z, Kurzydłowski KJ (2008) Digital image correlation investigation of portevin–le chatelier effect in an aluminium alloy. Mater Charact 59:1429–1433CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Tracy J, Waas A, Daly S (2015) Experimental assessment of toughness in ceramic matrix composites using the j-integral with digital image correlation part i: methodology and validation. J Mater Sci 50:4646–4658CrossRef Tracy J, Waas A, Daly S (2015) Experimental assessment of toughness in ceramic matrix composites using the j-integral with digital image correlation part i: methodology and validation. J Mater Sci 50:4646–4658CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Kimiecik M, Jones JW, Daly S (2013) Quantitative studies of microstructural phase transformation in nickel-titanium. Mater Lett 95:25–29CrossRef Kimiecik M, Jones JW, Daly S (2013) Quantitative studies of microstructural phase transformation in nickel-titanium. Mater Lett 95:25–29CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Chang S, Wang CS, Xiong CY, Fang J (2005) Nanoscale in-plane displacement evaluation by afm scanning and digital image correlation processing. Nanotechnology 16:344CrossRef Chang S, Wang CS, Xiong CY, Fang J (2005) Nanoscale in-plane displacement evaluation by afm scanning and digital image correlation processing. Nanotechnology 16:344CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Erten E, Reigber A, Hellwich O, Prats P (2009) Glacier velocity monitoring by maximum likelihood texture tracking. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 47:394–405CrossRef Erten E, Reigber A, Hellwich O, Prats P (2009) Glacier velocity monitoring by maximum likelihood texture tracking. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 47:394–405CrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Rubino V, Lapusta N, Rosakis A (2012) Laboratory earthquake measurements with the high-speed digital image correlation method and applications to super-shear transition. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts 1:06 Rubino V, Lapusta N, Rosakis A (2012) Laboratory earthquake measurements with the high-speed digital image correlation method and applications to super-shear transition. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts 1:06
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Rubino V, Lapusta N, Rosakis AJ, Leprince S, Avouac JP (2014) Static laboratory earthquake measurements with the digital image correlation method. Exp Mech, pp 1–18 Rubino V, Lapusta N, Rosakis AJ, Leprince S, Avouac JP (2014) Static laboratory earthquake measurements with the digital image correlation method. Exp Mech, pp 1–18
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Besnard G, Leclerc H, Hild F, Roux S, Swiergiel N (2012) Analysis of image series through global digital image correlation. J. Strain Anal Eng Des 47:214–228CrossRef Besnard G, Leclerc H, Hild F, Roux S, Swiergiel N (2012) Analysis of image series through global digital image correlation. J. Strain Anal Eng Des 47:214–228CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Blaber J, Adair B, Antoniou A (2015) Ncorr: open-source 2d digital image correlation matlab software. Exp Mech: 1–18 Blaber J, Adair B, Antoniou A (2015) Ncorr: open-source 2d digital image correlation matlab software. Exp Mech: 1–18
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Jones EMC, Silberstein MN, White SR, Sottos NR (2014) In situ measurements of strains in composite battery electrodes during electrochemical cycling. Exp Mech 54:971–985CrossRef Jones EMC, Silberstein MN, White SR, Sottos NR (2014) In situ measurements of strains in composite battery electrodes during electrochemical cycling. Exp Mech 54:971–985CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Pan B, Wang B, Lubineau G, Moussawi A (2015) Comparison of subset-based local and finite element-based global digital image correlation. Exp Mech 55:887–901CrossRef Pan B, Wang B, Lubineau G, Moussawi A (2015) Comparison of subset-based local and finite element-based global digital image correlation. Exp Mech 55:887–901CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Correlated Solutions (2009) Vic-2d Reference Manual Correlated Solutions (2009) Vic-2d Reference Manual
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Pan B, Asundi A, Xie HM, Gao JX (2009) Digital image correlation using iterative least squares and pointwise least squares for displacement field and strain field measurements. Opt Lasers Eng 47:865–874CrossRef Pan B, Asundi A, Xie HM, Gao JX (2009) Digital image correlation using iterative least squares and pointwise least squares for displacement field and strain field measurements. Opt Lasers Eng 47:865–874CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Avril S, Feissel P, Pierron F, Villon P (2009) Comparison of two approaches for differentiating full-field data in solid mechanics. Meas Sci Technol 21:015703CrossRef Avril S, Feissel P, Pierron F, Villon P (2009) Comparison of two approaches for differentiating full-field data in solid mechanics. Meas Sci Technol 21:015703CrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhao JQ, Zeng P, Pan B, LP Lei HFDu, He WB, Liu Y, Xu YJ (2012) Improved hermite finite element smoothing method for full-field strain measurement over arbitrary region of interest in digital image correlation. Opt Lasers Eng 50:1662–1671CrossRef Zhao JQ, Zeng P, Pan B, LP Lei HFDu, He WB, Liu Y, Xu YJ (2012) Improved hermite finite element smoothing method for full-field strain measurement over arbitrary region of interest in digital image correlation. Opt Lasers Eng 50:1662–1671CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Modersitzki J (2004) Numerical methods for image registration. Oxford University Press, LondonMATH Modersitzki J (2004) Numerical methods for image registration. Oxford University Press, LondonMATH
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Ronovskỳ A, Vašatová A (2017) Elastic image registration based on domain decomposition with mesh adaptation. Mathematical Analysis and Numerical Mathematics 15:322–330 Ronovskỳ A, Vašatová A (2017) Elastic image registration based on domain decomposition with mesh adaptation. Mathematical Analysis and Numerical Mathematics 15:322–330
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Bouclier R, Passieux JC (2017) A domain coupling method for finite element digital image correlation with mechanical regularization application to multiscale measurements and parallel computing. Int J Numer Methods Eng 111:123–143MathSciNetCrossRef Bouclier R, Passieux JC (2017) A domain coupling method for finite element digital image correlation with mechanical regularization application to multiscale measurements and parallel computing. Int J Numer Methods Eng 111:123–143MathSciNetCrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Merta M, Vašatová A, Hapla V, Horák D (2014) Parallel implementation of Total-FETI DDM with application to medical image registration. In: Domain Decomposition Methods in Science and Engineering XXI. Springer, pp 917–925 Merta M, Vašatová A, Hapla V, Horák D (2014) Parallel implementation of Total-FETI DDM with application to medical image registration. In: Domain Decomposition Methods in Science and Engineering XXI. Springer, pp 917–925
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Passieux JC, Perie JN, Salaun M (2015) A dual domain decomposition method for finite element digital image correlation. Int J Numer Methods Eng 102:1670–1682MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Passieux JC, Perie JN, Salaun M (2015) A dual domain decomposition method for finite element digital image correlation. Int J Numer Methods Eng 102:1670–1682MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang TY, Qian KM (2017) Parallel computing in experimental mechanics and optical measurement: a review (ii) Optics and Lasers in Engineering Wang TY, Qian KM (2017) Parallel computing in experimental mechanics and optical measurement: a review (ii) Optics and Lasers in Engineering
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Nocedal J, Wright S (2006) Numerical optimization. Springer, BerlinMATH Nocedal J, Wright S (2006) Numerical optimization. Springer, BerlinMATH
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Conn AR, Gould NIM, Toint PL (1991) A globally convergent augmented Lagrangian algorithm for optimization with general constraints and simple bounds. SIAM J Numer Anal 28:545–572MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Conn AR, Gould NIM, Toint PL (1991) A globally convergent augmented Lagrangian algorithm for optimization with general constraints and simple bounds. SIAM J Numer Anal 28:545–572MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Afonso MV, Bioucas-Dias JM, Figueiredo MAT (2011) An augmented Lagrangian approach to the constrained optimization formulation of imaging inverse problems. IEEE Trans Image Process 20:681–695MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Afonso MV, Bioucas-Dias JM, Figueiredo MAT (2011) An augmented Lagrangian approach to the constrained optimization formulation of imaging inverse problems. IEEE Trans Image Process 20:681–695MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Simo JC, Laursen TA (1992) An augmented Lagrangian treatment of contact problems involving friction. Comput Struct 42:97–116MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Simo JC, Laursen TA (1992) An augmented Lagrangian treatment of contact problems involving friction. Comput Struct 42:97–116MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Michel JC, Moulinec H, Suquet P (2000) A computational method based on augmented Lagrangians and fast Fourier Transforms for composites with high contrast. CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 1:79–88MathSciNet Michel JC, Moulinec H, Suquet P (2000) A computational method based on augmented Lagrangians and fast Fourier Transforms for composites with high contrast. CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 1:79–88MathSciNet
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldstein T, O’Donoghue B, Setzer S, Baraniuk R (2014) Fast alternating direction optimization methods. SIAM J Imag Sci 7:1588–1623MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Goldstein T, O’Donoghue B, Setzer S, Baraniuk R (2014) Fast alternating direction optimization methods. SIAM J Imag Sci 7:1588–1623MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Boyd S, Parikh N, Chu E, Peleato B, Eckstein J (2010) Distributed optimization and statistical learning via the alternating direction method of multipliers. Mach Learn 3:1–122CrossRefMATH Boyd S, Parikh N, Chu E, Peleato B, Eckstein J (2010) Distributed optimization and statistical learning via the alternating direction method of multipliers. Mach Learn 3:1–122CrossRefMATH
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang JF, Zhang Y (2011) Alternating direction algorithms for l(1)-problems in compressive sensing. SIAM J Sci Comput 33:250–278MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Yang JF, Zhang Y (2011) Alternating direction algorithms for l(1)-problems in compressive sensing. SIAM J Sci Comput 33:250–278MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Afonso MV, Bioucas-Dias JM, Figueiredo MAT (2010) Fast image recovery using variable splitting and constrained optimization. IEEE Trans Image Process 19:2345–2356MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Afonso MV, Bioucas-Dias JM, Figueiredo MAT (2010) Fast image recovery using variable splitting and constrained optimization. IEEE Trans Image Process 19:2345–2356MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Glowinski R, Le Tallec P (1989) Augmented Lagrangian and operator-splitting methods in nonlinear mechanics SIAM Glowinski R, Le Tallec P (1989) Augmented Lagrangian and operator-splitting methods in nonlinear mechanics SIAM
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Pan B, Xie H, Wang Z (2010) Equivalence of digital image correlation criteria for pattern matching. Applied optics 49:5501–5509CrossRef Pan B, Xie H, Wang Z (2010) Equivalence of digital image correlation criteria for pattern matching. Applied optics 49:5501–5509CrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Simon B, Iain M (2004) Lucas-kanade 20 years on a unifying framework. International journal of computer vision 56:221–255CrossRef Simon B, Iain M (2004) Lucas-kanade 20 years on a unifying framework. International journal of computer vision 56:221–255CrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Réthoré J, Hild F, Roux S (2007) Shear-band capturing using a multiscale extended digital image correlation technique. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 196:5016–5030CrossRefMATH Réthoré J, Hild F, Roux S (2007) Shear-band capturing using a multiscale extended digital image correlation technique. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 196:5016–5030CrossRefMATH
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Réthoré J, Hild F, Roux S (2008) Extended digital image correlation with crack shape optimization. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineerin 73:248–272MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Réthoré J, Hild F, Roux S (2008) Extended digital image correlation with crack shape optimization. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineerin 73:248–272MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Reu PL, Toussaint E, Jones E, Bruck HA, Iadicola M, Balcaen R, Turner DZ, Siebert T, Lava P, Simonsen M (2017) Dic challenge developing images and guidelines for evaluating accuracy and resolution of 2d analyses experimental mechanics Reu PL, Toussaint E, Jones E, Bruck HA, Iadicola M, Balcaen R, Turner DZ, Siebert T, Lava P, Simonsen M (2017) Dic challenge developing images and guidelines for evaluating accuracy and resolution of 2d analyses experimental mechanics
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Bornert M, Doumalin P, Dupré JC, Poilâne C, Robert L, Toussaint E, Wattrisse B (2017) Shortcut in DIC error assessment induced by image interpolation used for subpixel shifting. Opt Lasers Eng 91:124–133CrossRef Bornert M, Doumalin P, Dupré JC, Poilâne C, Robert L, Toussaint E, Wattrisse B (2017) Shortcut in DIC error assessment induced by image interpolation used for subpixel shifting. Opt Lasers Eng 91:124–133CrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Avellar L, Ravichandran G (2016) Deformation and fracture of 3d printed heterogeneous materials Society for Experimental Mechanics Annual Conference Avellar L, Ravichandran G (2016) Deformation and fracture of 3d printed heterogeneous materials Society for Experimental Mechanics Annual Conference
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Hackbusch W (2003) Multi-grid method and applications. Springer, Berlin Hackbusch W (2003) Multi-grid method and applications. Springer, Berlin
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang J, Bhattacharya K (2018) Combining image compression with digital image correlation. Experimental Mechanics Yang J, Bhattacharya K (2018) Combining image compression with digital image correlation. Experimental Mechanics
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang J, Bhattacharya K (2019) Fast adaptive global digital image correlation. In: Advancement of Optical Methods & Digital Image Correlation in Experimental Mechanics, volume 3. Springer, pp 69–73 Yang J, Bhattacharya K (2019) Fast adaptive global digital image correlation. In: Advancement of Optical Methods & Digital Image Correlation in Experimental Mechanics, volume 3. Springer, pp 69–73
Metadaten
Titel
Augmented Lagrangian Digital Image Correlation
verfasst von
J. Yang
K. Bhattacharya
Publikationsdatum
06.12.2018
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Experimental Mechanics / Ausgabe 2/2019
Print ISSN: 0014-4851
Elektronische ISSN: 1741-2765
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-018-00457-0

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2019

Experimental Mechanics 2/2019 Zur Ausgabe

    Marktübersichten

    Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen.