Skip to main content
Erschienen in:
Buchtitelbild

2016 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

1. Automatic Refinement Checking for Formal System Models

verfasst von : Julia Seiter, Robert Wille, Ulrich Kühne, Rolf Drechsler

Erschienen in: Languages, Design Methods, and Tools for Electronic System Design

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

For the design of complex systems, formal modelling languages such as UML or SysML find significant attention. The typical model-driven design flow assumes thereby an initial (abstract) model which is iteratively refined to a more precise description. During this process, new errors and inconsistencies might be introduced. In this chapter, we propose an automatic method for verifying the consistency of refinements in UML or SysML. For this purpose, a theoretical foundation is considered from which the corresponding proof obligations are determined. Afterwards, they are encoded as an instance of satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) and solved using proper solving engines. The practical use of the proposed method is demonstrated and compared to a previously proposed approach.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
1
The post-condition is a binary predicate, since it can also depend on the source state, which is expressed using @pre in OCL.
 
2
This restriction is common in many approaches (e.g. [3, 11, 12, 30, 31]) and also justified by the fact that, eventually, the implemented system will be realized by bounded physical devices anyway.
 
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Abrial, J.R.: The B-book: Assigning Programs to Meanings. Cambridge University Press, New York (1996)CrossRefMATH Abrial, J.R.: The B-book: Assigning Programs to Meanings. Cambridge University Press, New York (1996)CrossRefMATH
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Abrial, J.R.: Modeling in Event-B: System and Software Engineering, 1st edn. Cambridge University Press, New York (2010)CrossRefMATH Abrial, J.R.: Modeling in Event-B: System and Software Engineering, 1st edn. Cambridge University Press, New York (2010)CrossRefMATH
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Anastasakis, K., Bordbar, B., Georg, G., Ray, I.: UML2Alloy: A challenging model transformation. In: International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, pp. 436–450. Springer, New York (2007) Anastasakis, K., Bordbar, B., Georg, G., Ray, I.: UML2Alloy: A challenging model transformation. In: International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, pp. 436–450. Springer, New York (2007)
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Antoniol, G., Canfora, G., Casazza, G., Lucia, A.D., Merlo, E.: Recovering traceability links between code and documentation. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. 28, 970–983 (2002)CrossRef Antoniol, G., Canfora, G., Casazza, G., Lucia, A.D., Merlo, E.: Recovering traceability links between code and documentation. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. 28, 970–983 (2002)CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Ben Ammar, B., Bhiri, M.T., Souquières, J.: Incremental development of UML specifications using operation refinements. Innov. Syst. Softw. Eng. 4(3), 259–266 (2008). doi:10.1007/s11334-008-0056-1CrossRef Ben Ammar, B., Bhiri, M.T., Souquières, J.: Incremental development of UML specifications using operation refinements. Innov. Syst. Softw. Eng. 4(3), 259–266 (2008). doi:10.1007/s11334-008-0056-1CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Boiten, E.A.: Introducing extra operations in refinement. In: Formal Aspects of Computing, Springer London, pp. 1–13. Springer, London (2012) Boiten, E.A.: Introducing extra operations in refinement. In: Formal Aspects of Computing, Springer London, pp. 1–13. Springer, London (2012)
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Braunstein, C., Encrenaz, E.: CTL-property transformations along an incremental design process. Int. J. Softw. Tools Technol. Transfer 9(1), 77–88 (2006). doi:10.1007/s10009-006-0007-9CrossRefMATH Braunstein, C., Encrenaz, E.: CTL-property transformations along an incremental design process. Int. J. Softw. Tools Technol. Transfer 9(1), 77–88 (2006). doi:10.1007/s10009-006-0007-9CrossRefMATH
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Briand, L.C., Labiche, Y., Yue, T.: Automated traceability analysis for uml model refinements. Inf. Softw. Technol. 51, 512–527 (2009)CrossRef Briand, L.C., Labiche, Y., Yue, T.: Automated traceability analysis for uml model refinements. Inf. Softw. Technol. 51, 512–527 (2009)CrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Brummayer, R., Biere, A.: Boolector: an efficient SMT solver for bit-vectors and arrays. In: Tools and Algorithms for Construction and Analysis of Systems, pp. 174–177. Springer, Berlin (2009) Brummayer, R., Biere, A.: Boolector: an efficient SMT solver for bit-vectors and arrays. In: Tools and Algorithms for Construction and Analysis of Systems, pp. 174–177. Springer, Berlin (2009)
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Bulychev, P., Konnov, I.V., Zakharov, V.A.: Computing (bi)simulation relations preserving CTL X ∗ for ordinary and fair kripke structures. In: 3ematical Methods and Algorithms, vol. 12, pp. 59–76. Institute for System Programming, Russian Academy of Science (2006) Bulychev, P., Konnov, I.V., Zakharov, V.A.: Computing (bi)simulation relations preserving CTL X for ordinary and fair kripke structures. In: 3ematical Methods and Algorithms, vol. 12, pp. 59–76. Institute for System Programming, Russian Academy of Science (2006)
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Cabot, J., Clarisó, R., Riera, D.: Verification of UML/OCL class diagrams using constraint programming. In: IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, pp. 73–80 (2008) Cabot, J., Clarisó, R., Riera, D.: Verification of UML/OCL class diagrams using constraint programming. In: IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, pp. 73–80 (2008)
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Cadoli, M., Calvanese, D., Giacomo, G.D., Mancini, T.: Finite Model Reasoning on UML Class Diagrams Via Constraint Programming. In: R. Basili, M.T. Pazienza (eds.) AI*IA. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4733, pp. 36–47. Springer, Berlin (2007) Cadoli, M., Calvanese, D., Giacomo, G.D., Mancini, T.: Finite Model Reasoning on UML Class Diagrams Via Constraint Programming. In: R. Basili, M.T. Pazienza (eds.) AI*IA. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4733, pp. 36–47. Springer, Berlin (2007)
13.
Zurück zum Zitat De Moura, L., Bjørner, N.: Z3: An efficient smt solver. In: Proceedings of the Theory and Practice of Software, 14th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, TACAS’08/ETAPS’08, pp. 337–340. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg (2008). URL http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1792734.1792766 De Moura, L., Bjørner, N.: Z3: An efficient smt solver. In: Proceedings of the Theory and Practice of Software, 14th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, TACAS’08/ETAPS’08, pp. 337–340. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg (2008). URL http://​dl.​acm.​org/​citation.​cfm?​id=​1792734.​1792766
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Derrick, J., Smith, G.: Using model checking to automatically find retrieve relations. Electron. Notes Theor. Comput. Sci. 201, 155–175 (2008)CrossRef Derrick, J., Smith, G.: Using model checking to automatically find retrieve relations. Electron. Notes Theor. Comput. Sci. 201, 155–175 (2008)CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Egyed, A.: Consistent adaptation and evolution of class diagrams during refinement. In: Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering (2004)CrossRef Egyed, A.: Consistent adaptation and evolution of class diagrams during refinement. In: Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering (2004)CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Glabbeek, R.: The linear time - branching time spectrum. In: J. Baeten, J. Klop (eds.) CONCUR ’90 Theories of Concurrency: Unification and Extension. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 458, pp. 278–297. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg (1990)CrossRef Glabbeek, R.: The linear time - branching time spectrum. In: J. Baeten, J. Klop (eds.) CONCUR ’90 Theories of Concurrency: Unification and Extension. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 458, pp. 278–297. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg (1990)CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Gogolla, M., Kuhlmann, M., Hamann, L.: Consistency, independence and consequences in UML and OCL models. In: Tests and Proofs, pp. 90–104. Springer, Berlin (2009) Gogolla, M., Kuhlmann, M., Hamann, L.: Consistency, independence and consequences in UML and OCL models. In: Tests and Proofs, pp. 90–104. Springer, Berlin (2009)
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldsmith, M., Roscoe, B., Armstrong, P.: Failures-Divergence Refinement - FDR2 User Manual (2005) Goldsmith, M., Roscoe, B., Armstrong, P.: Failures-Divergence Refinement - FDR2 User Manual (2005)
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Hayes, J.H., Dekhtyar, A., Osborne, J.: Improving requirements tracing via information retrieval. In: IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference (2003)CrossRef Hayes, J.H., Dekhtyar, A., Osborne, J.: Improving requirements tracing via information retrieval. In: IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference (2003)CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Leuschel, M., Butler, M.: Automatic Refinement Checking for B. In: International Conference on Formal Engineering Methods (2005)CrossRefMATH Leuschel, M., Butler, M.: Automatic Refinement Checking for B. In: International Conference on Formal Engineering Methods (2005)CrossRefMATH
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Loiseaux, C., Graf, S., Sifakis, J., Bouajjani, A., Bensalem, S., Probst, D.: Property preserving abstractions for the verification of concurrent systems. Form. Method. Syst. Des. 6(1), 11–44 (1995)CrossRefMATH Loiseaux, C., Graf, S., Sifakis, J., Bouajjani, A., Bensalem, S., Probst, D.: Property preserving abstractions for the verification of concurrent systems. Form. Method. Syst. Des. 6(1), 11–44 (1995)CrossRefMATH
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Natt och Dag, J., Regnell, B., Carlshamre, P., Andersson, M., Karlsson, J.: A feasibility study of automated natural language requirements analysis in market-driven development. Requir. Eng. 7, 20–33 (2002) Natt och Dag, J., Regnell, B., Carlshamre, P., Andersson, M., Karlsson, J.: A feasibility study of automated natural language requirements analysis in market-driven development. Requir. Eng. 7, 20–33 (2002)
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Nejati, S., Gurfinkel, A., Chechik, M.: Stuttering abstraction for model checking. In: Software Engineering and Formal Methods, pp. 311–320. Springer, Berlin (2005) Nejati, S., Gurfinkel, A., Chechik, M.: Stuttering abstraction for model checking. In: Software Engineering and Formal Methods, pp. 311–320. Springer, Berlin (2005)
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Pons, C., Garcia, D.: Practical verification strategy for refinement conditions in UML models. In: Advanced Software Engineering: Expanding the Frontiers of Software Technology. IFIP International Federation for Information Processing, vol. 219, pp. 47–61. Springer, Berlin (2006) Pons, C., Garcia, D.: Practical verification strategy for refinement conditions in UML models. In: Advanced Software Engineering: Expanding the Frontiers of Software Technology. IFIP International Federation for Information Processing, vol. 219, pp. 47–61. Springer, Berlin (2006)
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Ranzato, F., Tapparo, F.: Computing stuttering simulations. In: Concurrency Theory (CONCUR). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5710, pp. 542–556. Springer, Berlin (2009) Ranzato, F., Tapparo, F.: Computing stuttering simulations. In: Concurrency Theory (CONCUR). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5710, pp. 542–556. Springer, Berlin (2009)
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Robinson, N.J.: Finding abstraction relations for data refinement. Technical Report, Software Verification Research Center, The University of Queensland (2003) Robinson, N.J.: Finding abstraction relations for data refinement. Technical Report, Software Verification Research Center, The University of Queensland (2003)
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Robinson, N.J.: Incremental derivation of abstraction relations for data refinement. In: Formal Methods and Software Engineering. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos (2003)CrossRef Robinson, N.J.: Incremental derivation of abstraction relations for data refinement. In: Formal Methods and Software Engineering. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos (2003)CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Rumbaugh, J., Jacobson, I., Booch, G.: The Unified Modeling Language reference manual. Addison-Wesley Longman, Essex (1999) Rumbaugh, J., Jacobson, I., Booch, G.: The Unified Modeling Language reference manual. Addison-Wesley Longman, Essex (1999)
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Snook, C., Butler, M.: UML-B: formal modeling and design aided by UML. ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol. 15(1), 92–122 (2006)CrossRef Snook, C., Butler, M.: UML-B: formal modeling and design aided by UML. ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol. 15(1), 92–122 (2006)CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Soeken, M., Wille, R., Kuhlmann, M., Gogolla, M., Drechsler, R.: Verifying UML/OCL models using Boolean satisfiability. In: Design, Automation and Test in Europe, pp. 1341–1344. IEEE Computer Society, New York (2010) Soeken, M., Wille, R., Kuhlmann, M., Gogolla, M., Drechsler, R.: Verifying UML/OCL models using Boolean satisfiability. In: Design, Automation and Test in Europe, pp. 1341–1344. IEEE Computer Society, New York (2010)
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Soeken, M., Wille, R., Drechsler, R.: Verifying dynamic aspects of UML models. In: Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE), pp. 1–6 (2011) Soeken, M., Wille, R., Drechsler, R.: Verifying dynamic aspects of UML models. In: Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE), pp. 1–6 (2011)
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Warmer, J., Kleppe, A.: The Object Constraint Language: Precise Modeling with UML. Addison-Wesley Longman, Boston, MA (1999) Warmer, J., Kleppe, A.: The Object Constraint Language: Precise Modeling with UML. Addison-Wesley Longman, Boston, MA (1999)
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Weilkiens, T.: Systems Engineering with SysML/UML: Modeling, Analysis, Design. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA (2008)MATH Weilkiens, T.: Systems Engineering with SysML/UML: Modeling, Analysis, Design. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA (2008)MATH
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Woodcock, J., Davies, J.: Using Z: Specification, Refinement, and Proof. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ (1996)MATH Woodcock, J., Davies, J.: Using Z: Specification, Refinement, and Proof. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ (1996)MATH
Metadaten
Titel
Automatic Refinement Checking for Formal System Models
verfasst von
Julia Seiter
Robert Wille
Ulrich Kühne
Rolf Drechsler
Copyright-Jahr
2016
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24457-0_1

Neuer Inhalt