Skip to main content

2013 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

2. Autonomic Systems

verfasst von : Philippe Lalanda, Julie A. McCann, Ada Diaconescu

Erschienen in: Autonomic Computing

Verlag: Springer London

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The purpose of this chapter is to define the notion of autonomic systems and to introduce related terminology. It discusses the main ideas that are essential to any autonomic computing system, including the concepts of ‘goal’, ‘context’ and ‘self-*’ capabilities.
The chapter also presents the initial motivations behind the autonomic computing initiative. It subsequently discusses the relevance of these motivations in light of both research and real-world implementations since this initiative was launched in the early days of the millennium.
We highlight the most important benefits that autonomic computing promises to bring to the IT domain as well as the equally important challenges that must be surpassed before computer systems can be endowed with autonomic management capabilities. An incremental approach to autonomic computing is presented in this context, proposing a five-step roadmap for progressively transforming current IT systems from their current (non-autonomic) status to full autonomic management support.
Finally, the chapter aims to position the relatively new autonomic computing initiative with respect to similar technological fields, supported by industry, governments or academia, as well as with respect to existing computing domains. Further relevant fields are discussed in the following chapter highlighting the inspiration that autonomic computing has and can draw from existing domains.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
1
Definitions based on combined, adapted input from Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary, 11th edition—http://​www.​merriam-webster.​com, American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language and Oxford Dictionaries—http://​oxforddictionari​es.​com
 
2
While a discussion on such matters would be well outside the scope of the current publication, it could raise useful considerations regarding the purposes and limitations of the autonomous systems we are going to build.
 
3
The i* agent- and goal-oriented modelling framework: http://​www.​cs.​toronto.​edu/​km/​istar
 
5
One could say that autonomic computing is a marriage of many subjects; therefore, it is no surprise that many of the early proponents of the field from IBM originated in physics (e.g. Paul Horn), computer systems (David Chess) and agent-based computing (Jeffrey Kephart).
 
6
While decreasing numbers of farmers could also be caused by factors other than technology, such as massive food imports, the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) provides data indicating clear increases in farming productivity throughout the US history. For example, data available in this USDA article—National Institute of Food and Agriculture: http://​www.​csrees.​usda.​gov/​qlinks/​extension.​html—points out that producing 100 bushels of corn necessitated around 14 labour hours and 2 acres of land in 1945, under 3 labour hours and little over 1 acre in 1987 and less than 1 acre of land in 2002. This and a discussion on bioengineered food are well beyond the scope of this book.
 
7
Alfred North Whitehead (1861–1947)—English mathematician and philosopher.
 
8
Bureau of Labour Statistics—United States Department of Labour: http://​www.​bls.​gov
 
9
The fastest-growing groups being may be not surprisingly related to healthcare.
 
10
TCG—the Trusted Computing GroupTM (http://www.trustedcomputing.org)—a non-profit organisation formed to develop and promote open, vendor-neutral standards and frameworks for supporting trusted computing technology. The goal of trusted computing technology is to render computer systems safer and less prone to viruses, malware and unauthorised access.
 
11
‘Compaq Redefines IT Landscape with Adaptive Infrastructure’, December 2001—http://​www.​hp.​com/​hpinfo/​newsroom/​press/​2001pmc/​pr2001120501.​html
 
12
HP Converged Infrastructure : http://​www.​hp.​com/​go/​ci
 
13
‘Sun Introduces N1 Architecture, Looks To Manage Networks As A Single System’, by Joseph F. Kovar, CRN, September 2002 – http://​www.​crn.​com/​news/​channel-programs/​18821653/​sun-­introduces-n1-architecture-looks-to-manage-networks-as-a-single-system.​htm
 
16
Introduction to Ambient Intelligence from ERCIM News 2001: http://​www.​ercim.​eu/​publication/​Ercim_​News/​enw47/​intro.​html
 
17
DARPA: Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency—http://​www.​darpa.​mil
 
18
Henry S. Kenyon, ‘Networks: Adapting to Uncertainty’, DARPA, http://​www.​darpa.​mil/​WorkArea/​DownloadAsset.​aspx?​id=​2570
 
20
DARPA’s announcement (April 2012) of future Robotic Challenge program (to be launched in October 2012): http://​www.​darpa.​mil/​NewsEvents/​Releases/​2012/​04/​10.​aspx
 
21
DARPA’s Urban Challenge, held in November 2007, at the former George Air Force Base in Victorville, California, USA—http://​archive.​darpa.​mil/​grandchallenge
 
22
NASA: National Aeronautics and Space Administration—http://​www.​nasa.​gov
 
23
AutoNav: NASA’s autonomous navigation system uses the relative positions of well-known bright asteroids with respect to a background star for positioning a spacecraft and guiding it to its destination. AutoNav has been successfully tested for guiding the Deep Space 1 spacecraft (1999) and Deep Impact (2005).
 
24
NASA’s Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission: http://​marsprogram.​jpl.​nasa.​gov/​msl
 
25
ESA: European Space Agency—http://​www.​esa.​int
 
27
NASA’s Autonomous Nano Technology Swarm (ANTS) program—http://​ants.​gsfc.​nasa.​gov
 
28
NASA’s ANTS Prospecting Asteroid Mission (PAM), expected timeframe: 2020–2025, http://​ants.​gsfc.​nasa.​gov/​pam.​html
 
29
Organic computing (OC) initiative: http://​www.​organic-computing.​de. The OC initiative has been launched by a group of researchers from three German universities (Universität Hannover, Universität Karlsruhe and Universität Augsburg). In 2012 the initiative comprised more than 70 researchers from many institutions across Germany and other European and non-European countries. OC has been initially funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) as part of the priority programme 1183 organic computing (2004–2011).
 
31
Multicellular Computing Website: http://​www.​evolutionofcompu​ting.​org
 
32
‘Morphogenetic engineering weds bio self-organisation to human-designed systems’, R. Doursat, PerAda Magazine: Towards Pervasive Adaptation, 18 May 2011—http://​www.​perada-magazine.​eu/​view.​php?​article=​003722-2011-05-18&​category=​Agents
 
33
The chemical metaphor as programming paradigm for organic computing: ­http://​users.​minet.​uni-jena.​de/​csb/​prj/​organic
 
Literatur
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Dey, A.K., Abowd, G.D.: Towards a better understanding of context and context-awareness. In: CHI 2000 Workshop on the What, Who, Where, When, and How of Context-Awareness, The Hague (2000) Dey, A.K., Abowd, G.D.: Towards a better understanding of context and context-awareness. In: CHI 2000 Workshop on the What, Who, Where, When, and How of Context-Awareness, The Hague (2000)
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Truszkowski, W., et al.: Autonomous and autonomic systems: a paradigm for future space exploration missions. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part C 36(3), 279–291 (2006)CrossRef Truszkowski, W., et al.: Autonomous and autonomic systems: a paradigm for future space exploration missions. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part C 36(3), 279–291 (2006)CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat McCann, J.A., Huebscher, M., Hoskins, A.: Context as autonomic intelligence in a ubiquitous computing environment. Int. J. Internet Protoc. Technol. (IJIPT), special edition on Autonomic Computing, Inderscience (2006) McCann, J.A., Huebscher, M., Hoskins, A.: Context as autonomic intelligence in a ubiquitous computing environment. Int. J. Internet Protoc. Technol. (IJIPT), special edition on Autonomic Computing, Inderscience (2006)
6.
Zurück zum Zitat FitzGerald, J., Dennis, A.: Chapter 1: Introduction to data communications – “a brief history of communications in North America”. In: Business Data Communications and Networking, 10th edn, pp. 5–7. Wiley (2009). ISBN 978-047005575-5 FitzGerald, J., Dennis, A.: Chapter 1: Introduction to data communications – “a brief history of communications in North America”. In: Business Data Communications and Networking, 10th edn, pp. 5–7. Wiley (2009). ISBN 978-047005575-5
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Dobson, S., Sterritt, R., Nixon, P., Hinchey, M.: Fulfilling the vision of autonomic computing. Cover feature. IEEE Comput. Soc. 43(1), 35–41 (2010)CrossRef Dobson, S., Sterritt, R., Nixon, P., Hinchey, M.: Fulfilling the vision of autonomic computing. Cover feature. IEEE Comput. Soc. 43(1), 35–41 (2010)CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Kephart, J.O., Chess, D.M.: The vision of autonomic computing. IEEE Comput. 36, 41–50 (2003)CrossRef Kephart, J.O., Chess, D.M.: The vision of autonomic computing. IEEE Comput. 36, 41–50 (2003)CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Ganek, A.G., Corbi, T.A.: The dawning of the autonomic computing era. IBM Syst. J. 42(1), 5–18 (2003)CrossRef Ganek, A.G., Corbi, T.A.: The dawning of the autonomic computing era. IBM Syst. J. 42(1), 5–18 (2003)CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat IBM.: An Architectural Blueprint for Autonomic Computing, 3 edn. IBM Whitepaper, June 2005 IBM.: An Architectural Blueprint for Autonomic Computing, 3 edn. IBM Whitepaper, June 2005
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Parashar, M., Hariri, S.: Autonomic computing: an overview. In: Proceedings of the 2004 International Conference on Unconventional Programming Paradigms, pp. 257–269. Springer, Berlin (2005) Parashar, M., Hariri, S.: Autonomic computing: an overview. In: Proceedings of the 2004 International Conference on Unconventional Programming Paradigms, pp. 257–269. Springer, Berlin (2005)
18.
Zurück zum Zitat White, S.R., Hanson, J.E., Whalley, I., Chess, D.M., Kephart, J.O.: An architectural approach to autonomic computing. In: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Autonomic Computing, 17–19 May 2004. IEEE Computer Society, New York (2004) White, S.R., Hanson, J.E., Whalley, I., Chess, D.M., Kephart, J.O.: An architectural approach to autonomic computing. In: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Autonomic Computing, 17–19 May 2004. IEEE Computer Society, New York (2004)
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Huebscher, M.C., McCann, J.A.: A survey of autonomic computing—degrees, models, and applications. ACM Comput. Surveys. (CSUR) 40(3) (2008). ISSN: 0360–0300 Huebscher, M.C., McCann, J.A.: A survey of autonomic computing—degrees, models, and applications. ACM Comput. Surveys. (CSUR) 40(3) (2008). ISSN: 0360–0300
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Wolf, T.D., Holovoet, T.: A taxonomy for self-properties in decentralised autonomic computing. In: Parashar, M., Hariri, S. (eds.) Autonomic Computing: Concepts, Infrastructure, and Applications, pp. 101–120. CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group (2007) Wolf, T.D., Holovoet, T.: A taxonomy for self-properties in decentralised autonomic computing. In: Parashar, M., Hariri, S. (eds.) Autonomic Computing: Concepts, Infrastructure, and Applications, pp. 101–120. CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group (2007)
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Hinchey, M.G., Sterritt, R.: Self-managing software. Computer 39(2), 107–109 (2006)CrossRef Hinchey, M.G., Sterritt, R.: Self-managing software. Computer 39(2), 107–109 (2006)CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Smirnov, M.: Autonomic Communication: Research Agenda for a New Communications Paradigm. Technical report, Fraunhofer FOKUS (2004) Smirnov, M.: Autonomic Communication: Research Agenda for a New Communications Paradigm. Technical report, Fraunhofer FOKUS (2004)
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Dobson, S., et al.: A survey of autonomic communications. ACM Trans. Auton. Adapt. Syst. 1(2), 223–259 (2006)MathSciNetCrossRef Dobson, S., et al.: A survey of autonomic communications. ACM Trans. Auton. Adapt. Syst. 1(2), 223–259 (2006)MathSciNetCrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Kephart, J.O.: Research challenges of autonomic computing. In: ACM International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2005), pp 15–21, St. Louis, MO, USA, May 2005 Kephart, J.O.: Research challenges of autonomic computing. In: ACM International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2005), pp 15–21, St. Louis, MO, USA, May 2005
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Murch, R.: Autonomic Computing. IBM Press/Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs (2004) New Jersey (Chapter 14 – Other Vendors) Murch, R.: Autonomic Computing. IBM Press/Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs (2004) New Jersey (Chapter 14 – Other Vendors)
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Sterritt, R., Hinchey, M.: SPAACE IV: Self- properties for an autonomous & autonomic computing environment – Part IV A Newish Hope. In: 7th IEEE International Conference and Workshops on Engineering of Autonomic and Autonomous Systems (EASe 2010), 22–26 Mar 2010, University of Oxford, England Sterritt, R., Hinchey, M.: SPAACE IV: Self- properties for an autonomous & autonomic computing environment – Part IV A Newish Hope. In: 7th IEEE International Conference and Workshops on Engineering of Autonomic and Autonomous Systems (EASe 2010), 22–26 Mar 2010, University of Oxford, England
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Riedel, J., Bhaskaran, S., Desai, S., Han, D., Kennedy, B., McElrath, T., Null, G., Ryne, M., Synnott, S., Wang, T., Werner, R.: Using autonomous navigation for interplanetary missions: the validation of Deep Space 1 AutoNav. In: International Conference on Low-Cost Planetary Missions, Laurel, MD, USA, May 2000, http://hdl.handle.net/2014/14133 Riedel, J., Bhaskaran, S., Desai, S., Han, D., Kennedy, B., McElrath, T., Null, G., Ryne, M., Synnott, S., Wang, T., Werner, R.: Using autonomous navigation for interplanetary missions: the validation of Deep Space 1 AutoNav. In: International Conference on Low-Cost Planetary Missions, Laurel, MD, USA, May 2000, http://​hdl.​handle.​net/​2014/​14133
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Bajracharya, M., Maimone, M.W., Helmick, D.: Autonomy for mars rovers: past, present, and future. IEEE Comput. 41(12), 44–50 (2008)CrossRef Bajracharya, M., Maimone, M.W., Helmick, D.: Autonomy for mars rovers: past, present, and future. IEEE Comput. 41(12), 44–50 (2008)CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmeck, H., Müller-Schloer, C., Çakar, E., Mnif, M., Richter, U.: Adaptivity and self-organisation in organic computing systems. In: Müller-Schloer, C., Schmeck, H., Ungerer, T. (eds.) Organic Computing – A Paradigm Shift for Complex Systems, pp. 5–37. Springer, Basel (2011). e-ISBN 978-3-0348-0130-0. ISBN 978-3-0348-0129-4CrossRef Schmeck, H., Müller-Schloer, C., Çakar, E., Mnif, M., Richter, U.: Adaptivity and self-­organisation in organic computing systems. In: Müller-Schloer, C., Schmeck, H., Ungerer, T. (eds.) Organic Computing – A Paradigm Shift for Complex Systems, pp. 5–37. Springer, Basel (2011). e-ISBN 978-3-0348-0130-0. ISBN 978-3-0348-0129-4CrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Doursat, R., Sayama, H., Michel, O.: Morphogenetic engineering. In: Toward Programmable Complex Systems Series: Understanding Complex Systems. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg (2012). ISBN 1244 978-3-642-33901-1 Doursat, R., Sayama, H., Michel, O.: Morphogenetic engineering. In: Toward Programmable Complex Systems Series: Understanding Complex Systems. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg (2012). ISBN 1244 978-3-642-33901-1
Metadaten
Titel
Autonomic Systems
verfasst von
Philippe Lalanda
Julie A. McCann
Ada Diaconescu
Copyright-Jahr
2013
Verlag
Springer London
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5007-7_2