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2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

12. Autonomous Weapons: Terminator-Esque Software Design

verfasst von : Seumas Miller

Erschienen in: Cyber Weaponry

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

This chapter explores the moral implications of autonomous robotic weapons. This is done by answering several key questions. Firstly, in what sense are such weapons really autonomous? It is argued that this is not the case. Secondly, do such weapons necessarily compromise the moral responsibility of their human designers, computer programmers and/or operators and, if so, in what manner and to what extent? It is argued that it is not necessarily the case, at least if such weapons have human in or on the loop. Finally, should certain forms of autonomous weapons be prohibited? It is argued that human out of the loop weapons should be prohibited.

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Fußnoten
1
For an earlier account of these issues, see Seumas Miller “Robopocolypse?: Autonomous Weapons, Military Necessity and Collective Moral Responsibility” in (ed.) Jai Galliott and M Lotze, Super Soldiers: The Ethical, Legal and Social Implications (Ashgate 2015), pp. 153–166.
 
2
Stanley Benn, A Theory of Freedom (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988) and Seumas Miller “Individual Autonomy and Sociality” in (ed.) F Schmitt Socialising Metaphysics: Nature of Social Reality (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2003), pp.269–300.
 
3
This section is an abridged version of Seumas Miller Chap. 10 in his Shooting to Kill: The Ethics of Military and Police Use of Military Force (Oxford University Press, 2016).
 
4
Ronald Arkin (“The Case for Ethical Autonomy in Unmanned Systems” Journal of Military Ethics vol. 9 2010 pp. 332–341) has argued in favour of the use of such weapons.
 
5
It is not a targeted killing.
 
6
Further, the villain is legally and morally responsible for foreseeable but unintended killing done by the killer-dogs in the forest, if they had happened upon one of the birdwatchers well-known to frequent the forest and mistakenly killed him instead of the intended victim. (Perhaps the birdwatcher carried the scent of birds often attacked by the killer-dogs.)
 
7
See R. Sparrow “Killer Robots” Journal of Applied Philosophy vol. 24 2007 pp. 63–77. For criticisms see Uwe Steinhoff “Killing them safely: Extreme asymmetry and its discontents” in B. J. Strawser (ed.) Killing by Remote Control: The Ethics of an Unmanned Military (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013).
 
8
Each is fully morally responsible; not all cases of collective moral responsibility involve a distribution of the quantum (so-to-speak) of responsibility.
 
9
The physical properties in question would not only be detectable in the environment but also be able to be subjected to various formal processes of quantification and so on.
 
10
See, for instance, Arkin “The Case for Ethical Autonomy in Unmanned Systems,” op. cit. and the reply in Miller Shooting to Kill, Chap. 10, op. cit.
 
11
Seumas Miller “Collective Moral Responsibility: An Individualist Account,” in Peter A. French (ed), Midwest Studies in Philosophy, vol. XXX, 2006, pp.176–193
 
Metadaten
Titel
Autonomous Weapons: Terminator-Esque Software Design
verfasst von
Seumas Miller
Copyright-Jahr
2018
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74107-9_12