Introduction
Importance of Studying Rape Myths
Rape Myths in the Context of the System Justification Theory
System Justification and Gender Essentialism
Gender Essentialism, Gender-Related Stereotypes and Rape Myth Acceptance
Current Studies
Study 1: Correlation Between Beliefs in Biological Origins of Gender Differences and Rape Myth Acceptance
Method
Participants and Procedure
Tools and Measures
Results
Rape Myth Acceptance and the Sociodemographic Variables
Correlations
RMA (total) | RMA (SA) | RMA (MT) | RMA (NR) | RMA (SL) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
HS | .64** | .59** | .43** | .39** | .61** |
BS | .47** | .44** | .33** | .31** | .42** |
BO | .48** | .42** | .34** | .31** | .41** |
CO | − .18** | − .17** | − .06 | − .11* | − .18** |
SJ | .30** | .23** | .21** | .24** | .27** |
System Justification, Beliefs in Biological Origins of Gender Differences, Ambivalent Sexism and Rape Myth Acceptance: A Sequential Mediation Model
System Justification, Beliefs in Cultural Origins of Gender Differences, Ambivalent Sexism and Rape Myth Acceptance: A Sequential Mediation Model
Discussion
Study 2: Exposure to Essentialist and Anti-essentialist Content and Beliefs on Sexual Violence
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a higher level of hostile sexism (H1a) and victim blaming (H1b) than the control group
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a lower level of perpetrator blaming (H1c), perceived trauma (H1d) and perceived credibility of the victim (H1e) than the control group
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propose lower sentences for the rape perpetrators than the control group (H1f)
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have a lower level of hostile sexism (H2a) and victim blaming (H2b) than the control group
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have a higher level of perpetrator blaming (H2c), perceived trauma (H2d) and perceived credibility of the victim (H2e) than the control group
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propose higher sentences for the rape perpetrators than the control group (H2f)
Method
Participants
Tools and Measures
Procedure
Results
Effect of Experimental Manipulation on the Perception of Rape
Dependent variable | Experimental group1 (biological origin) | Experimental group2 (social origin) | Control group | F | Partial η2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
HS | 41.30a (9.87) | 43.94a (10.53) | 41.86a (9.47) | 1.239 | .013 |
BS | 41.33a (10.36) | 40.08a (9.29) | 41.22a (9.42) | .337 | .003 |
Stranger rape | |||||
VB | 5.54a (2.85) | 6.12a (3.16) | 6.38a (2.70) | 1.349 | .014 |
PB | 17.20a (2.41) | 17.38a (1.70) | 17.44a (1.37) | .282 | .003 |
PT | 17.09a (2.33) | 16.94a (1.52) | 16.97a (1.60) | .115 | .001 |
PC | 15.72a (2.23) | 15.20a (2.14) | 15.26a (2.38) | .943 | .010 |
Sentence | 10.67a (2.27) | 10.27a (2.50) | 10.36a (2.31) | .444 | .005 |
Acquaintance rape | |||||
VB | 11.56a (3.64) | 12.29a (3.87) | 12.53a (3.26) | 1.224 | .012 |
PB | 15.63a (2.88) | 15.08a (2.79) | 14.87a (2.99) | 1.124 | .011 |
PT | 15.57a (2.28) | 15.02a (2.48) | 15.25a (2.25) | .850 | .009 |
PC | 14.65a (2.18) | 13.23b (2.56) | 14.00ab (2.28) | 5.502** | .054 |
Sentence | 7.61a (3.28) | 7.26a (3.52) | 7.87a (3.57) | .553 | .006 |
Effect of Experimental Manipulation on the Perception of rape: The Role of Gender, Rape Myth Acceptance, System Justification, Political Views, Mood and Agreeing with the Presented Explanation of Gender Differences
Dependent variable | Group | Gender | RMA | SJ | Political views | Mood | MC | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | Partial η2 | F | Partial η2 | F | Partial η2 | F | Partial η2 | F | Partial η2 | F | Partial η2 | F | Partial η2 | |
HS | 1.409 | .015 | 4.280* | .022 | 61.889** | .248 | .482 | .003 | 13.779** | .068 | .031 | .000 | 1.485 | .008 |
BS | 1.357 | .014 | 1.751 | .009 | 19.141** | .092 | 6.121* | .032 | 3.008 | .016 | .182 | .001 | 1.681 | .009 |
Stranger rape | ||||||||||||||
VB | .475 | .005 | 5.574* | .029 | 27.353** | .127 | .001 | .000 | 1.751 | .009 | .482 | .003 | .041 | .000 |
PB | .265 | .003 | .314 | .002 | 3.443 | .018 | 1.691 | .009 | 1.034 | .005 | .070 | .000 | .002 | .000 |
PT | .093 | .001 | .580 | .003 | 7.356** | .038 | .738 | .004 | 3.169 | .017 | .533 | .003 | .141 | .001 |
PC | .795 | .008 | 2.384 | .013 | 8.663** | .044 | .535 | .003 | .103 | .001 | 1.214 | .006 | .000 | .000 |
Sentence | 4.516* | .046 | .390 | .002 | 8.368** | .043 | .006 | .000 | 3.512 | .018 | 1.905 | .010 | 8.057* | .041 |
Acquaintance rape | ||||||||||||||
VB | .682 | .007 | .456 | .002 | 45.939** | .196 | 1.715 | .009 | 6.508* | .033 | .300 | .002 | .906 | .005 |
PB | .204 | .002 | .327 | .002 | 24.215** | .114 | .668 | .004 | 4.971* | .026 | .330 | .002 | .032 | .000 |
PT | .496 | .005 | .010 | .000 | 14.315** | .071 | .314 | .002 | 3.331 | .017 | .158 | .001 | .050 | .000 |
PC | 6.347** | .063 | 6.199* | .032 | 5.748* | .030 | 1.216 | .006 | 5.163* | .027 | .146 | .001 | 2.457 | .013 |
Sentence | .259 | .003 | 2.007 | .011 | 15.591** | .077 | 2.811 | .015 | .109 | .001 | .193 | .001 | .461 | .002 |